scholarly journals The lithospheric folding model applied to the Bighorn uplift during the Laramide orogeny

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tikoff ◽  
C. Siddoway ◽  
D. Sokoutis ◽  
E. Willingshofer
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Folding Model ◽  
Buckling Instability ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Laramide Orogeny ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Large Wavelength

ABSTRACT The Bighorn uplift, Wyoming, developed in the Rocky Mountain foreland during the 75–55 Ma Laramide orogeny. It is one of many crystalline-cored uplifts that resulted from low-amplitude, large-wavelength folding of Phanerozoic strata and the basement nonconformity (Great Unconformity) across Wyoming and eastward into the High Plains region, where arch-like structures exist in the subsurface. Results of broadband and passive-active seismic studies by the Bighorn EarthScope project illuminated the deeper crustal structure. The seismic data show that there is substantial Moho relief beneath the surface exposure of the basement arch, with a greater Moho depth west of the Bighorn uplift and shallower Moho depth east of the uplift. A comparable amount of Moho relief is observed for the Wind River uplift, west of the Bighorn range, from a Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) profile and teleseismic receiver function analysis of EarthScope Transportable Array seismic data. The amplitude and spacing of crystalline-cored uplifts, together with geological and geophysical data, are here examined within the framework of a lithospheric folding model. Lithospheric folding is the concept of low-amplitude, large-wavelength (150–600 km) folds affecting the entire lithosphere; these folds develop in response to an end load that induces a buckling instability. The buckling instability focuses initial fold development, with faults developing subsequently as shortening progresses. Scaled physical models and numerical models that undergo layer-parallel shortening induced by end loads determine that the wavelength of major uplifts in the upper crust occurs at approximately one third the wavelength of folds in the upper mantle for strong lithospheres. This distinction arises because surface uplifts occur where there is distinct curvature upon the Moho, and the vergence of surface uplifts can be synthetic or antithetic to the Moho curvature. In the case of the Bighorn uplift, the surface uplift is antithetic to the Moho curvature, which is likely a consequence of structural inheritance and the influence of a preexisting Proterozoic suture upon the surface uplift. The lithospheric folding model accommodates most of the geological observations and geophysical data for the Bighorn uplift. An alternative model, involving a crustal detachment at the orogen scale, is inconsistent with the absence of subhorizontal seismic reflectors that would arise from a throughgoing, low-angle detachment fault and other regional constraints. We conclude that the Bighorn uplift—and possibly other Laramide arch-like structures—is best understood as a product of lithospheric folding associated with a horizontal end load imposed upon the continental margin to the west.

On the Processing of Non-Rectangularly Sampled Multi-Dimensional Geophysical Data

1991 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
VIRGIL BARDAN
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Seismic Sections

In this paper the processing of triangularly sampled 2-D seismic data is illustrated by examples of synthetic and field seismic sections.

Fast collocation for Moho estimation from GOCE gravity data: the Iran case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 651-664
Author(s):  
H Heydarizadeh Shali ◽  
D Sampietro ◽  
A Safari ◽  
M Capponi ◽  
A Bahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Earth's Crust

SUMMARY The study of the discontinuity between crust and mantle beneath Iran is still an open issue in the geophysical community due to its various tectonic features created by the collision between the Iranian and Arabian Plate. For instance in regions such as Zagros, Alborz or Makran, despite the number of studies performed, both by exploiting gravity or seismic data, the depth of the Moho and also interior structure is still highly uncertain. This is due to the complexity of the crust and to the presence of large short wavelength signals in the Moho depth. GOCE observations are capable and useful products to describe the Earth’s crust structure either at the regional or global scale. Furthermore, it is plausible to retrieve important information regarding the structure of the Earth’s crust by combining the GOCE observations with seismic data and considering additional information. In the current study, we used as observation a grid of second radial derivative of the anomalous gravitational potential computed at an altitude of 221 km by means of the space-wise approach, to study the depth of the Moho. The observations have been reduced for the gravitational effects of topography, bathymetry and sediments. The residual gravity has been inverted accordingly to a simple two-layer model. In particular, this guarantees the uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem which has been regularized by means of a collocation approach in the frequency domain. Although results of this study show a general good agreement with seismically derived depths with a root mean square deviation of 6 km, there are some discrepancies under the Alborz zone and also Oman sea with a root mean square deviation up 10 km for the former and an average difference of 3 km for the latter. Further comparisons with the natural feature of the study area, for instance, active faults, show that the resulting Moho features can be directly associated with geophysical and tectonic blocks.

