scholarly journals Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients in Houston, Texas, by Spoligotyping

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Soini ◽  
Xi Pan ◽  
Amol Amin ◽  
Edward A. Graviss ◽  
Anees Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Epidemiology ◽  
New Information ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n= 1,429) from 1,283 patients collected as part of an ongoing population-based tuberculosis epidemiology study in Houston, Texas, were analyzed by spoligotyping and IS6110 profiling. The isolates were also assigned to one of three major genetic groups on the basis of nucleotide polymorphisms located at codons 463 and 95 in the genes (katG and gyrA) encoding catalase-peroxidase and the A subunit of DNA gyrase, respectively. A total of 225 spoligotypes were identified in the 1,429 isolates. There were 54 spoligotypes identified among 713 isolates (n= 623 patients) assigned to 73 IS6110 clusters. In addition, among 716 isolates (n = 660 patients) with unique IS6110 profiles, 200 spoligotypes were identified. No changes were observed either in the IS6110 profile or in the spoligotype for the 281 isolates collected sequentially from 133 patients. Five instances in which isolates with slightly different spoligotypes had the same IS6110 profile were identified, suggesting that in rare cases isolates with different spoligotypes can be clonally related. Spoligotypes correlated extremely well with major genetic group designations. Only three very similar spoligotypes were shared by isolates from genetic groups 2 and 3, and none was shared by group 1 and group 2 organisms or by group 1 and group 3 organisms. All organisms belonging to genetic groups 2 and 3 failed to hybridize with spacer probes 33 to 36. Taken together, the results support the existence of three distinct genetic groups of M. tuberculosis organisms and provide new information about the relationship between IS6110 profiles, spoligotypes, and major genetic groups of M. tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates belonging to katG gyrA group 2 are associated with clustered cases of tuberculosis in Italian patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dolzani ◽  
M. Rosato ◽  
B. Sartori ◽  
E. Banfi ◽  
C. Lagatolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Fifty-one consecutive isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, collected during a 2-year period in the north-east of Italy, were subjected to IS6110-RFLP analysis to detect the presence of clusters and assigned to one of the three genotypic groups delineated by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes katG and gyrA. All the isolates collected from the local population belonged to group 2 or 3, while group 1 isolates were found only in specimens collected from African immigrants. Clustered cases of tuberculosis, which are likely to be related to recently transmitted infection, were found to be significantly associated with katG gyrA group 2. In the local situation, strains belonging to this group may therefore present a higher risk of transmission.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Predictors of Physical Functioning in the Elderly: A National Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Milena Kostadinovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Petronic ◽  
Dragana Cirovic ◽  
Mirko Grajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Group 1

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sociodemographic factors with the presence and different degrees of walking difficulties in elderly above 65 years, and to analyze association between evaluated variables and the presence and degree of waking difficulties. In the population based study, 3540 individuals age above 65 years from Serbia were recruited. Further predictors were analyzed: gender, age, level of education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), index of well-being and place of residence. We assessed difficulty in walking half a km on level ground without the use of any aid (Group-1); and difficulty in walking up or down 12 steps (Group-2). Walking difficulties were categorized as no difficulty, some difficulty, a lot of difficulty and cannot do at all. For present difficulty significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-3.022)/Group-2 (OR-3.825)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.337)/Group-2 (OR-0.311)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.689)/Group-2 (OR-0.556)) and place of residence (Group-2 (OR-1.523)) while for non-performing the task, significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-1.998)/Group-2 (OR-2.096)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.629)/Group-2 (OR-0.495)), BMI (Group-1 (OR-1.219)/Group-2 (OR-1.305)), marital status (Group-1 (OR 0.764)/Group-2 (OR-0.769)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.679)/Group-2 (OR-0.719)) and index of well-being (Group-2 (OR-0.764)). Understanding of predictors, and their role on functional decline in elderly is of great importance for the development of specific population-based health programs to prevent further functional loss and preserve achieved functional gains.

