scholarly journals Going Viral with Fluorescent Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (19) ◽  
pp. 9706-9708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Costantini ◽  
Erik L. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cell Interactions

Many longstanding questions about dynamics of virus-cell interactions can be answered by combining fluorescence imaging techniques with fluorescent protein (FP) tagging strategies. Successfully creating a FP fusion with a cellular or viral protein of interest first requires selecting the appropriate FP. However, while viral architecture and cellular localization often dictate the suitability of a FP, a FP's chemical and physical properties must also be considered. Here, we discuss the challenges of and offer suggestions for identifying the optimal FPs for studying the cell biology of viruses.

Illuminating subcellular structures and dynamics in plants: a fluorescent protein toolboxThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preetinder K. Dhanoa ◽  
Alison M. Sinclair ◽  
Robert T. Mullen ◽  
Jaideep Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Exciting Possibility ◽  
Selection Of

The discovery and development of multicoloured fluorescent proteins has led to the exciting possibility of observing a remarkable array of subcellular structures and dynamics in living cells. This minireview highlights a number of the more common fluorescent protein probes in plants and is a testimonial to the fact that the plant cell has not lagged behind during the live-imaging revolution and is ready for even more in-depth exploration.

scholarly journals Analysis of IFITM-IFITM Interactions by a Flow Cytometry-Based FRET Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Winkler ◽  
Florian Wrensch ◽  
Pascale Bosch ◽  
Maike Knoth ◽  
Michael Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions

The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins 1–3 (IFITM1–3) inhibit host cell entry of several viruses. However, it is incompletely understood how IFITM1–3 exert antiviral activity. Two phenylalanine residues, F75 and F78, within the intramembrane domain 1 (IM1) were previously shown to be required for IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions and for inhibition of viral entry, suggesting that IFITM/IFITM interactions might be pivotal to antiviral activity. Here, we employed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to analyze IFITM/IFITM interactions. For assay calibration, we equipped two cytosolic, non-interacting proteins, super yellow fluorescent protein (SYFP) and super cyan fluorescent protein (SCFP), with signals that target proteins to membrane rafts and also analyzed a SCFP-SYFP fusion protein. This strategy allowed us to discriminate background signals resulting from colocalization of proteins at membrane subdomains from signals elicited by protein–protein interactions. Coexpression of IFITM1–3 and IFITM5 fused to fluorescent proteins elicited strong FRET signals, and mutation of F75 and F78 in IFITM3 (mutant IFITM3-FF) abrogated antiviral activity, as expected, but did not alter cellular localization and FRET signals. Moreover, IFITM3-FF co-immunoprecipitated efficiently with wild type (wt) IFITM3, lending further support to the finding that lack of antiviral activity of IFITM3-FF was not due to altered membrane targeting or abrogated IFITM3-IFITM3 interactions. Collectively, we report an assay that allows quantifying IFITM/IFITM interactions. Moreover, we confirm residues F75 and F78 as critical for antiviral activity but also show that these residues are dispensable for IFITM3 membrane localization and IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions.

scholarly journals On-Site Monitoring of Postoperative Bile Leakage Using Bilirubin-Inducible Fluorescent Protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 4245-4253
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Kono ◽  
Takeaki Ishizawa ◽  
Norihiro Kokudo ◽  
Yugo Kuriki ◽  
Ryu J. Iwatate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Bile Leakage ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Site Monitoring ◽  
Real Time Identification ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Bile Leaks

Abstract Background Bile leakage is the most common postoperative complication associated with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Until now, however, a rapid, accurate diagnostic method for monitoring intraoperative and postoperative bile leakage had not been established. Method Bilirubin levels in drained abdominal fluids collected from 23 patients who had undergone hepatectomy (n = 22) or liver transplantation (n = 1) were measured using a microplate reader with excitation/emission wavelengths of 497/527 nm after applying 5 µM of UnaG to the samples. UnaG was also sprayed directly on hepatic raw surfaces in swine hepatectomy models to identify bile leaks by fluorescence imaging. Results The bilirubin levels measured by UnaG fluorescence imaging showed favorable correlations with the results of the conventional light-absorptiometric methods (indirect bilirubin: rs = 0.939, p < 0.001; direct bilirubin: rs = 0.929, p < 0.001). Approximate time required for bilirubin measurements with UnaG was 15 min, whereas it took about 40 min with the conventional method at a hospital laboratory. Following administration of UnaG on hepatic surfaces, the fluorescence imaging identified bile leaks not only on the resected specimens but also in the abdominal cavity of the swine hepatectomy models. Conclusion Fluorescence imaging techniques using UnaG may enable real-time identification of bile leaks during hepatectomy and on-site rapid diagnosis of bile leaks after surgery.

