scholarly journals Stable Establishment of Cardinium spp. in the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens despite Decreased Host Fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Pu Li ◽  
Chun-Ying Zhou ◽  
Si-Si Zha ◽  
Jun-Tao Gong ◽  
Zhiyong Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Pest

ABSTRACT The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera) is a major pest of rice crops in Asia. Artificial transinfections of Wolbachia have recently been used for reducing host impacts, but transinfections have not yet been undertaken with another important endosymbiont, Cardinium. This endosymbiont can manipulate the reproduction of hosts through phenotypes such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which is strong in the related white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera). Here, we stably infected N. lugens with Cardinium from S. furcifera and showed that it exhibits perfect maternal transmission in N. lugens. The density of Cardinium varied across developmental stages and tissues of the transinfected host. Cardinium did not induce strong CI in N. lugens, likely due to its low density in testicles. The infection did decrease fecundity and hatching rate in the transinfected host, but a decrease in fecundity was not apparent when transinfected females mated with Wolbachia-infected males. The experiments show the feasibility of transferring Cardinium endosymbionts across hosts, but the deleterious effects of Cardinium on N. lugens limit its potential to spread in wild populations of N. lugens in the absence of strong CI. IMPORTANCE In this study we established a Cardinium-infected N. lugens line that possessed complete maternal transmission. Cardinium had a widespread distribution in tissues of N. lugens, and this infection decreased the fecundity and hatching rate of the host. Our findings emphasize the feasibility of transinfection of Cardinium in insects, which expands the range of endosymbionts that could be manipulated for pest control.

scholarly journals Neutral Ceramidase Is Required for the Reproduction of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Shi ◽  
Mu-Fei Zhu ◽  
Ni Wang ◽  
Yuan-Jie Huang ◽  
Min-Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that have been implicated in insect development; however, their role in insect reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pivotal role of neutral ceramidase (NCER) in the female reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a significant pest in rice cultivation in Asia. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that, among different developmental stages of BPH, the levels of ceramides were highest in 1st instar nymphs and lowest in adults. The transcription of NCER was negatively correlated with the levels of ceramides at different developmental stages of BPH, in that the transcript levels of NCER were the highest, whereas ceramides levels were the lowest in BPH adults. Knocking down NCER through RNA interference (RNAi) increased the levels of ceramides in BPH females and ovaries, which resulted in a delay in oocyte maturation, a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching rate, as well as the production of vulnerable offspring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays showed mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in NCER-deficient oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that NCER plays a crucial role in female reproduction in BPH, likely by regulating the levels of ceramides.

Numerical model simulations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) migration

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turner ◽  
Y.-H. Song ◽  
K.-B. Uhm
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Insect Movement ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Flight Level

AbstractThis paper reports on the performance of an atmospheric numerical model called BLAYER which has been adapted to forecast the movement of migrant brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvarth) populations from China to Korea. Comparison of model forecasts with trapping data for the 1987 and 1988 migration seasons indicated: (i) that the model is capable of successfully simulating the movement of planthoppers to Korea; (ii) that the model has sufficient detail to simulate insect movement into different regions of Korea; (iii) the source region for early season migrants is most likely to be south-eastern China (i.e. south of 25°N and east of 115°E); (iv) later season migrants may not necessarily always originate from an expanded northward region (south of 30°N); (v) the flight level of migrants may vary from about 500 to 2000 m altitude from one migration episode to another; and (vi) flight times ranging between 24 and 45 h are required to explain the migratory influxes. The results reported here have led to BLAYER forecasts of planthopper migration being produced on an operational basis within Korea.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the Amino Acid Auxin Permease (AAAP) Gene Family and Identification of an AAAP Gene Associated with the Growth and Reproduction of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Lei Yue ◽  
Rui Pang ◽  
Hu Tian ◽  
Ziying Guan ◽  
Mingzhao Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Transporter Family

