scholarly journals A MicroRNA Encoded by Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Regulates Expression of Viral Gene ODV-E25

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (23) ◽  
pp. 13029-13034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiao Zhu ◽  
Jinwen Wang ◽  
Riqiang Deng ◽  
Peiwen Xiong ◽  
Hai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Autographa Californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Baculovirus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have been described inBombyx morinucleopolyhedrovirus; however, most of their functions remain unclear. Here we report the identification and characterization of an miRNA encoded byAutographa californicanucleopolyhedrovirus. The identified miRNA, AcMNPV-miR-1, perfectly matched a segment in the coding sequence of the viral gene ODV-E25 and downregulated ODV-E25 mRNA expression, which likely resulted in a reduction of infectious budded virions and accelerated the formation of occlusion-derived virions.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) Larval Hemolymph in Response to Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Differentially Resistant Strains

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Xin-yi Ding ◽  
Xue-yang Wang ◽  
Yun-hui Kong ◽  
Chun-xiao Zhao ◽  
Sheng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Larval Hemolymph ◽  
Autographa Californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a kind of pathogen that causes huge economic losses to silkworm production. Although Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and BmNPV are both baculoviruses, the host domains of these two viruses have almost no intersection in nature. Recently, it has been found that some silkworms could be infected by recombinant AcMNPV through a puncture, which provided valuable material for studying the infection mechanism of baculovirus to silkworm. In this study, comparative transcriptomics was used to analyse the hemolymph of two differentially resistant strains following AcMNPV inoculation. There were 678 DEGs in p50 and 515 DEGs in C108 following viral infection. Among them, the upregulation and downregulation of DEGs were similar in p50; however, the upregulated DEGs were nearly twice as numerous as the downregulated DEGs in C108. The DEGs in different resistant strains differed by GO enrichment. Based on KEGG enrichment, DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways in p50 and the apoptosis pathway in C108. Moreover, 13 genes involved in metabolic pathways and 11 genes involved in the apoptosis pathway were analysed. Among the DEGs involved in apoptosis, the function of BmTex261 in viral infection was analysed. The BmTex261 showed the highest expression in hemolymph and a significant response to viral infection in the hemolymph of C108, indicating that it is involved in anti-AcMNPV infection. This was further validated by the significantly decreased expression of viral gene lef3 after overexpression of BmTex261 in BmN cells. The results provide a theoretical reference for the molecular mechanism of resistance to BmNPV in silkworms.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Halotolerant, Cold-Active Marine Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase by Using Functional Metagenomics of Seaweed-Associated Microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4958-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolaine Martin ◽  
Sophie Biver ◽  
Sébastien Steels ◽  
Tristan Barbeyron ◽  
Murielle Jam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metagenomic Library ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Esterase Loci ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACTA metagenomic library was constructed from microorganisms associated with the brown algaAscophyllum nodosum. Functional screening of this library revealed 13 novel putative esterase loci and two glycoside hydrolase loci. Sequence and gene cluster analysis showed the wide diversity of the identified enzymes and gave an idea of the microbial populations present during the sample collection period. Lastly, an endo-β-1,4-glucanase having less than 50% identity to sequences of known cellulases was purified and partially characterized, showing activity at low temperature and after prolonged incubation in concentrated salt solutions.

scholarly journals Tannin Degradation by a Novel Tannase Enzyme Present in Some Lactobacillus plantarum Strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2991-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Jiménez ◽  
María Esteban-Torres ◽  
José Miguel Mancheño ◽  
Blanca de las Rivas ◽  
Rosario Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohol ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Tannin Degradation ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACTLactobacillus plantarumis frequently isolated from the fermentation of plant material where tannins are abundant.L. plantarumstrains possess tannase activity to degrade plant tannins. AnL. plantarumtannase (TanBLp, formerly called TanLp1) was previously identified and biochemically characterized. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel tannase (TanALp). While all 29L. plantarumstrains analyzed in the study possess thetanBLpgene, the genetanALpwas present in only four strains. Upon methyl gallate exposure, the expression oftanBLpwas induced, whereastanALpexpression was not affected. TanALpshowed only 27% sequence identity to TanBLp, but the residues involved in tannase activity are conserved. Optimum activity for TanALpwas observed at 30°C and pH 6 in the presence of Ca2+ions. TanALpwas able to hydrolyze gallate and protocatechuate esters with a short aliphatic alcohol substituent. Moreover, TanALpwas able to fully hydrolyze complex gallotannins, such as tannic acid. The presence of the extracellular TanALptannase in someL. plantarumstrains provides them an advantage for the initial degradation of complex tannins present in plant environments.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype Strain SBH163, Isolated in Sabah, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyres Jani ◽  
Siti Fatimah Abu Bakar ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mustapha ◽  
Chin Kai Ling ◽  
Roddy Teo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Beijing Genotype ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

