scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Mycobacterium avium Isolates by Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and PCR

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2450-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Pestel-Caron ◽  
Gabriel Graff ◽  
Gilles Berthelot ◽  
Jean-Louis Pons ◽  
Jean-François Lemeland
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Region Ii ◽  
Laboratory Contamination

Genetic relationships among 46 isolates of Mycobacterium avium recovered from 37 patients in a 2,500-bed hospital from 1993 to 1998 were assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR amplification of genomic sequences located between the repetitive elements IS1245 and IS1311. Each technique enabled the identification of 27 to 32 different patterns among the 46 isolates, confirming that the genetic heterogeneity ofM. avium strains is high in a given community. Furthermore, this retrospective analysis of sporadic isolates allowed us (i) to suggest the existence of two remanent strains in our region, (ii) to raise the question of the possibility of nosocomial acquisition ofM. avium strains, and (iii) to document laboratory contamination. The methods applied in the present study were found to be useful for the typing of M. avium isolates. In general, both methods yielded similar results for both related and unrelated isolates. However, the isolates in five of the six PCR clusters were distributed among two to three PFGE patterns, suggesting that this PCR-based method may have limitations for the analysis of strains with low insertion sequence copy numbers or for resolution of extended epidemiologic relationships.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization ofMycobacterium aviumisolates recovered from humans and animals in Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Feizabadi ◽  
I. D. Robertson ◽  
D. V. Cousins ◽  
D. Dawson ◽  
W. Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis

SummaryGenetic relationships amongst 115 mainly Australian isolates ofMycobacterium aviumwere assessed using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). The isolates were divided into 58 electrophoretic types (ETs), with a mean genetic diversity of 0·29. Isolates from humans were closely related to but distinct from those cultured from birds, whilst some porcine isolates belonged to the same ETs as certain human isolates. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to differentiate related isolates, and those from birds and some from other animals, including pigs, were distinguished from the human isolates. The results of MEE and PFGE suggested that certain strains ofM. aviummay be transmitted between birds and pigs, but there was no clear evidence of transmission to humans. The serovar of theM. aviumisolates was not obviously related to their ET assignment or their PFGE type.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Cefoxitin and Clindamycin Resistance among Anaerobes in Taiwan

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2908-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Jene Teng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Shwu-Jen Liaw ◽  
Shen-Wu Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by measurement of MICs for 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered from patients with significant infections. Resistance rates varied among antimicrobial agents and the species tested. The β-lactams were more active in gram-positive than in gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to meropenem was low (<1%). For β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors, piperacillin-tazobactam was most active for all species (resistance, <6%). The rates of resistance to cefoxitin (31 to 65%) and clindamycin (50 to 70%) for non-Bacteroides fragilis species of the B. fragilis group were higher than those for B. fragilis (4% resistant to cefoxitin and 33% resistant to clindamycin). Among members of B. fragilis group, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was the most resistant to clindamycin (70%) and cefoxitin (65%). Rates of susceptibility to imipenem and metronidazole for B. fragilis continue to be high compared to those from a previous study 10 years ago. However, resistance to metronidazole was found recently in five strains of B. fragilis. We analyzed the genetic relationships among the metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains showed genotypic heterogeneity, excluding the dissemination of a single clone.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and PCR Characterization of Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains of Different Origins

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 6301-6304 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Suffredini ◽  
C. Lopez-Joven ◽  
L. Maddalena ◽  
L. Croci ◽  
A. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Intraspecies Variability ◽  
Different Origins

ABSTRACTThe present study used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization to examine the intraspecies variability and genetic relationships among environmental isolates ofVibrio parahaemolyticusfrom different European countries. This is first study performed on environmentalV. parahaemolyticusthat included more than one European country.

scholarly journals Emergence of OXA-48-Type Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in German Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2125-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Pfeifer ◽  
Kathrin Schlatterer ◽  
Elisabeth Engelmann ◽  
Reinhold A. Schiller ◽  
Hans Reiner Frangenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Point Mutant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTNine carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeisolates collected from eight patients in five German hospitals were investigated. Six isolates produced the OXA-48 carbapenemase, and three isolates produced OXA-162, which is a point mutant form of OXA-48. Both carbapenemase genes were located on IncL/M-type conjugative plasmids. Insertion sequence IS1999(truncated or not by IS1R) was located upstream of theblaOXA-48andblaOXA-162genes in all of the isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing indicated the clonal transmission of an OXA-48-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaestrain in two hospitals.

scholarly journals Contribution of AvianSalmonella entericaIsolates to Human Salmonellosis Cases in Constantine (Algeria)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Elgroud ◽  
Sophie A. Granier ◽  
Muriel Marault ◽  
Annaëlle Kerouanton ◽  
Abdesslem Lezzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Single Clone

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on one hundredSalmonellaisolates from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and human patients in the Constantine region of Algeria, in order to explore the contribution of avian strains to human salmonellosis cases in this region over the same period of time. The isolates were characterized by phenotypic as well as genotypic methods. A large variety of antimicrobial resistance profiles was found among human isolates, while only seven profiles were found among avian isolates. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), Insertion Sequence200-PCR (IS200-PCR), and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in the allocation of the isolates to 16, 20, and 34 different profiles, respectively. The 3 genotyping methods led to complementary results by underlining the clonality of some serovars with the diffusion and persistence of a single clone in the Constantine area as well as stressing the polymorphism present in isolates belonging to other serovars, indicating the diversity of potential reservoirs of nontyphoidalSalmonella. Altogether, our results seem to indicate that nontyphoidal avianSalmonellamay play an important role in human salmonellosis in the Constantine region.

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