scholarly journals Combined Use of Bacteriophage K and a Novel Bacteriophage To Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (21) ◽  
pp. 6694-6703 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Alves ◽  
A. Gaudion ◽  
J. E. Bean ◽  
P. Perez Esteban ◽  
T. C. Arnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Repertoire

ABSTRACTBiofilms are major causes of impairment of wound healing and patient morbidity. One of the most common and aggressive wound pathogens isStaphylococcus aureus, displaying a large repertoire of virulence factors and commonly reduced susceptibility to antibiotics, such as the spread of methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA). Bacteriophages are obligate parasites of bacteria. They multiply intracellularly and lyse their bacterial host, releasing their progeny. We isolated a novel phage, DRA88, which has a broad host range amongS. aureusbacteria. Morphologically, the phage belongs to theMyoviridaefamily and comprises a large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 141,907 bp. DRA88 was mixed with phage K to produce a high-titer mixture that showed strong lytic activity against a wide range ofS. aureusisolates, including representatives of the major international MRSA clones and coagulase-negativeStaphylococcus. Its efficacy was assessed both in planktonic cultures and when treating established biofilms produced by three different biofilm-producingS. aureusisolates. A significant reduction of biofilm biomass over 48 h of treatment was recorded in all cases. The phage mixture may form the basis of an effective treatment for infections caused byS. aureusbiofilms.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage GH15

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (16) ◽  
pp. 8914-8915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingmin Gu ◽  
Xiaohe Liu ◽  
Rong Lu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wide Range

GH15 is a polyvalent phage that shows activity against a wide range ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains. In this work, the complete genome sequence of GH15 was determined. With a genome size of 139,806 bp (double-stranded DNA), GH15 is the largest staphylococcal phage sequenced to date. The complete genome encodes 214 open reading frames (ORFs) and 4 tRNAs. The closest relatives are the class III staphylococcal myobacteriophages, including K, A5W, ISP, Sb-1, and G1. Interestingly, although corresponding gene sequences demonstrate very high similarity, all the introns and inteins present in the phages listed above are absent in GH15. As such, GH15 can be considered phylogenetically unique among the staphylococcal myobacteriophages, indicating the diversity of this family.

scholarly journals A Putative Cro-Like Repressor Contributes to Arylomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3066-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arryn Craney ◽  
Floyd E. Romesberg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Signal Peptidase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a significant public health concern and motivate efforts to develop new classes of antibiotics. One such class of antibiotics is the arylomycins, which target type I signal peptidase (SPase), the enzyme responsible for the release of secreted proteins from their N-terminal leader sequences. Despite the essentiality, conservation, and relative accessibility of SPase, the activity of the arylomycins is limited against some bacteria, including the important human pathogenStaphylococcus aureus. To understand the origins of the limited activity againstS. aureus, we characterized the susceptibility of a panel of strains to two arylomycin derivatives, arylomycin A-C16and its more potent analog arylomycin M131. We observed a wide range of susceptibilities to the two arylomycins and found that resistant strains were sensitized by cotreatment with tunicamycin, which inhibits the first step of wall teichoic acid synthesis. To further understand howS. aureusresponds to the arylomycins, we profiled the transcriptional response ofS. aureusNCTC 8325 to growth-inhibitory concentrations of arylomycin M131 and found that it upregulates the cell wall stress stimulon (CWSS) and an operon consisting of a putative transcriptional regulator and three hypothetical proteins. Interestingly, we found that mutations in the putative transcriptional regulator are correlated with resistance, and selection for resistanceex vivodemonstrated that mutations in this gene are sufficient for resistance. The results begin to elucidate howS. aureuscopes with secretion stress and how it evolves resistance to the inhibition of SPase.