scholarly journals Quantification of very low-abundant proteins in bacteria using the HaloTag and epi-fluorescence microscopy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Lepore ◽  
Hannah Taylor ◽  
Dirk Landgraf ◽  
Burak Okumus ◽  
Sebastián Jaramillo-Riveri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Endogenous Proteins ◽  
Photo Stability ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTCell biology is increasingly dependent on quantitative methods resulting in the need for microscopic labelling technologies that are highly sensitive and specific. Whilst the use of fluorescent proteins has led to major advances, they also suffer from their relatively low brightness and photo-stability, making the detection of very low abundance proteins using fluorescent protein-based methods challenging. Here, we characterize the use of the self-labelling protein tag called HaloTag, in conjunction with an organic fluorescent dye, to label and accurately count endogenous proteins present in very low numbers (<7) in individualEscherichia colicells. This procedure can be used to detect single molecules in fixed cells with conventional epifluorescence illumination and a standard microscope. We show that the detection efficiency of proteins labelled with the HaloTag is ≥80%, which is on par or better than previous techniques. Therefore, this method offers a simple and attractive alternative to current procedures to detect low abundance molecules.

scholarly journals mCherry contains a fluorescent protein isoform that interferes with its reporter function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Fages-Lartaud ◽  
Lisa Tietze ◽  
Florence Elie ◽  
Rahmi Lale ◽  
Martin Frank Hohmann-Marriott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Translation Initiation Site ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Red Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Protein Isoform

AbstractFluorescent proteins are essential reporters in cell biology and molecular biology. Here, we reveal that red-fluorescent proteins possess an alternative translation initiation site that produces a short functional protein isoform. The short isoform creates significant background fluorescence that biases the outcome of expression studies. Our investigation identifies the short protein isoform, traces its origin, and determines the extent of the issue within the family of red fluorescent protein. Our analysis shows that the short isoform defect of the red fluorescent protein family may affect the interpretation of many published studies. Finally, we provide a re-engineered mCherry variant that lacks background expression as an improved tool for imaging and protein expression studies.

scholarly journals Far-red fluorescent tags for protein imaging in living tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 418 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shcherbo ◽  
Christopher S. Murphy ◽  
Galina V. Ermakova ◽  
Elena A. Solovieva ◽  
Tatiana V. Chepurnykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Tags ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Fluorescent Tag

A vast colour palette of monomeric fluorescent proteins has been developed to investigate protein localization, motility and interactions. However, low brightness has remained a problem in far-red variants, which hampers multicolour labelling and whole-body imaging techniques. In the present paper, we report mKate2, a monomeric far-red fluorescent protein that is almost 3-fold brighter than the previously reported mKate and is 10-fold brighter than mPlum. The high-brightness, far-red emission spectrum, excellent pH resistance and photostability, coupled with low toxicity demonstrated in transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos, make mKate2 a superior fluorescent tag for imaging in living tissues. We also report tdKatushka2, a tandem far-red tag that performs well in fusions, provides 4-fold brighter near-IR fluorescence compared with mRaspberry or mCherry, and is 20-fold brighter than mPlum. Together, monomeric mKate2 and pseudo-monomeric tdKatushka2 represent the next generation of extra-bright far-red fluorescent probes offering novel possibilities for fluorescent imaging of proteins in living cells and animals.

scholarly journals SOFIevaluator: a strategy for the quantitative quality assessment of SOFI data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamien Moeyaert ◽  
Wim Vandenberg ◽  
Peter Dedecker
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sample Structure ◽  
Imaging Conditions

AbstractSuper-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques allow optical imaging of specimens beyond the diffraction limit of light. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) relies on computational analysis of stochastic blinking events to obtain a super-resolved image. As with some other super-resolution methods, this strong dependency on computational analysis can make it difficult to gauge how well the resulting images reflect the underlying sample structure. We herein report SOFIevaluator, an unbiased and parameter-free algorithm for calculating a set of metrics that describes the quality of super-resolution fluorescence imaging data for SOFI. We additionally demonstrate how SOFIevaluator can be used to identify fluorescent proteins that perform well for SOFI imaging under different imaging conditions.

