scholarly journals Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot locus from Drosophila melanogaster.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2498-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Zachar ◽  
D Garza ◽  
T B Chou ◽  
J Goland ◽  
P M Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
New Mutations

We report genetic and molecular analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(wa)] locus, one of several retrotransposon insertion allele-specific suppressor loci in Drosophila melanogaster. First, we isolated and characterized eight new mutations allelic to the original su(wa)1 mutation. These studies demonstrated that su(wa) mutations allelic to su(wa)1 affected a conventional D. melanogaster complementation group. Second, we cloned the chromosomal region containing the su(wa) complementation group by P element transposon tagging. The ca. 14-kilobase region surrounding the su(wa) complementation group contained five distinct transcription units, each with a different developmentally programmed pattern of expression. Third, we used a modified procedure for P-mediated gene transfer to identify the transcription unit corresponding to su(wa) by gene transfer. Fourth, we found that the presumptive su(wa) transcription unit produced a family of transcripts (ranging from ca. 3.5 to ca. 5.2 kilobases) in all developmental stages, tissue fractions, and cell lines we examined, suggesting that the gene is universally expressed.

Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot locus from Drosophila melanogaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2498-2505
Author(s):  
Z Zachar ◽  
D Garza ◽  
T B Chou ◽  
J Goland ◽  
P M Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
New Mutations

We report genetic and molecular analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(wa)] locus, one of several retrotransposon insertion allele-specific suppressor loci in Drosophila melanogaster. First, we isolated and characterized eight new mutations allelic to the original su(wa)1 mutation. These studies demonstrated that su(wa) mutations allelic to su(wa)1 affected a conventional D. melanogaster complementation group. Second, we cloned the chromosomal region containing the su(wa) complementation group by P element transposon tagging. The ca. 14-kilobase region surrounding the su(wa) complementation group contained five distinct transcription units, each with a different developmentally programmed pattern of expression. Third, we used a modified procedure for P-mediated gene transfer to identify the transcription unit corresponding to su(wa) by gene transfer. Fourth, we found that the presumptive su(wa) transcription unit produced a family of transcripts (ranging from ca. 3.5 to ca. 5.2 kilobases) in all developmental stages, tissue fractions, and cell lines we examined, suggesting that the gene is universally expressed.

scholarly journals The unusual spectrum of mutations induced by hybrid dysgenesis at the Triplo-lethal locus of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Dorer ◽  
A C Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Rare Class ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Hypomorphic Alleles ◽  
Redundant Functions ◽  
New Mutations

Abstract The Triplo-lethal locus (Tpl) is unique in its dosage sensitivity; no other locus in Drosophila has been identified that is lethal when present in three doses. Tpl is also haplo-lethal, and its function is still a mystery. Previous workers have found it nearly impossible to mutationally inactive Tpl other than by completely deleting the chromosomal region in which Tpl resides (83DE). We have utilized P-M hybrid dysgenesis in an effort to obtain new mutations of Tpl. We recovered 19 new duplications of Tpl, 15 hypomorphic mutations of Tpl (a previously rare class of mutation), and no null mutations. Surprisingly, 14 of the 15 hypomorphic alleles have no detectable P element sequences at the locus. The difficulty in recovering null mutations in Tpl suggests that it may be a complex locus, perhaps consisting of several genes with redundant functions. The relative ease with which we recovered hypomorphic alleles is in sharp contrast to previous attempts by others to mutagenize Tpl. A higher mutation rate with hybrid dysgenesis than with radiation or chemicals also suggests a peculiar genetic organization for the locus.

scholarly journals A genetic and molecular analysis of the 46C chromosomal region surrounding the FMRFamide neuropeptide gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
M A O'Brien ◽  
M S Roberts ◽  
P H Taghert
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Gene Maps

Abstract We have analyzed the FMRFamide neuropeptide gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. This gene maps to the 46C region of chromosome 2R; this interval previously was not well characterized. For this genetic and molecular analysis, we have used X-ray mutagenesis, EMS mutagenesis, and the recently reported local P element transposition method. We identified four overlapping deletions, two of which have proximal breakpoints that define a 50-60-kb region surrounding the FMRFamide gene in 46C. To this small region, we mapped three lethal complementation groups; 10 additional lethal complementation groups were mapped to more distal regions of 46CD. One of these groups corresponds to even-skipped, the other 12 are previously unidentified. Using various lines of evidence we excluded the possibility that FMRFamide corresponds to any of the three lethal complementation groups mapping to its immediate 50-60-kb vicinity. The positions of two of the three lethal complementation groups were identified with P elements using a local transposition scheme. The third lethal complementation group was excluded as being FMRFamide mutants by sequence analysis and by immunocytochemistry with proFMRFamide precursor-specific antibodies. This analysis has (1) provided a genetic map of the 46CD chromosomal region and a detailed molecular map of a portion of the 46C region and (2) provided additional evidence of the utility of local transposition for targeting nearby genes.