scholarly journals Factors associated with rs1801394 of the methionine synthase reductase gene polymorphism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Krylov ◽  
G. I. Gridneva ◽  
Yu. V. Muravyev
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Clinical response to methotrexate (MT) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be predicted on the basis of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes, involved in folate metabolism. One of these SNPs is the rs1801394 (A66G) polymorphism of the methionine synthase reductase gene (MTRR). We investigated the association of this polymorphism with the clinical characteristics of RA patients after 6 months of MT therapy. Studies of the relationship between the response to MT therapy and the rs1801394 polymorphism have not been carried out in Russia previously.Objective: to study the possible association of the rs1801394 polymorphism with the clinical characteristics of patients with RA after 6 months of MT therapy.Patients and methods. The study included 60 patients with RA who met the ACR / EULAR criteria (2010) and received≥20 mg MT per week continuously. Based on the EULAR criteria, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=30) with a good (DAS28>1.2) and group 2 (n=30) with an unsatisfactory (DAS28 <1.2) response to MT therapy. Genotyping of the rs1801394 polymorphism was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. The frequency distribution of the A66G polymorphism genotypes in both groups was similar, however, in the 2nd group with an unsatisfactory response, there was a tendency towards a higher frequency of the mutant GG genotype (p=0.067). An association of the A66G polymorphism with gender and disease duration was found. In group 1, the AG genotype was more often detected in men than in women (p=0.017). In group 2, the AG genotype was also more common in men (p=0.075). In addition, in this group, carriers of the G allele (genotypes AG and GG) had a longer duration of the disease than carriers of the AA genotype (p=0.003 and p=0.005, respectively).Conclusion. In the present study, the relationship of the studied polymorphism rs1801394 of the MTRR gene with gender and duration of RA disease was established.

scholarly journals Differential B-Cell Responses Are Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE Antigens Rv1169c, Rv0978c, and Rv1818c