This is a report on the whole-genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain SBH163, which was isolated from a patient in the Malaysian Borneo state of Sabah. This report provides insight into the molecular characteristics of an M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype strain related to strains from Russia and South Africa.

Identification and characterization of a novel endoglucanase (CMCase) isolated from the larval gut of Bombyx mori

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru-Jian Ma ◽  
Chun-Yan Wang ◽  
Yan-Wei Liu ◽  
Thasma Raman Sivakumar ◽  
Zi-Xu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Malonic Semialdehyde Reductase from the Archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus Is Involved in the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Otte ◽  
Achim Mall ◽  
Daniel M. Schubert ◽  
Martin Könneke ◽  
Ivan A. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metallosphaera Sedula ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACTThe recently described ammonia-oxidizing archaea of the phylumThaumarchaeotaare highly abundant in marine, geothermal, and terrestrial environments. All characterized representatives of this phylum are aerobic chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizers assimilating inorganic carbon via a recently described thaumarchaeal version of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. Although some genes coding for the enzymes of this cycle have been identified in the genomes ofThaumarchaeota, many other genes of the cycle are not homologous to the characterized enzymes from other species and can therefore not be identified bioinformatically. Here we report the identification and characterization of malonic semialdehyde reductase Nmar_1110 in the cultured marine thaumarchaeonNitrosopumilus maritimus. This enzyme, which catalyzes the reduction of malonic semialdehyde with NAD(P)H to 3-hydroxypropionate, belongs to the family of iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenases and is not homologous to malonic semialdehyde reductases fromChloroflexus aurantiacusandMetallosphaera sedula. It is highly specific to malonic semialdehyde (Km, 0.11 mM;Vmax, 86.9 μmol min−1mg−1of protein) and exhibits only low activity with succinic semialdehyde (Km, 4.26 mM;Vmax, 18.5 μmol min−1mg−1of protein). Homologues ofN. maritimusmalonic semialdehyde reductase can be found in the genomes of allThaumarchaeotasequenced so far and form a well-defined cluster in the phylogenetic tree of iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. We conclude that malonic semialdehyde reductase can be regarded as a characteristic enzyme for the thaumarchaeal version of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle.

Identification and Characterization of an Arginine Kinase as a Major Allergen from Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Larvae

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Lixin Xia ◽  
Yulan Wu ◽  
Qingyou Xia ◽  
Jiajie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Arginine Kinase ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Two Zinc Uptake Systems Contribute to the Full Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes during GrowthIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Corbett ◽  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Stephanie Schuler ◽  
Gloria Lopez-Castejon ◽  
Sarah Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zinc Sensing ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Cell Deletion

ABSTRACTWe report here the identification and characterization of two zinc uptake systems, ZurAM and ZinABC, in the intracellular pathogenListeria monocytogenes. Transcription of both operons was zinc responsive and regulated by the zinc-sensing repressor Zur. Deletion of eitherzurAMorzinAhad no detectable effect on growth in defined media, but a doublezurAM zinAmutant was unable to grow in the absence of zinc supplementation. Deletion ofzinAhad no detectable effect on intracellular growth in HeLa epithelial cells. In contrast, growth of thezurAMmutant was significantly impaired in these cells, indicating the importance of the ZurAM system during intracellular growth. Notably, the deletion of bothzinAandzurAMseverely attenuated intracellular growth, with the double mutant being defective in actin-based motility and unable to spread from cell to cell. Deletion of eitherzurAMorzinAhad a significant effect on virulence in an oral mouse model, indicating that both zinc uptake systems are importantin vivoand establishing the importance of zinc acquisition during infection byL. monocytogenes. The presence of two zinc uptake systems may offer a mechanism by whichL. monocytogenescan respond to zinc deficiency within a variety of environments and during different stages of infection, with each system making distinct contributions under different stress conditions.

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