Amino acids play a vital role in several biological processes in organisms and are mainly acquired through diet by most insects. The amino acid auxin permease (AAAP) transporter family is an important amino acid transporter gene family in insects for the transportation of amino acids into and out of cells across the plasma membrane. Here, we identified 21 putative AAAP family members in the genome of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, a devastating pest that feeds only on the phloem sap of rice plants. Molecular characteristic analysis indicated large variations in protein features and amino acid sequences among the predicted AAAP family members in BPH. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these AAAP transporters into three subgroups, with the members in the same group sharing a similar pattern of conserved motif distribution. Through ortholog gene recognition and spatiotemporal gene expression analysis, the AAAP gene NlAAAP07, which was predicted to regulate BPH larval growth and female fecundity, was identified. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlAAAP07 significantly postponed the duration of 3rd instar nymphs developing into adults from 7.4 days to 9.0 days, and decreased the oviposition amount and egg hatching rate of females by 30.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Our results provide a foundation for further functional analysis of AAAP transporters in BPH.

Early season natural control of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens: the contribution and interaction of two spider species and a predatory bug

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sigsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Predatory Bugs ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Early Rice

AbstractNilaparvata lugens Stål, the Brown Planthopper (BPH), is a major pest in rice. The lycosid Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg & Strand) and the linyphiid Atypena formosana (Oi) are the early dominant predators in irrigated rice. Later, predatory bugs, including the mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, become dominant. In unsprayed rice, BPH numbers normally remain low. While P. pseudoannulata is known to be a key natural enemy of BPH, the contribution to BPH reduction by the smaller A. formosana is less well known. Due to the size difference, A. formosana may also be an intraguild prey of P. pseudoannulata. To investigate predation on BPH by the two spider species alone, together and in combination with C. lividipennis, two cage experiments were conducted, the first with adult spiders, the second with immature/unmated spiders. In the latter, spiders were introduced with a delay to allow a better establishment of C. lividipennis. In both experiments, BPH numbers were lowest in treatments with more than one predator species present. Intermediate BPH reduction was obtained with P. pseudoannulata followed by A. formosana and C. lividipennis. While P. pseudoannulata can prey upon large nymphs and adult BPH, A. formosana favour early instar BPH, leading to a more even control across instars in treatments with both spider species. Pardosa pseudoannulata numbers increased more with A. formosana or A. formosana and C. lividipennis present. In contrast, P. pseudoannulata reduced A. formosana and C. lividipennis numbers. The presence of C. lividipennis apparently lessened intraguild predation on A. formosana and may be an intraguild prey of A. formosana. Competition for prey may have added to the antagonistic interactions found. From a biological control perspective, the presence of both spiders in early rice is an advantage for the biological control of BPH in rice. In early rice, results show that A. formosana is an important predator of BPH and, like C. lividipennis, can complement control by P. pseudoannulata and serve as intraguild prey for the latter species.

scholarly journals Rice Resistance Buffers against the Induced Enhancement of Brown Planthopper Fitness by Some Insecticides

Crops ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
Finbarr G. Horgan ◽  
Ainara Peñalver-Cruz ◽  
Maria Liberty P. Almazan
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Whitebacked Planthopper

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)[BPH], is a damaging pest of rice in Asia. Insecticides and rice varietal resistance are widely implemented BPH management practices. However, outbreaks of BPH have been linked to excessive insecticide use—challenging the compatibility of these two management practices. IR62 is a variety with resistance against BPH, the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth [WBPH], and the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant)[GLH]. We compared BPH responses to IR62 and to the susceptible variety IR64 treated with buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap hydrochloride, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, or thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole. In greenhouse bioassays, cypermethrin, fipronil and thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole reduced egg laying on both varieties, and, together with buprofezin, reduced nymph survival to zero. Buprofezin, carbofuran, and cartap hydrochloride stimulated egg laying, and carbofuran increased nymph biomass, but these effects were reduced on IR62. Planthopper populations were ten times higher on deltamethrin-treated rice than untreated rice in a screenhouse experiment. Host resistance failed to buffer against this insecticide-induced resurgence in BPH and WBPH. However, IR62 reduced the effect in GLH. Rice treated with cypermethrin and fipronil had reduced yields compared to untreated controls, suggesting possible phytotoxic effects. We found little evidence of synergies between the two management practices; but host resistance did buffer against the undesirable effects of some insecticides.

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