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeddula Narayana ◽  
Beenu Joshi ◽  
V. M. Katoch ◽  
Kanhu Charan Mishra ◽  
Kithiganahalli N. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT The multigene PE and PPE family represents about 10% of the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we report that three members of the PE family, namely, Rv1169c, Rv0978c, and Rv1818c, elicit a strong, but differential, B-cell humoral response among different clinical categories of tuberculosis patients. The study population (n = 211) was comprised of different clinical groups of both adult and child patients: group 1 (n = 94) patients with pulmonary infection, group 2 (n = 30) patients with relapsed infection, group 3 (n = 31) patients with extrapulmonary infections, and clinically healthy donors (n = 56). Among the PE proteins studied, group 1 adult patient sera reacted to Rv1818c and Rv0978c, while Rv1169c elicited immunoreactivity in group 3 children. However, all three PE antigens studied as well as the 19-kDa antigen did not demonstrate humoral reactivity with sera from group 2 patients with relapsed infection. The current study shows that while responsiveness to all three PE antigens is a good marker for M. tuberculosis infection, a strong response to Rv0978c or to Rv1818c by group 1 adult patients with pulmonary infection or largely restricted reactivity to Rv1169c antigen in child patients with extrapulmonary infections offers the possibility of differential utility in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals 1314. Neonatal Serum Gentamicin Concentrations following Maternal Once-daily Gentamicin Dosing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S669-S669
Author(s):  
Genene A Wilson ◽  
Allison Nelson ◽  
Palak Bhagat ◽  
Deborah Bondi ◽  
Pooja Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Gentamicin is commonly used for peripartum infections. Given literature supporting efficacy of once-daily dosing (ODD) of 5 mg/kg for chorioamnionitis, University of Chicago Medicine made the change from three times daily dosing (TIDD) to ODD. As gentamicin readily cross the placenta, it would be expected that maternal ODD would result in higher gentamicin neonatal serum concentrations following birth. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of all neonates born to mothers receiving peripartum ODD gentamicin within 12 hours of delivery between October 2019 and March 2020. A STAT random gentamicin serum concentration was obtained upon admission in neonates when initiation of antibiotics was desired. Specific dosing recommendations (Table 1) were developed utilizing neonatal population-based pharmacokinetics. The primary outcome was initial neonatal gentamicin serum concentration at birth. Other outcomes were also evaluated. Results were evaluated in two groups based on neonatal serum concentrations of less than 2 mcg/mL (Group 1) versus 2 mcg/mL or greater (Group 2). Table 1: Neonatal gentamicin dosing algorithm Results Thirty-two mother-newborn dyads were included in this study. Baseline demographics are shown in Table 2. Newborns had a median gestational age of 39.4 weeks and median birth weight of 3.39 kilograms. The mean initial gentamicin concentration was supratherapeutic at 3.06 + 1.92 mcg/mL among all newborns (Table 3). The mean maternal dose in Group 1 (n=11) was 3.52 mg/kg (3.34, 4.77) based on actual body weight and 4.78 mg/kg (4.34, 5.18) in Group 2 (n=21) (p=0.025). The median time between maternal gentamicin administration and time of delivery varied between the groups at 0.5 hours versus 2.63 hours, respectively (p=0.005). All newborn gentamicin concentrations were less than 2 mcg/mL for maternal doses given less than 1 hour prior to delivery (n=8) (Figure 1). Overall protocol compliance rate was 81.3%. There were no significant differences in nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity between groups. Table 2. Baseline Demographics Table 3. Outcomes Figure 1. Comparison of maternal gentamicin time from administration to delivery and neonatal serum gentamicin concentrations Conclusion This study suggests peripartum ODD of gentamicin may lead to clinically significant serum concentrations in neonates if administered between 1 to 12 hours of birth. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of maternal ODD of gentamicin on newborns. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Genotyping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated from Suspected Patients in Tehran in 2015-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Zaker ◽  
Hanie Bagherifard
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Iranian Studies ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background and Aims: Unlike many global efforts to eradicate tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium, it remains as a life-threatening infection with a worldwide incidence of 1.5 million cases each year. However, due to the lack of information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis characterization, more studies are required to evaluate strain diversity and epidemiology of tuberculosis to improve the therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to genotype the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from suspected patients in Tehran, Iran through 2015-2017.Materials and Methods: In the current study, 30 isolates (sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage and biopsy) were collected from different tuberculosis patients at Massoud Clinical Lab of Tehran from 2015 to 2017. To find the single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutated regions, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on all the isolates to amplify the katG and gyrA genes. Then, PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.Results: The majority of isolates were assigned to PGG2 (90%), followed by PGG3 (10%) but no isolate belonging to PGG1 was found.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a remarkable epidemiological pattern of tuberculosis in Tehran. In group 2, isolates showed a considerably higher frequency compared to isolates in group 3, which is consistent with other findings reported in Iran. However, in contrast to other Iranian studies, no isolated strains were categorized in principal PGG1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an In Vitro Assay for Gamma Interferon Production in Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Taggart ◽  
Harry R. Hill ◽  
Roland G. Ruegner ◽  
Thomas B. Martins ◽  
Christine M. Litwin
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT The tuberculin skin test (TST) is the “gold standard” for detecting infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We compared the TST using purified protein derivative to the QuantiFERON-TB test (QFT). Two groups were examined. Group 1 individuals (n = 66) (low risk) were at low risk for exposure to M. tuberculosis and were not Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccinated. Group 2 (n = 29) include individuals who were likely to have been exposed to a high prevalence of M. tuberculosis infections and were BCG vaccinated. Group 1 individuals were given a TST. Group 2 individuals were not given a TST because of possible adverse reactions. A 10- to 15-mm indurated area 48 h after TST was considered positive. A positive QFT result was defined as a significant gamma interferon response to M. tuberculosis antigen, Mycobacterium avium antigen, and a nonspecific mitogen stimulus and no response in the negative control. In group 1, 60 of 66 individuals (90.9%) were negative by both methods, and 1 person was positive by both methods. There was one QFT-negative, TST-positive case, one QFT-positive, TST-negative case, and three conditional QFT-positive, TST-negative cases. In group 2, 12 of 29 (41.4%) were positive by QFT and considered likely to be TST positive because of prior BCG vaccination. QFT testing in our low-risk group resulted in an agreement of 96.8%, a sensitivity of 50%, and a specificity of 98.4% compared with TST results. QFT testing with TST in low-risk groups can aid in the detection of latent M. tuberculosis infections.