Studying the Cell Biology of Apicomplexan Parasites Using Fluorescent Proteins

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Jan Gubbels ◽  
Boris Striepen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The ability to transfect Apicomplexan parasites has revolutionized the study of this important group of pathogens. The function of specific genes can be explored by disruption of the locus or more subtly by introduction of altered or tagged versions. Using the transgenic reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP), cell biological processes can now be studied in living parasites and in real time. We review recent advances made using GFP-based experiments in the understanding of protein trafficking, organelle biogenesis, and cell division inToxoplasma gondiiandPlasmodium falciparum. A technical section provides a collection of basic experimental protocols for fluorescent protein expression inT. gondii. The combination of thein vivomarker GFP with an increasingly diverse genetic toolbox forT. gondiiopens many exciting experimental opportunities, and emerging applications of GFP in genetic and pharmacological screens are discussed.

scholarly journals CFP and YFP, but Not GFP, Provide Stable Fluorescent Marking of Rat Hepatic Adult Stem Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouzbeh R. Taghizadeh ◽  
James L. Sherley
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The stable expression of reporter genes in adult stem cells (ASCs) has important applications in stem cell biology. The ability to integrate a noncytotoxic, fluorescent reporter gene into the genome of ASCs with the capability to track ASCs and their progeny is particularly desirable for transplantation studies. The use of fluorescent proteins has greatly aided the investigations of protein and cell function on short-time scales. In contrast, the obtainment of stably expressing cell strains with low variability in expression for studies on longer-time scales is often problematic. We show that this difficulty is partly due to the cytotoxicity of a commonly used reporter, green fluorescent protein (GFP). To avoid GFP-specific toxicity effects during attempts to stably mark a rat hepatic ASC strain and, therefore, obtain stable, long-term fluorescent ASCs, we evaluated cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), in addition to GFP. Although we were unable to derive stable GFP-expressing strains, stable fluorescent clones (up to 140 doublings) expressing either CFP or YFP were established. When fluorescently marked ASCs were induced to produce differentiated progeny cells, stable fluorescence expression was maintained. This property is essential for studies that track fluorescently marked ASCs and their differentiated progeny in transplantation studies.

scholarly journals Nuclear Import Analysis of Two Different Fluorescent Marker Proteins into Hepatocyte Cell Lines (HuH-7 Cell)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
Michael Kann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Marker Protein ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Protein Fusion ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Localization Study

The application of fluorescent proteins as expression markers and protein fusion partners has provedimmensely valuable for resolving the organization of biological events in living cells. EGFP and DsRed2 arecommonly fluorescent marker protein which is used for biotechnology and cell biology research. The presentstudy was designed to identify the expression vector that suitable to ligate with DNA encoding HBV coreprotein for intracellular localization study in hepatocyte cell, which were expressed as fusion proteins. We alsocompared and quantified the expressed fluorescent protein which predominantly localized in the cellcompartment. The results indicated that DsRed2 shown as less than ideal for intracellular localization study ofthan EGFP, because of its tetrameric structure of the fluorescent protein and when fused to a protein of interest,the fusion protein often forms aggregates in the living cells. In contrast, EGFP fluorescent protein shown a muchhigher proportion of cytoplasmic localization, thus being more suitable for analysis of intracellular localizationthan DsRed2 fluorescent protein. EGFP fluorescent protein is also capable to produce a strong green fluorescencewhen excited by blue light, without any exogenously added substrate or cofactor, events inside living cell canthus be visualized in a non-invasive way. Based on our present quantitative data and some reasons above shownthat EGFP is more suitable than DsRed2 as a fluorescent marker protein for intracellular localization study intoHuH-7 cell.Keywords: EGFP, DsRed2 fluorescent protein , HuH-7 cell, HBV, intracellular localization

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