scholarly journals A65 Characterization of endolysin gene of bacteriophages infecting Listeria spp. isolated from dairy industry wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanco Fernández ◽  
M E Barrios ◽  
R V Cammarata ◽  
C Torres ◽  
V A Mbayed
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract Bacteriophages and their endolysins, enzymes that degrade the cell walls of bacteria, are emerging as alternative tools to detect and inhibit growth of pathogen bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a serious invasive disease that affects both humans and a wide range of animals. Listeria spp. are ubiquitous in the dairy farm environment and could be present in dairy-processing plants and wastewater. All Listeria-specific bacteriophages found to date are members of the Caudovirales, of the Siphoviridae or Myoviridae families. Myophages infecting Listeria have been recently classified by the ICTV in the Spounavirinae subfamily, as well as in the P100 virus genus. The aim of this work was to isolate Listeria spp. bacteriophages and their endolysin codifying genes from wastewater of a dairy industry. Wastewater with and without treatment was sampled during the course of a year, and isolation of bacteriophages was performed after an enrichment step using as hosts L. innocua, L. ivanovii, and L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b. Bacteriophages infecting L. innocua and L. ivanovii were isolated (n = 24) from 3 out of 12 samples. Bacteriophages were purified, and the host range was determined using spot test and EOP against five collection strains and several field isolates of Listeria spp. Two bacteriophages of narrow and broad host range, vB_Lino_VEfB7, and vB_Liva_VAfA18, were selected for further characterization. High titer stocks of bacteriophages were purified by centrifugation with ammonium acetate, and morphological information on the purified bacteriophages was obtained by negative staining and transmission electronic microscopy. Their morphology, size, and contractile tails indicated that these bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae family. Bacteriophage genomes were extracted using phenol-chloroform, followed by ethanol precipitation, and tested by digestion with RNAsa A and DNAse I. RFLP was performed, digesting genomes with restriction enzymes HindIII and NcoI. Consistent with the morphological findings, bacteriophages contained dsDNA genomes but showed different RFLP patterns. A PCR designed to amplify conserved domains of endolysins—PGRP and CwlA—was applied to characterize this gene. Another PCR was designed to amplify the complete endolysin gene, and the complete sequence of this gene was obtained and analyzed. Substitution model selection and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the endolysin gene was carried out using IQ-Tree software. The sequences of the endolysin gene indicated that the codified enzyme is an N-acetyl-muramoyl-L-alanine amidase, related to A511 and P100 species of the recently described P100virus genus. Further evolutionary analyses are needed to evaluate their belonging to this species or their taxonomy within this genus.

scholarly journals In VitroActivities of Tedizolid and Linezolid against Gram-Positive Cocci Associated with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections and Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6262-6265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Hung Chen ◽  
Yu-Tsung Huang ◽  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Wang-Hui Sheng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACTTedizolid is a novel, expanded-spectrum oxazolidinone with potent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens. A total of 425 isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were obtained consecutively from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) or pneumonia. These isolates included methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) (n= 100), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (n= 100),Streptococcus pyogenes(n= 50),Streptococcus agalactiae(n= 50),Streptococcus anginosusgroup (n= 75),Enterococcus faecalis(n= 50), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (Enterococcus faecium) (n= 50). The MICs of tedizolid and linezolid were determined by the agar dilution method. Tedizolid exhibited betterin vitroactivities than linezolid against MSSA (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml), MRSA (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),S. pyogenes(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),S. agalactiae(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),Streptococcus anginosusgroup (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),E. faecalis(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml), and VRE (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml). The tedizolid MICs againstE. faecalis(n= 3) and VRE (n= 2) intermediate to linezolid (MICs, 4 μg/ml) were 1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The tedizolid MIC90s against S. anginosus,S. constellatus, andS. intermediuswere 0.5, 1, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, and the rates of susceptibility based on the U.S. FDA MIC interpretive breakpoints to the isolates were 16%, 28%, and 72%, respectively. Tedizolid exhibited 2- to 4-fold betterin vitroactivities than linezolid against a variety of Gram-positive cocci associated with ABSSSIs and pneumonia. The lower susceptibilities of tedizolid against isolates ofS. anginosusandS. constellatusthan against those ofS. intermediusin Taiwan were noted.

scholarly journals Children with Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Disease Exhibit a Potently Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Cytotoxin LukAB

