scholarly journals First Report of blaVIM-4- and mcr-9-Coharboring Enterobacter Species Isolated from a Pediatric Patient

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan D. Chavda ◽  
Lars F. Westblade ◽  
Michael J. Satlin ◽  
Andrew C. Hemmert ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report ◽  
Insertion Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enterobacter Hormaechei

ABSTRACT An Enterobacter hormaechei isolate harboring blaVIM-4 and mcr-9 was recovered from a pediatric patient in a U.S. hospital. The blaVIM-4 and mcr-9 genes are carried on the same IncH12 plasmid, pME-1a. The isolate tested susceptible to colistin, without observed induction of colistin resistance. The mcr-9 gene is located between two insertion elements, IS903 and IS1, but lacks the downstream regulatory genes (qseC and qseB) found in other isolates that harbor mcr-9. IMPORTANCE We describe the complete genome assembly and sequence of a clinical Enterobacter isolate harboring both blaVIM-4 and mcr-9 recovered from a pediatric patient in the United States with a history of travel to Egypt. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an Enterobacter isolate harboring both blaVIM-4 and mcr-9 from the United States. The blaVIM-4 and mcr-9 genes are carried on the same IncH12 plasmid, pME-1a. The isolate tested susceptible to colistin, without observed induction of colistin resistance. The mcr-9 gene is located between two insertion elements, IS903 and IS1, but lacks the downstream regulatory genes (qseC and qseB) found in other isolates that harbor mcr-9.

scholarly journals Serotype and Genotype (Multilocus Sequence Type) ofStreptococcus suisIsolates from the United States Serve as Predictors of Pathotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
April A. Estrada ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk ◽  
Stephanie Rossow ◽  
Aaron Rendahl ◽  
Connie Gebhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTStreptococcus suisis a significant cause of mortality in piglets and growing pigs worldwide. The species contains pathogenic and commensal strains, with pathogenic strains causing meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, polyserositis, and septicemia. Serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are primary methods to differentiate strains, but the information is limited for strains found in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of 208S. suisisolates collected between 2014 and 2017 across North America (mainly the United States) by serotyping and MLST and to investigate associations between subtype and pathotype classifications (pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal), based on clinical information and site of isolation. Twenty serotypes were identified, and the predominant serotypes were 1/2 and 7. Fifty-eight sequence types (STs) were identified, and the predominant ST was ST28. Associations among serotypes, STs, and pathotypes were investigated using odds ratio and clustering analyses. Evaluation of serotype and ST with pathotype identified a majority of isolates of serotypes 1, 1/2, 2, 7, 14, and 23 and ST1, ST13, ST25, ST28, ST29, ST94, ST108, ST117, ST225, ST373, ST961, and ST977 as associated with the pathogenic pathotype. Serotypes 21 and 31, ST750, and ST821 were associated with the commensal pathotype, which is composed of isolates from farms with no known history ofS. suis-associated disease. Our study demonstrates the use of serotyping and MLST to differentiate pathogenic from commensal isolates and establish links between pathotype and subtype, thus increasing the knowledge aboutS. suisstrains circulating in the United States.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Harboring mcr-1 in a Cluster of Liver Transplant Recipients: Detection through Active Surveillance and Whole-Genome Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Macesic ◽  
Sabrina Khan ◽  
Marla J. Giddins ◽  
Daniel E. Freedberg ◽  
Susan Whittier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

ABSTRACT mcr-1, a plasmid-associated gene for colistin resistance, was first described in China in 2015, but its spread in the United States is unknown. We report detection of mcr-1-carrying Escherichia coli ST117 in a cluster of three liver transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization by Using Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasmids ContainingblaNDM-7in Enterobacteriaceae from Calgary, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
G. Peirano ◽  
T. Lynch ◽  
K. D. Chavda ◽  
D. B. Gregson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Enterobacter Hormaechei ◽  
Generation Sequencing

EnterobacteriaceaewithblaNDM-7are relatively uncommon and had previously been described in Europe, India, the United States, and Japan. This study describes the characteristics ofEnterobacteriaceae(Klebsiella pneumoniae[n= 2],Escherichia coli[n= 2],Serratia marcescens[n= 1], andEnterobacter hormaechei[n= 1] isolates) withblaNDM-7obtained from 4 patients from Calgary, Canada, from 2013 to 2014. The 46,161-bp IncX3 plasmids withblaNDM-7are highly similar to otherblaNDM-harboring IncX3 plasmids and, interestingly, showed identical structures within the different isolates. This finding may indicate horizontal transmission within our health region, or it may indicate contact with individuals from areas of endemicity within the hospital setting. Patients infected or colonized with bacteria containingblaNDM-7IncX3 plasmids generate infection control challenges. Epidemiological and molecular studies are required to better understand the dynamics of transmission, the risk factors, and the reservoirs for bacteria harboringblaNDM-7. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report ofS. marcescensandE. hormaecheiwithblaNDM-7.

