Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Ethiopian Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

The epidemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have been recognized as the most important factors contributing to increasing resurgence of tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV among tuberculosis patients and drug sensitivity pattern of some of the mycobacterial isolates. One hundred and sixty eight (168) sputum samples from tuberculosis patients attending Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kano were collected and processed for the presence of Mycobacteria. Blood samples of the patients were also screened for the presence of HIV. The drug susceptibility test (DST) was performed using the BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Inhibitory Test (MGIT) M960 technique. Results revealed that out of the 168 patients studied 24 (14.29%) were TB and HIV co-infected and 135 (68.88%) were males while 61 (31.12%) were females (P = 0.001). Majority of the studied cases were of the age groups 15-24 years and 25-34 years (P = 0.001). Ten (58.82%) of the 17 isolates that were subjected to DST against the first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) were found to be resistant against the various drugs to which they were tested; out of which 7 (41.17%) exhibited a primary drug resistance pattern, 3 (17.65%) exhibited acquired drug resistance pattern and 2 (11.74%) were multi-drug resistant TB. The highest drug resistance of 23.53% was recorded against isoniazid, followed by rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide each with a resistance of 17.65%. The study recommends screening of all TB patients for early diagnosis of HIV co-infection as well as conducting DST which will inform prompt management of the infected individuals and designing appropriate treatment schedule for effective TB/HV control as well as preventing transmission of drug resistant TB. Key words: Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Infection, Prevalence, Drug Susceptibility.

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Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.102.3.797 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 797-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Christopher P. Busillo ◽

Klaus-Dieter Lessnou ◽

Veraaf Sanjana ◽

Sarantos Soumakis ◽

Morton Davidson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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The Relevance of Biopsy in Tuberculosis Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.14-0656 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 636-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kyung Min Bae ◽

Na Ra Yun ◽

Sung-Chul Lim ◽

Dong-Min Kim ◽

Woo Jin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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Anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 804

Author(s):

Rakesh K. Yadav ◽

Raj K. ◽

Kachnar V. ◽

Manoj K. Mathur ◽

Amitabh D. Shukla

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽

Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Extra Pulmonary ◽

Citrullinated Peptide

Background: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been considered very specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have shown that these antibodies can be positive in infectious diseases like tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, etc.Methods: Eighty patients of tuberculosis both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and thirty patients of human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study from inpatient and outpatient departments from September 2018 to August 2019. Anti-CCP antibody test was done in all the patient by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Fifty-three patients were of pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 patients were human immunodeficiency virus infection. Of the 53 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 (39.6%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 32 (60.4%) cases were negative for the same. Of the 27 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(11.1%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 24 (88.9%) cases were negative. Of the 53 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 were sputum positive and 37 were sputum negative. Of those withsputum positive 9 (56.2%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and those with sputum negative, 12 (32.4%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. Of the 30 cases of human immunodeficiency virus, 5 (16.7%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 25 (83.3%) cases were negative.Conclusions: Anti-CCP can be positive in cases of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. Positivity of anti-CCP antibodies for tuberculosis is more for pulmonary (more for sputum-positive than sputum-negative) than extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Anti-CCP, thus is not very specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

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