scholarly journals Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Sequences from Salt Marsh Plant Roots Reveal a Diversity of Acetogenic Bacteria and Other Bacterial Functional Groups

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Leaphart ◽  
M. J. Friez ◽  
C. R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Juncus Roemerianus ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Salicornia Virginica ◽  
Salt Marsh Plant ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Sixty-two partial formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) structural gene sequences were recovered from roots of salt marsh plants, including Spartina alterniflora, Salicornia virginica, and Juncus roemerianus. Only S. alterniflora roots yielded sequences grouping with FTHFS sequences from known acetogens. Most other FTHFS or FTHFS-like sequences grouped with those from sulfate-reducing bacteria. Several sequences that grouped with Sphingomonas paucimobilis ligH were also recovered.

scholarly journals Brockarchaeota, a novel archaeal lineage capable of methylotrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie De Anda ◽  
Lin-Xing Chen ◽  
Nina Dombrowski ◽  
Zhengshuang Hua ◽  
Hong-Chen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Archaeal Lineage ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract Single carbon (C1) compounds such as methanol, methylamines and formaldehyde are ubiquitous in nature and they are large components of the carbon cycle. In anoxic environments C1-utilizing microbes (methylotrophs) play an important role in controlling global carbon degradation. Currently described anaerobic methylotrophs are limited to methanogenic archaea, acetogenic bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Here, we report the first archaeal lineage outside of methanogenic taxa that are capable of anaerobic methylotrophy. Phylogenetic analyses suggest these archaea form a new phylum within the TACK superphylum, which we propose be named Brockarchaeota. A survey revealed Brockarchaeota are globally distributed in geothermal springs. Metabolic inference from 15 metagenome-assembled genomes from hot springs and deep-sea sediments indicates that Brockarchaeota are strict anaerobes. They contain a variety C1 metabolisms including the methanol and trimethylamine methyltransferases system, the ribulose bisphosphate pathway coupled with the non-oxidative pentoses phosphate pathway, and reductive glycine pathway. Brockarchaeota have an incomplete methyl-branch of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway probably used for formaldehyde oxidation, since they lack several core genes involved in methanogenesis including methyl-CoM reductases. Brockarchaeota also appear to play an important role in the breakdown of plant-derived polysaccharides, especially cellulose, starch and xylan. Their broad distribution and their capacity to use both C1 compounds and complex polysaccharides via anaerobic metabolism suggest that the Brockarchaeota occupy previously overlooked roles in carbon cycling.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Three Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Groups, Methanogenic Archaea, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, and Acetogenic Bacteria, within Plaque Biofilms Associated with Human Periodontal Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (10) ◽  
pp. 3779-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Vianna ◽  
S. Holtgraewe ◽  
I. Seyfarth ◽  
G. Conrads ◽  
H. P. Horz
Keyword(s):  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Sulfate Reducers ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Microbial Ecosystems ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

ABSTRACT Human subgingival plaque biofilms are highly complex microbial ecosystems that may depend on H2-metabolizing processes. Here we investigated the ubiquity and proportions of methanogenic archaea, sulfate reducers, and acetogens in plaque samples from 102 periodontitis patients. In contrast to the case for 65 healthy control subjects, hydrogenotrophic groups were almost consistently detected in periodontal pockets, with the proportions of methanogens and sulfate reducers being significantly elevated in severe cases. In addition, antagonistic interactions among the three microbial groups indicated that they may function as alternative syntrophic partners of secondary fermenting periodontal pathogens.

scholarly journals Whole-Cell versus Total RNA Extraction for Analysis of Microbial Community Structure with 16S rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes in Salt Marsh Sediments

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3037-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Frischer ◽  
Jean M. Danforth ◽  
Michele A. Newton Healy ◽  
F. Michael Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Salt Marsh Sediments ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes have become powerful tools for describing microbial communities, but their use in sediments remains difficult. Here we describe a simple technique involving homogenization, detergents, and dispersants that allows the quantitative extraction of cells from formalin-preserved salt marsh sediments. Resulting cell extracts are amenable to membrane blotting and hybridization protocols. Using this procedure, the efficiency of cell extraction was high (95.7% � 3.7% [mean � standard deviation]) relative to direct DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole) epifluorescence cell counts for a variety of salt marsh sediments. To test the hypothesis that cells were extracted without phylogenetic bias, the relative abundance (depth distribution) of five major divisions of the gram-negative mesophilic sulfate-reducing delta proteobacteria were determined in sediments maintained in a tidal mesocosm system. A suite of six 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were utilized. The apparent structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria communities determined from whole-cell and RNA extracts were consistent with each other (r 2 = 0.60), indicating that the whole-cell extraction and RNA extraction hybridization approaches for describing sediment microbial communities are equally robust. However, the variability associated with both methods was high and appeared to be a result of the natural heterogeneity of sediment microbial communities and methodological artifacts. The relative distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria was similar to that observed in natural marsh systems, providing preliminary evidence that the mesocosm systems accurately simulate native marsh systems.

Effect of reciprocal transplanting between extremes of plant zones on morphometric plasticity of five plant species in an Oregon salt marsh

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2254-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Seliskar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Salicornia Virginica ◽  
Salt Marsh Plant ◽  
Reciprocal Transplants ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
Distributional Limits ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Reciprocal transplants of each of five salt marsh plant species were made to determine whether differences in morphology and anatomy between plants at the upper and lower distributional limits of each species were fixed or plastic. At the end of 1 year, Deschampsia cespitosa, Distichlis spicata, Grindelia integrifolia, Jaumea carnosa, and Salicornia virginica all demonstrated morphometric plasticity. Environmental variables were measured to look for correlations between morphological and anatomical changes and environment. Chemical properties of the transplanted soils of D. spicata and of S. virginica became like those of the surrounding soil, while the properties of soil around G. integrifolia and J. carnosa transplants did not change significantly upon being moved. Soil moisture content was always greatest at the lower elevational site and probably accounts for much of the structural change observed in the reciprocal transplants. For example, the increase in the amount of aerenchymatous tissue in S. virginica plants moved to the lower elevational site was most likely caused by the nearly saturated soil at that location.

Metabolic interactions in methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bioreactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.M. Stams ◽  
C.M. Plugge ◽  
F.A.M. de Bok ◽  
B.H.G.W. van Houten ◽  
P. Lens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complete Breakdown ◽  
Metabolic Interactions ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

In environments where the amount of electron acceptors is insufficient for complete breakdown of organic matter, methane is formed as the major reduced end product. In such methanogenic environments organic acids are degraded by syntrophic consortia of acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Hydrogen consumption by methanogens is essential for acetogenic bacteria to convert organic acids to acetate and hydrogen. Several syntrophic cocultures growing on propionate and butyrate have been described. These syntrophic fatty acid-degrading consortia are affected by the presence of sulfate. When sulfate is present sulfate-reducing bacteria compete with methanogenic archaea for hydrogen and acetate, and with acetogenic bacteria for propionate and butyrate. Sulfate-reducing bacteria easily outcompete methanogens for hydrogen, but the presence of acetate as carbon source may influence the outcome of the competition. By contrast, acetoclastic methanogens can compete reasonably well with acetate-degrading sulfate reducers. Sulfate-reducing bacteria grow much faster on propionate and butyrate than syntrophic consortia.

Molecular characterization of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a New England salt marsh

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bahr ◽  
Byron C. Crump ◽  
Vanja Klepac-Ceraj ◽  
Andreas Teske ◽  
Mitchell L. Sogin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
New England ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
England Salt Marsh ◽  
Reducing Bacteria
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