scholarly journals Definitive Identification of Laribacter hongkongensis Acquired in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 2385-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope A. Beilfuss ◽  
David Quig ◽  
Mary Ann Block ◽  
Paul C. Schreckenberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laribacter Hongkongensis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Traveler's Diarrhea

Laribacter hongkongensisis a potential emerging pathogen associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. We report the isolation ofL. hongkongensisfrom the stool of a patient who had no history of travel outside the United States. The organism was identified by phenotypic tests, mass spectrometry, and gene sequencing.

scholarly journals The mcr-9 Gene of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Is Not Associated with Colistin Resistance in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Sherry Ayers ◽  
Stacey Borenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Genetic Context

ABSTRACT Reports of transmissible colistin resistance show the importance of comprehensive colistin resistance surveillance. Recently, a new allele of the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene family designated mcr-9, which shows variation in genetic context and colistin susceptibility, was reported. We tested over 100 Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates with mcr-9 from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the United States for their susceptibility to colistin and found that every isolate was susceptible, with an MIC of ≤1 μg/ml. Long-read sequencing of 12 isolates revealed mcr-9 on IncHI plasmids that were either independent or integrated into the chromosome. Overall, these results demonstrate that caution is necessary when determining the clinical relevance of new resistance genes.

California's Cushing connection: Harvey Cushing trained California's first neurosurgeons

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Keller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fine Print

✓ On September 9, 2000, California celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary of its admission to the United States. One hundred years ago, in September of 1901, Harvey Cushing began his surgical practice in Baltimore, Maryland. The proximity of these dates presents an auspicious moment for a review of the careers of three neurosurgeons trained by Dr. Cushing—Howard Naffziger, Carl Rand, and Edward Towne—who played defining roles in establishing modern neurosurgery in the Golden State. In promulgating Cushing's surgical principles and philosophy, these physicians achieved a distinguished place in the history of medicine in California.

scholarly journals First Report of Alphapartitiviruses Infecting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev G. Nemchinov ◽  
Maya N. Lee ◽  
Jonathan Shao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cryptic Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Evidence is presented demonstrating that alfalfa cultivars in the United States could be widely infected with cryptic virus of the genus Alphapartitivirus. The nucleotide sequences of several U.S.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a New Strain of Sida Golden Mosaic Buckup Virus from Florida, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Salma Arous ◽  
J. E. Polston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report

The complete genome sequence of a bipartite begomovirus found in a Sida sp. plant growing in Bradenton, FL, was determined. The virus is a new strain of Sida golden mosaic Buckup virus (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus). This is the first report of this virus in the United States and the first report outside Jamaica.

scholarly journals First Report of Fruit Rot of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Jennifer Ikerd ◽  
Mihir Mandal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
First Report ◽  
Athelia Rolfsii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sclerotium Rot ◽  
Luffa Acutangula

Ridge gourd is a specialty cucurbit vegetable cultivated in the United States on a small scale for select markets. We report the infection of ridge gourd fruit by Sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii). This appears to be the first report of Sclerotium rot of ridge gourd. In fields with history of S. rolfsii, the gourds should be grown on trellis to prevent fruit contact with wet soil. Several fungicides are available to manage S. rolfsii and may have to be applied if and when needed. Accepted for publication 12 January 2016. Published 14 January 2016.

scholarly journals Clinical and Microbiologic Characteristics of Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli at Three Centers in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1870-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Soo Park ◽  
Jennifer M. Adams-Haduch ◽  
Kathleen A. Shutt ◽  
Daniel M. Yarabinec ◽  
Laura E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection

ABSTRACTWe investigated the clinical and microbiologic features of 300 cases of cephalosporin-resistantEscherichia coliproducing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) at three medical centers in the United States. Solid-organ malignancy, connective tissue disease, and a recent history of surgery were more common among pAmpC-producing cases (n= 49), whereas urinary catheter at enrollment, diabetes, and hospitalization in the past year were more common among ESBL-producing cases (n= 233). The factors independently associated with clinical outcome were the following: the presence of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 6.43), intra-abdominal infection (OR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.51 to 26.7), other or multiples sources of infection (OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 2.3 to 28.6), age of 65 years or greater (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.95), favorable baseline health status (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.95), and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy given in the first 72 h (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.88). β-Lactamase genes responsible for cephalosporin resistance were identified in 291 cases. CTX-M-type ESBLs accounted for 72.0%. Of those, 88.0% were CTX-M-15. The next most common type was CMY-type pAmpC (16.7%), followed by SHV- and TEM-type ESBLs (6.3 and 1.3%, respectively). Seven cases (2.3%) had KPC-type β-lactamase. Ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and tigecycline were highly active, with greater than 90% of the isolates being susceptible. Cefepime was less active, with only 74.2% being susceptible due to the predominance of CTX-M-15. These findings have implications in the selection of appropriate empirical therapy when infection due to cephalosporin-resistantE. coliis suspected.

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