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster ovo locus, a gene required for sex determination of germline cells.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-803
Author(s):  
M D Garfinkel ◽  
A R Lohe ◽  
A P Mahowald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Germline Cells ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Female Germline

Abstract The Drosophila melanogaster ovo gene is required for survival and differentiation of female germline cells, apparently playing a role in germline sex determination. We recovered 60 kb of genomic DNA from its genetic location at 4E1,2 on the X chromosome. A transcription unit coding for an apparently female-specific germline-dependent 5-kb poly(A)+ RNA size class is located substantially in a 7-kb region, within which three DNA-detectable lesions for mutations that inactivate the ovo function are located at two sites approximately 4 kb apart. The breakpoint of a deficiency that removes the neighboring lethal complementation group shavenbaby (svb) but leaves the ovo function intact maps approximately 5 kb to the molecular left of the leftmost ovo mutant site. A class of mutations that inactivates both the svb function and the ovo function affects genomic DNA between the two ovo sites. Sequences required for the two genetic functions are partly overlapping. In spite of this overlap, P element-mediated gene transfer of a 10-kb genomic DNA segment containing the 5-kb poly(A)+ RNA transcription unit rescues the female sterility phenotypes of ovo mutations, but not the svb lethality.

scholarly journals HETEROGENEITY OF LETHALS IN A "SIMPLE" LETHAL COMPLEMENTATION GROUP

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Frank C Janca ◽  
Effie P Woloshyn ◽  
David Nash
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Genetic Organization ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
New Mutations

ABSTRACT Of 24 ethyl methanesulphonate-induced, recessive-lethal mutations in the region 9E1-9F13 of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, eight fall into a typically homogeneous lethal complementation group associated with the raspberry (ras) locus. Mutations in this group have previously been shown to be pleiotropic, affecting not only ras but also two other genetic entities, gua1 and pur1, which yield auxotrophic mutations.—The eight new mutations have been characterized phenotypically in double heterozygotes with gua1, pur1 and ras mutations. Despite their homogeneity in lethal complementation tests, the mutations prove quite diverse. For example, two mutations have little or no effect on eye color in double heterozygotes with ras  2. The differences between the lethals are allele-specific and cannot be explained as a trivial outcome of a hypomorphic series.—Taken alone, the lethal complementation studies mask the complexity of the locus and the diversity of its recessive lethal alleles. By extension, we argue that the general use of lethal saturation studies provides an unduly simplified image of genetic organization. We suggest that the reason why recessive lethal mutations rarely present complex complementation patterns is that complex loci tend to produce mutations that affect several subfunctions.

scholarly journals A selective screen to recover chromosomal deletions and duplications in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
D Gubb ◽  
S McGill ◽  
M Ashburner
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Genomic Clones ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Chromosomal Deletions ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Insertion Sites

Abstract A screen is described that will select for breakpoints within a restricted chromosomal region in Drosophila. The aberrations recovered can be used to construct chromosomes carrying synthetic duplications and deletions. Such chromosomes have applications in the mapping of complementation groups at both the genetic and molecular level. In particular, breakpoints recovered after P element hybrid dysgenesis tend to be associated with P element insertion sites. Such aberration breakpoints can be genetically mapped, as synthetic deletions, and then used as transposon-tagged sites for the recovery of genomic clones.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the prune locus of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
D H Teng ◽  
L B Bender ◽  
C M Engele ◽  
S Tsubota ◽  
T Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
P Element ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Pigment Biosynthesis ◽  
Adult Head

Abstract The complementary lethal interaction between the prune (pn) and Killer of prune loci of Drosophila melanogaster is an unusual and highly specific phenomenon. A lesion in pn results in a brownish-purple color of the compound eyes, while the conditional dominant Killer of prune mutation exhibits no phenotype by itself. However, a hemizygous or homozygous pn mutant carrying a copy of the Killer of prune gene dies during the late second to third instar stage of larval development. As a step toward understanding the molecular nature of this lethality and the role of pn in pigment biosynthesis, we have cloned the pn locus by using a transposon tag in the P element-induced allele, pn38. In addition, seven independent revertant lines were generated by the remobilization of transposons in pn38. The pn gene is located in a region that is transcriptionally active, and the isolated cDNAs that correspond to this area fall into three transcription units: I, II and III. Southern analysis shows that the restriction fragment length polymorphisms in five pn alleles are localized within a 1.2-kilobase genomic fragment, of which only transcription unit II is a part. The cDNA of this unit recognizes 1.65- and 1.8-kilobase messages in wild-type Drosophila adult head and body tissues that are absent or extremely reduced in pn mutants. Taken together, the results suggest that transcription unit II defines a part of the pn locus and its cDNA encodes a putative structural gene of pn.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ANTENNAPEDIA GENE COMPLEX (ANT-C) AND ADJACENT CHROMOSOMAL REGIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. POLYTENE CHROMOSOME SEGMENTS 84A–84B1,2

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
R A Lewis ◽  
B T Wakimoto ◽  
R E Denell ◽  
T C Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
New Alleles ◽  
New Mutations

ABSTRACT The existence of a gene complex in the proximal right arm of chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster involved in the development of the head and thorax was originally suggested by the phenotypes of several dominant homoeotic mutations and their revertants. A screen for mutations utilizing Df(3R) AntpNS+R17 (proximally broken in salivary region 84B1,2) yielded, among 102 recovered mutations, 17 localized by deficiency mapping to the putative homoeotic cluster. These fell into four complementation groups, two of which were characterized by homoeotic phenotypes. To explore the limits of the Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C) more proximally, a second screen has been undertaken utilizing Df(3R)Scr, a deficiency of 84A1-B1,2.——Of 2832 chromosomes screened, 21 bearing alterations localized to polytene interval 84A-84B1,2 have been recovered. Sixteen are recessive lethals, and five showing reduced viability display a visible phenotype in surviving individuals. Complementation and phenotypic analyses revealed four complementation groups proximal to those identified in the previous screen, including two new alleles of the recessive homoeotic mutation, proboscipedia (pb). Ten of the new mutations correspond to complementation groups defined previously in the Df(3R)AntpNS+R17 screen, four to the EbR11 group, two to the Scr group and four to the Antp group.——On the basis of the phenotypes of the 39 mutations localized to this region, plus their interactions with extant homoeotic mutations, we postulate that there are at least five functional sites comprising the ANT-C. Three have been demonstrated to he homoeotic in nature. The specific homoeotic transformations thus far observed suggest that these loci are critical for normal development of adult labial, maxillary and thoracic structures.

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