scholarly journals Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Roziya Kuzibaeva ◽  
Valery Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Indication ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of Preterm birth (PB), depending on the mechanism of their occurrence in nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. Methods and Results: This retrospective, population-based cohort study included 327 nulliparous women who gave birth at 22-37 weeks gestation. Three groups of women were formed: Group 1 included 32 women with spontaneous PB, Group 2 included 115 women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and Group 3 included 180 women with medical indication for PB. The average age of the mothers for the whole group was 29.3±6.0 years. Depending on the gestational age, PB in 22-27 weeks occurred in 23(7.4%) cases, 28-33 weeks in 110(33.6%) cases, and 34-37 weeks in 194(59%) cases. In our cohort, the frequency of PB resulting from spontaneous PB, PROM or medical indication for PB was 9.8%, 35.2%, and 55%, respectively. The main risk factors for PB were preeclampsia of varying severity, placental abruption, placental insufficiency, and fetal growth retardation. The highest number of pregnancy complications was found in Group 3. Conclusion: PB in nulliparous women occurs more often in the period of 34-37 weeks, the main reason being medical indications (maternal or fetal). Attempts to analyze, interpret, and reduce the level of PB should be considered separately, depending on the mechanism of their occurrence.

scholarly journals Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Maria-Catalina Matei ◽  
Sanda Maria Andrei ◽  
Victoria Buza ◽  
Mihai Sorin Cernea ◽  
Daria Antonia Dumitras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
New Information ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Spore-based Bacillus spp. products are considered to have a higher probiotic potential compared to products containing only lactic acid bacteria because their viability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is higher, even when GI environmental conditions are unfavorable. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici spore-based potential probiotic on the natural levels of postprandial endotoxemia. A total of 11 dogs completed the study: group 1—healthy dogs: n = 5; group 2—dogs with apparent dysbiosis: n = 6. For 30 days, the dogs were fed the probiotic product; clinical examinations and blood sampling were done before and after completion of the probiotic treatment. Endotoxin levels were assessed pre-meal, 6 h and 12 h post-meal, before initiation and after completion of the treatment. The results showed a decrease in endotoxin levels after treatment, especially 12 h post-meal (group 1: 20.60%; group 2: 44.93%). This study reports new information with regard to natural endotoxemia levels in dogs and suggests that a multi-strain formula (spore-based) consisting of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and P. acidilactici is able to diminish endotoxin values.

scholarly journals TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
SAID AMIN ◽  
Muhammad USMAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD NOOR WAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Meningeal Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis inrapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Medical A unitHayat Abad Medical complex Peshawar from 1st September 2010 to 30th August 2011. Methodology: A total of 20 Patients having fever,constitutional symptoms (malaise, vague ill health, headache, vomiting), nuchal rigidity with altered mental and behavior changes weresuspected as TBM and hence included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on direct and indirect evidence of tuberculosisin central nervous system (CNS) of patients. Group1: Patients having direct evidence of mycobacterial infection in CNS as Acid Fast Bacillismear positive in CSF. Group 2: Patients with indirect evidence of TB in CNS in form of typical CSF findings of TBM, positive sputum smear forAcid fast bacilli (AFB) or computed tomographic (CT) Scan brain findings suggestive of TBM or evidence of TB in x-ray chest or family History oftuberculosis and/or history of contact with TB patients or positive Mantoux Test or evidence of TB elsewhere in the body. Results: Out of total 20patients, 3 (15%) belonged to Group 1 having direct evidence of TBM the remaining 17 (85%) patients belonged to Group 2. Female patientswere 60% while 40% patients were male. Mean age was 35.8 years. All patients had fever and headache. Productive cough was present in 40%patients. Thirty five percent had lost weight. Contact with TB patients was revealed in 35% patients. Signs of meningeal irritation were elicited in90% patients. Cranial nerve palsies were seen in 25% patients, 10% had hemiparesis while 35% had impairment of consciousness. X-ray chestwas normal in 65%.Computed tomographic scan was showing meningeal enhancement in 30% patients, hydrocephalus in 15% patients,meningeal enhancement plus hydrocephalus in 55% patients and infarct in 15% patients. Three patients were enrolled in group 1 and all hadPCR positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of 17 patient in group 2, 64% patients had positive CSF PCR. Conclusions: Tuberculousmeningitis is an important serious extrapulmonary complication of TB, related with high mortality and morbidity. The prompt and accuratediagnosis of TBM is a daunting challenge. CSF PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an excellent test for rapid diagnosis of TBM.

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