Fault interpretation from high‐resolution seismic data in the northern Negev, Israel

Geophysics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Bruner ◽  
Eugeny Landa
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Diffracted Waves ◽  
Fault Interpretation ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Sense Reverse

Detection and investigation of fault zones are important tools for tectonic analysis and geological studies. A fault zone inferred on high‐resolution seismic lines has been interpreted using a method of detection of diffracted waves utilizing the main kinematic and dynamic properties of the wavefield. The application of the method to field data from the northern Negev in Israel shows that it provides a good estimate of results and, when used in conjunction with the final stacked data, can give the suspected location of the fault, its sense (reverse or normal), and the amount of “low amplitude” displacement (in an order of the wavelength or even less).

scholarly journals Rise of the Colorado Plateau: A Synthesis of Paleoelevation Constraints From the Region and a Path Forward Using Temperature-Based Elevation Proxies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma O. Heitmann ◽  
Ethan G. Hyland ◽  
Philip Schoettle-Greene ◽  
Cassandra A. P. Brigham ◽  
Katharine W. Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Plateau ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Laramide Orogeny ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
Lacustrine Carbonates ◽  
Uplift History ◽  
Clumped Isotope ◽  
Lapse Rates ◽  
Existing Data

The Colorado Plateau’s complex landscape has motivated over a century of debate, key to which is understanding the timing and processes of surface uplift of the greater Colorado Plateau region, and its interactions with erosion, drainage reorganization, and landscape evolution. Here, we evaluate what is known about the surface uplift history from prior paleoelevation estimates from the region by synthesizing and evaluating estimates 1) in context inferred from geologic, geomorphic, and thermochronologic constraints, and 2) in light of recent isotopic and paleobotanical proxy method advancements. Altogether, existing data and estimates suggest that half-modern surface elevations were attained by the end of the Laramide orogeny (∼40 Ma), and near-modern surface elevations by the mid-Miocene (∼16 Ma). However, our analysis of paleoelevation proxy methods highlights the need to improve proxy estimates from carbonate and floral archives including the ∼6–16 Ma Bidahochi and ∼34 Ma Florissant Formations and explore understudied (with respect to paleoelevation) Laramide basin deposits to fill knowledge gaps. We argue that there are opportunities to leverage recent advancements in temperature-based paleoaltimetry to refine the surface uplift history; for instance, via systematic comparison of clumped isotope and paleobotanical thermometry methods applied to lacustrine carbonates that span the region in both space and time, and by use of paleoclimate model mediated lapse rates in paleoelevation reconstruction.

scholarly journals A unified map of Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio of continental China by receiver function analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 1910-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. He ◽  
X. Shang ◽  
C. Yu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
R. D. Van der Hilst
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Moho Depth ◽  
Receiver Function Analysis

Cooperative inversion of geophysical data

Geophysics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry R. Lines ◽  
Alton K. Schultz ◽  
Sven Treitel
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Geophysical Inversion ◽  
Sonic Logs ◽  
Cooperative Inversion

Geophysical inversion by iterative modeling involves fitting observations by adjusting model parameters. Both seismic and potential‐field model responses can be influenced by the adjustment of the parameters of the rock properties. The objective of this “cooperative inversion” is to obtain a model which is consistent with all available surface and borehole geophysical data. Although inversion of geophysical data is generally non‐unique and ambiguous, we can lessen the ambiguities by inverting all available surface and borehole data. This paper illustrates this concept with a case history in which surface seismic data, sonic logs, surface gravity data, and borehole gravity meter (BHGM) data are adequately modeled by using least‐squares inversion and a series of forward modeling steps.