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac P. Thomsen ◽  
Ashley L. DuMont ◽  
David B. A James ◽  
Pauline Yoong ◽  
Benjamin R. Saville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTDespite the importance ofStaphylococcus aureusas a common invasive bacterial pathogen, the humoral response to infection remains inadequately defined, particularly in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the humoral response to extracellular staphylococcal virulence factors, including the bicomponent leukotoxins, which are critical for the cytotoxicity ofS. aureustoward human neutrophils. Children with culture-provenS. aureusinfection were prospectively enrolled and stratified by disease type. Fifty-three children were enrolled in the study, of which 90% had invasive disease. Serum samples were obtained during the acute (within 48 h) and convalescent (4 to 6 weeks postinfection) phases, at which point both IgG titers againstS. aureusexotoxins were determined, and the functionality of the generated antibodies was evaluated. Molecular characterization of clinical isolates was also performed. We observed a marked rise in antibody titer from acute-phase to convalescent-phase sera for LukAB, the most recently describedS. aureusbicomponent leukotoxin. LukAB production by the isolates was strongly correlated with cytotoxicityin vitro, and sera containing anti-LukAB antibodies potently neutralized cytotoxicity. Antibodies toS. aureusantigens were detectable in healthy pediatric controls but at much lower titers than in sera from infected subjects. The discovery of a high-titer, neutralizing antibody response to LukAB during invasive infections suggests that this toxin is producedin vivoand that it elicits a functional humoral response.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of the Broad-Host-Range Pseudomonas Phage Φ-S1

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10239-10239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Sillankorva ◽  
Andrew M. Kropinski ◽  
Joana Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

The broad-host-range lyticPseudomonasphage Φ-S1 possess a 40,192 bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 47 open reading frames (ORFs) and belongs to the familyPodoviridae, subfamilyAutographivirinae, genusT7likevirus.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Arsenal To Conquer the Lower Respiratory Tract

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Pivard ◽  
Karen Moreau ◽  
François Vandenesch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal and a pathogenic bacterium for humans. Its ability to induce severe infections is based on a wide range of virulence factors. S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia (SA-CAP) is rare and severe, and the contribution of certain virulence factors in this disease has been recognized over the past 2 decades. First, the factors involved in metabolism adaptation are crucial for S. aureus survival in the lower respiratory tract, and toxins and enzymes are required for it to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier. S. aureus subsequently faces host defense mechanisms, including the epithelial barrier, but most importantly the immune system. Here, again, S. aureus uses myriad virulence factors to successfully escape from the host’s defenses and takes advantage of them. The impact of S. aureus virulence, combined with the collateral damage caused by an overwhelming immune response, leads to severe tissue damage and adverse clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize step by step all of the S. aureus factors implicated in CAP and described to date, and we provide an outlook for future research.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Phage BS46

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Popova ◽  
Mikhail M. Shneider ◽  
Yulia V. Mikhailova ◽  
Andrey A. Shelenkov ◽  
Dmitry A. Shagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter myovirus BS46 was isolated from sewage by J. S. Soothill in 1991. We have sequenced the genome of BS46 and found it to be almost unique. BS46 contains double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 94,068 bp and 176 predicted open reading frames. The gene encoding the tailspike that presumably possesses depolymerase activity toward the capsular polysaccharides of the bacterial host was identified.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Inactivation by High-Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma Differ for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Han ◽  
S. Patil ◽  
D. Boehm ◽  
V. Milosavljević ◽  
P. J. Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTAtmospheric cold plasma (ACP) is a promising nonthermal technology effective against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial inactivation role when air or other oxygen-containing gases are used. With strong oxidative stress, cells can be damaged by lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation, and DNA cleavage. Identification of ROS and an understanding of their role are important for advancing ACP applications for a range of complex microbiological issues. In this study, the inactivation efficacy of in-package high-voltage (80 kV [root mean square]) ACP (HVACP) and the role of intracellular ROS were investigated. Two mechanisms of inactivation were observed in which reactive species were found to either react primarily with the cell envelope or damage intracellular components.Escherichia coliwas inactivated mainly by cell leakage and low-level DNA damage. Conversely,Staphylococcus aureuswas mainly inactivated by intracellular damage, with significantly higher levels of intracellular ROS observed and little envelope damage. However, for both bacteria studied, increasing treatment time had a positive effect on the intracellular ROS levels generated.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Broad-Host-Range Staphylococcus aureus Myophage ESa1

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan D’Souza ◽  
Andrey A. Filippov ◽  
Kirill V. Sergueev ◽  
Yunxiu He ◽  
Amanda M. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT A potentially therapeutic Twort-like myophage, Esa1, with specificity toward Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from lake water. We report the complete genome sequence of ESa1, assembled using both MinION and Illumina MiSeq reads, consisting of 153,106 bp, with 30.3% GC content, 253 protein coding sequences, 4 tRNAs, and 10,437-bp direct terminal repeats.

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