scholarly journals Free Sialic Acid Acts as a Signal That Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasion of Nasal Tissue and Nonhematogenous Invasion of the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 2607-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Hatcher ◽  
Joanetha Y. Hale ◽  
David E. Briles
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and neurological sequelae in children worldwide. Acute bacterial meningitis is widely considered to result from bacteremia that leads to blood-brain barrier breakdown and bacterial dissemination throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we showed that pneumococci can gain access to the CNS through a nonhematogenous route without peripheral blood infection. This access is thought to occur when the pneumococci in the upper sinus follow the olfactory nerves and enter the CNS through the olfactory bulbs. In this study, we determined whether the addition of exogenous sialic acid postcolonization promotes nonhematogenous invasion of the CNS. Previously, others showed that treatment with exogenous sialic acid post-pneumococcal infection increased the numbers of CFU recovered from an intranasal mouse model of infection. Using a pneumococcal colonization model, anin vivoimaging system, and a multiplex assay for cytokine expression, we demonstrated that sialic acid can increase the number of pneumococci recovered from the olfactory bulbs and brains of infected animals. We also show that pneumococci primarily localize to the olfactory bulb, leading to increased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These findings provide evidence that sialic acid can enhance the ability of pneumococci to disseminate into the CNS and provide details about the environment needed to establish nonhematogenous pneumococcal meningitis.

Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. LaPenna ◽  
Karen L. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Epidural

AbstractAcute bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess are neurological emergencies. Acute bacterial meningitis may present with symptoms as nonspecific as headache and fever, but rapid progression to an altered level of consciousness is not unusual. Spinal epidural abscess manifests initially as back pain, followed by radicular pain, then weakness, and finally paraplegia. Brain abscess may initially present only with headache, or as a new-onset seizure or with a focal neurological deficit. Bacterial infections of the central nervous system require emergent diagnosis and management. In this article, the pathogenesis, etiological organisms, diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis and management of acute bacterial meningitis, spinal epidural abscess, and brain abscess are discussed.

scholarly journals Meningeal and Perivascular Macrophages of the Central Nervous System Play a Protective Role During Bacterial Meningitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 4644-4650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld M. J. Polfliet ◽  
Petra J. G. Zwijnenburg ◽  
A. Marceline van Furth ◽  
Tom van der Poll ◽  
Ed A. Döpp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Perivascular Macrophages ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of the Flexible Glycan Receptor Recognition by Mumps Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kubota ◽  
Rei Matsuoka ◽  
Tateki Suzuki ◽  
Koji Yonekura ◽  
Yusuke Yanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Glycan Array ◽  
Gm2 Ganglioside ◽  
Sialyl Lewis ◽  
Receptor Recognition ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Mumps virus (MuV) is an important aerosol-transmitted human pathogen causing epidemic parotitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and deafness. MuV preferentially uses a trisaccharide containing α2,3-linked sialic acid as a receptor. However, given the MuV tropism toward glandular tissues and the central nervous system, an additional glycan motif(s) may also serve as a receptor. Here, we performed a large-scale glycan array screen with MuV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN) attachment proteins by using 600 types of glycans from The Consortium for Functional Glycomics Protein-Glycan Interaction Core in an effort to find new glycan receptor motif(s). According to the results of the glycan array, we successfully determined the crystal structures of MuV-HN proteins bound to newly identified glycan motifs, sialyl LewisX (SLeX) and the oligosaccharide portion of the GM2 ganglioside (GM2-glycan). Interestingly, the complex structures showed that SLeX and GM2-glycan share the same configuration with the reported trisaccharide motif, 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), at the binding site of MuV-HN, while SLeX and GM2-glycan have several unique interactions compared with those of 3′-SL. Thus, MuV-HN protein can allow an additional spatial modification in GM2-glycan and SLeX at the second and third carbohydrates from the nonreducing terminus of the core trisaccharide structure, respectively. Importantly, MuV entry was efficiently inhibited in the presence of 3′-SL, SLeX, or GM2-glycan derivatives, which indicates that these motifs can serve as MuV receptors. The α2,3-sialylated oligosaccharides, such as SLeX and 3′-sialyllactosamine, are broadly expressed in various tissues, and GM2 exists mainly in neural tissues and the adrenal gland. The distribution of these glycan motifs in human tissues/organs may have bearing on MuV tropism. IMPORTANCE Mumps virus (MuV) infection is characterized by parotid gland swelling and can cause pancreatitis, orchitis, meningitis, and encephalitis. MuV-related hearing loss is also a serious complication because it is usually irreversible. MuV outbreaks have been reported in many countries, even in high-vaccine-coverage areas. MuV has tropism toward glandular tissues and the central nervous system. To understand the unique MuV tropism, revealing the mechanism of receptor recognition by MuV is very important. Here, using a large-scale glycan array and X-ray crystallography, we show that MuV recognizes sialyl LewisX and GM2 ganglioside as receptors, in addition to a previously reported MuV receptor, a trisaccharide containing an α2,3-linked sialic acid. The flexible recognition of these glycan receptors by MuV may explain the unique tropism and pathogenesis of MuV. Structures will also provide a template for the development of effective entry inhibitors targeting the receptor-binding site of MuV.

scholarly journals Tumours of the central nervous system and serum sialic acid concentration in men and women

1993 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Gatchev ◽  
L Råstam ◽  
G Lindberg ◽  
B Gullberg ◽  
GA Eklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Serum Sialic Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals High doses of cefotaxime in treatment of adult meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Viladrich ◽  
C Cabellos ◽  
R Pallares ◽  
F Tubau ◽  
J Martínez-Lacasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Doses

We treated nine patients (10 episodes) with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins with high doses of cefotaxime (300 mg/kg of body weight per day; maximum dose, 24 g/day). Early adjunctive therapy with dexamethasone was also administered. Cefotaxime MICs were 0.5 (three episodes), 1 (five episodes), and 2 (two episodes) micrograms/ml, and MBCs ranged from 1 to 4 micrograms/ml. Therapy was well tolerated, and all patients experienced prompt clinical improvement. One patient died 8 days after the end of therapy, the central nervous system infection had already been cured, and the remaining patients recovered without relapses.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity to Pneumococcal Infection of the Central Nervous System Depends on Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Klein ◽  
Bianca Obermaier ◽  
Barbara Angele ◽  
Hans‐Walter Pfister ◽  
Hermann Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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