scholarly journals Real-time monitoring of seismic data using satellite telemetry

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Calderoni ◽  
B. De Simoni ◽  
F. M. De Simoni ◽  
L. Merucci
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Processing Centre ◽  
Duration Magnitude ◽  
Master Station

This article describes the ARGO Satellite Seismic Network (ARGO SSN) as a reliable system for monitoring, collection, visualisation and analysis of seismic and geophysical low-frequency data, The satellite digital telemetry system is composed of peripheral geophysical stations, a centraI communications node (master sta- tion) located in CentraI Italy, and a data collection and processing centre located at ING (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica), Rome. The task of the peripheral stations is to digitalise and send via satellite the geophysical data collected by the various sensors to the master station. The master station receives the data and forwards them via satellite to the ING in Rome; it also performs alI the monitoring functions of satellite communications. At the data collection and processing centre of ING, the data are received and analysed in real time, the seismic events are identified and recorded, the low-frequency geophysical data are stored. In addition, the generaI sta- tus of the satellite network and of each peripheral station connected, is monitored. The procedure for analysjs of acquired seismic signals allows the automatic calculation of local magnitude and duration magnitude The communication and data exchange between the seismic networks of Greece, Spain and Italy is the fruit of a recent development in the field of technology of satellite transmission of ARGO SSN (project of European Community "Southern Europe Network for Analysis of Seismic Data" )

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Three-dimensional shape and structure of the Susitna basin, south-central Alaska, from geophysical data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
South Central ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Shapefiles providing locations of faults and folds determined from magnetic and seismic data, or just magnetic data, with projection NAD27-UTM5N.<br>

Trend enhancement of seismic data as a guide to structural interpretation

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1731
Author(s):  
Ian C. F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
Seismic Energy Release

abstract The main zones of seismic energy release in South Australia probably correspond to major basement fractures. A method is given here to extract the energy release trends from seismicity maps, in order to outline subsurface lineaments more accurately. The techniques are similar to those employed in image processing. Tectonic structure may be revealed which is not readily apparent from epicenter plots or other geophysical data.

The structure of the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada: new insight from geophysical data analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Hayward ◽  
Sonya A Dehler ◽  
Gordon N Oakey
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Lower Amplitude

An improved compilation of magnetic and gravity data has been interpreted in conjunction with seismic reflection profiles to provide new information about the complex structure of the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Atlantic Canada. This region was affected by plate divergence and convergence events during the Grenville and Appalachian orogenies and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. The Anticosti Basin, which developed as a foreland basin over the margin of Laurentia, is filled with a thick succession of Cambrian to Silurian sedimentary strata. Most of the interpreted magnetic and gravity anomalies have sources within the basement rocks, which is interpreted as Grenville crust beneath much of the study area. A V-shaped zone of lower amplitude gravity and magnetic anomalies in the center of the region is associated with a slight thickening of Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sedimentary rocks over a downthrown block of anorthositic Grenville crust, with a locally lower density and magnetization. Extensional faults bordering the zone presently display 130–250 m of downthrow at basement depths, increasing to the southeast, but show no disruption of strata younger than Middle Ordovician. A magnetic low 200 km to the northeast is of similar geophysical character and is associated with a similar geological structure. Numerous NE-trending normal faults associated with segmentation of the Grenville basement are manifested in the magnetic and seismic data. Related anomaly sources are also present within the overlying Ordovician calcareous and clastic rocks that were deposited during extension associated with the onset of the Taconian orogeny. Other anomalies are associated with faulting and folding of shallower strata, and seismic data indicate that some of the NE-trending faults were reactivated as thrusts towards the close of the Taconian orogeny in the Late Ordovician. The geophysical data show no evidence of significant deformation north of the western margin of Newfoundland that would be associated with later compressive events of the Acadian orogeny.

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