A mutation in the gene encoding the vaccinia virus 37,000-M(r) protein confers resistance to an inhibitor of virus envelopment and release.

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 3435-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schmutz ◽  
L G Payne ◽  
J Gubser ◽  
R Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Gene Encoding

The gene encoding the late nonstructural 36K protein of vaccinia virus is essential for virus reproduction

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei N. Shchelkunov ◽  
Olga I. Ryazankina ◽  
Peter V. Gashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Virus Reproduction

scholarly journals DNA sequence of the gene encoding a major secreted protein of vaccinia virus, strain Lister

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2013-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Patel ◽  
D. F. Gaffney ◽  
J. H. Subak-Sharpe ◽  
N. D. Stow
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Vaccinia Virus Strain

scholarly journals High-Frequency Genetic Recombination and Reactivation of Orthopoxviruses from DNA Fragments Transfected into Leporipoxvirus-Infected Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 7281-7290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dan Yao ◽  
David H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Plaque Purification ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Clone And Express ◽  
Recombination Reactions ◽  
Multiple Pcr

ABSTRACT Poxvirus DNA is not infectious because establishing an infection requires the activities of enzymes packaged in the virion. This barrier can be overcome by transfecting virus DNA into cells previously infected with another poxvirus, since the resident virus can provide the trans-acting systems needed to reactivate transfected DNA. In this study we show that cells infected with a leporipoxvirus, Shope fibroma virus (SFV), can reactivate vaccinia virus DNA. Similar heterologous packaging systems which used fowlpox-infected cells to reactivate vaccinia virus have been described, but SFV-infected cells promoted a far more efficient reaction that can produce virus titers exceeding 106 PFU/μg of transfected DNA. SFV-promoted reactions also exploit the hyperrecombinogenic systems previously characterized in SFV-infected cells, and these coupled recombination and reactivation reactions could be used to delete nonessential regions of the vaccinia virus genome and to reconstruct vaccinia virus from overlapping DNA fragments. SFV-catalyzed recombination reactions need only two 18- to 20-bp homologies to target PCR amplicons to restriction enzyme-cut vaccinia virus vectors, and this reaction feature was used to rapidly clone and express a gene encoding fluorescent green protein without the need for plaque purification or selectable markers. The ability of SFV-infected cells to reactivate fragments of vaccinia virus was ultimately limited by the number of recombinational exchanges required and one cannot reconstruct vaccinia virus from multiple PCR fragments spanning essential portions of the genome. These observations suggest that recombination is an integral part of poxvirus reactivation reactions and provide a useful new technique for altering the structure of poxvirus genomes.

scholarly journals Vaccinia virus immune evasion: mechanisms, virulence and immunogenicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 2367-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey L. Smith ◽  
Camilla T. O. Benfield ◽  
Carlos Maluquer de Motes ◽  
Michela Mazzon ◽  
Stuart W. J. Ember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response ◽  
New Hosts

Virus infection of mammalian cells is sensed by pattern recognition receptors and leads to an innate immune response that restricts virus replication and induces adaptive immunity. In response, viruses have evolved many countermeasures that enable them to replicate and be transmitted to new hosts, despite the host innate immune response. Poxviruses, such as vaccinia virus (VACV), have large DNA genomes and encode many proteins that are dedicated to host immune evasion. Some of these proteins are secreted from the infected cell, where they bind and neutralize complement factors, interferons, cytokines and chemokines. Other VACV proteins function inside cells to inhibit apoptosis or signalling pathways that lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, these VACV immunomodulatory proteins are described and the potential to create more immunogenic VACV strains by manipulation of the gene encoding these proteins is discussed.

Identification and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding a surface antigen induced by vaccinia virus

Virology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Ueda ◽  
Shigeru Morikawa ◽  
Yoshiharu Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Gene Encoding

scholarly journals Construction of a bivalent vaccine against anthrax and smallpox using the attenuated vaccinia virus KVAC103

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deok Bum Park ◽  
Bo-Eun Ahn ◽  
Ho Sun Son ◽  
Young-Ran Lee ◽  
Yu-Ri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Interleukin 15 ◽  
Vaccinia Virus Strain

Abstract Background: Anthrax and smallpox are high-risk infectious diseases, and considered as potential agents for bioterrorism. To develop an effective countermeasure for these diseases, we constructed a bivalent vaccine against both anthrax and smallpox by integrating a gene encoding protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis to the genome of the attenuated vaccinia virus strain, KVAC103.Results: Immunization with this bivalent vaccine induced antibodies against both PA and vaccinia virus in a mouse model. We also observed that the efficacy of this vaccine can be enhanced by combined immunization with immunoadjuvant-expressing KVAC103. Mouse groups co-immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 and either interleukin-15 (IL-15) or cholera toxin subunit A (CTA1)-expressing KVAC103 showed increased anti-PA IgG titer and survival rate against B. anthracis spore challenge compared to the group immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 alone.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the attenuated smallpox vaccine KVAC103 is an available platform for a multivalent vaccine and co-immunization of immunoadjuvants can improve vaccine performance.

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