ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF FLUORIDE, BORON AND ARSENIC IN GROUNDWATER USED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN PEDRO, SANTA CRUZ, BOLIVIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Ormachea ◽  
◽  
Lizangela Huallpara ◽  
José Luis Aróstegui García ◽  
Prosun Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater

scholarly journals Diseño hidráulico y estudio de rentabilidad del Proyecto de la Bocatoma San Pedro para abastecer las zonas agrícolas de San Pedro y Santa Cruz en la región Ayacucho

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leonid Simon Contreras Cusi ◽  
◽  
Alejandro Ruben Villegas Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Del Rio

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo general realizar una propuesta técnico-económica del diseño hidráulico de una bocatoma para beneficio de las comunidades San Pedro y Santa Cruz pertenecientes a la región Ayacucho, estas comunidades no cuentan con infraestructura adecuada que les permita mejorar su sistema de riego y aprovechar de manera eficiente su potencial agrícola y la utilización de sus recursos humanos. La investigación realiza un estudio hidrológico para determinar las necesidades hídricas para agricultura, se generó los caudales medios mensuales del río San Pedro mediante el modelo de Luzt Scholz para determinar la oferta hídrica y finalmente se hizo el análisis de máximas avenidas, utilizando información proporcionada por el SENAMHI, ANA y otras instituciones relacionadas. Se presenta un diseño hidráulico de la bocatoma y de sus componentes más importantes, así como su presupuesto mediante metrados y análisis de precios unitarios. Finalmente se presenta el estudio económico de rentabilidad para determinar si el proyecto es viable. La investigación concluye que la implementación de proyectos como la bocatoma San Pedro permite mejorar no solo el sistema productivo agrícola de las comunidades si no también produce beneficios económicos a sus comuneros.

scholarly journals Challenges to the human right to water and to the sustainability of services in Santa Cruz, Cabo Verde

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Larissa Helena Ferreira Varela
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Equipment Replacement ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract Ensuring access to water in adequate quantity and quality for human consumption at a fair and affordable price constitutes a supra-national commitment in the declaration of the human right to water and sanitation. In order to provide this service to society, financial resources are required to encourage new investment, maintenance and equipment replacement, adequate regulatory practices and a consistent legal framework. This article is based on a study of the affordability of water services by customers in the municipality of Santa Cruz, located on the island of Santiago in Cabo Verde, a country of high water stress and weak financial resources, in order to evaluate how socioeconomic conditions affect the realization of the human right to water. Data on socio-economic conditions, quality of services and affordability of clients was collected using survey tools, aiming to identify the need for differential treatment among consumers, requiring appropriate mechanisms of social solidarity to establish equity in access to services and, at the same time, ensure full cost recovery of services by the service provider.

Content of Toxic Heavy Metals (Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium) in Canned Variegated Scallops (Chlamys varia)

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2911-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
D. GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
T. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
A. BURGOS ◽  
G. LOZANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Maximum Limit

The concentrations of three toxic heavy metals, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), were determined in preserved variegated scallops (Chlamys varia, Bivalvia, Mollusca), which are often consumed in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). A total of 300 samples of seven commercial brands (A, B, D, H, J, L, and M) and one processed product (“scallop sauce”) were analyzed. Samples were collected weekly in a major shopping area in Santa Cruz de Tenerife during a 12-month period. The concentrations of lead and mercury were far below the maximum limit permitted for human consumption by the European Communities Commission regulation (EC) 466/2001 (1 and 0.5 mg kg−1 wet weight for Pb and Hg, respectively). Concentrations of cadmium were close to the maximum limit permitted by regulation (EC) 466/2001 (1 mg kg−1 wet weight).

scholarly journals Findings and lessons learned from the assessment of the Mexico-United States transboundary San Pedro and Santa Cruz aquifers: The utility of social science in applied hydrologic research

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Callegary ◽  
S.B. Megdal ◽  
E.M. Tapia Villaseñor ◽  
J.D. Petersen-Perlman ◽  
I. Minjárez Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
San Pedro

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic Arsenic Sources in Groundwater Flow Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Avila-Sandoval ◽  
Hugo Júnez-Ferreira ◽  
Julián González-Trinidad ◽  
Carlos Bautista-Capetillo ◽  
Anuard Pacheco-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The presence of arsenic in groundwater constitutes a hazard for the environment and human health, and the determination of its source has become a global challenge, which can be approached by defining the natural background levels (NBL) in conjunction with the indicator kriging method, with the aim of delineating anthropogenically contaminated areas. However, having a unique value of NBL for large areas can generate interpretation errors. This research integrates the determination of the flow systems present in the Calera Aquifer, and the definition of the natural background levels in each flow system by making estimation maps in ArcGIS using two databases, 10 years apart, to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation of arsenic in groundwater. The results indicate a notable increase in the probability of exceeding the arsenic NBL, mainly in the intermediate flow, which may be due to movement resulting from mining activities as well as a mixture of regional and intermediate flows caused by the extraction of water for agriculture and drinking water supplies. The presented values exceed the maximum limits allowed for human consumption, as stated by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals índices de calidad de agua del rí­o Cucabaj ubicado en el municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché, Quiché y la influencia en los costos de tratamientos de potabilizaciónWater quality index of Cucabaj River located in the municipality of

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Mónica Lisett Aldana Aguilar ◽  
Elvias Edison Zacarias Laynes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Del Rio

El rí­o Cucabaj es una de las fuentes principales de agua que abastece junto a los rí­os Tabil y Aguacate a 1,352 hogares del área urbana del municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché. Este rio recorre parte de los municipios de Santa Cruz del Quiché y Chiché. Es tributario del rí­o Durazno y pertenece a esta microcuenca. En el periodo de estudio el caudal osciló entre 0.009-0.1004 m3/seg. Gran proporción de este caudal se capta y recorre alrededor de 9 km. hacia la planta de tratamiento para su potabilización ubicada en la salida a San Pedro Jocopilas. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar la variabilidad temporal del recurso hí­drico, determinando el í­ndice de calidad del agua e í­ndice de contaminación del rí­o Cucabaj, así­ como los costos de desinfección utilizando hipoclorito de calcio. El monitoreo del rio fue realizado por un periodo de diez meses, de abril 2012 a enero 2013, según el í­ndice de calidad de agua que muestra en una escala de 0-100 puntos, que suman los resultados de nueve parámetros y clasifica el agua del rí­o Cucabaj en la categorí­a de media a buena (contaminada a levemente contaminada para uso humano, por lo que antes de su consumo debe de aplicarse tratamientos de potabilización). El mes con mayor caudal fue septiembre con 0.1004 m3/seg, particularidad que influyó considerablemente en presentar el valor más bajo en calidad y uno de los valores más altos en contaminación por materia orgánica. Esta caracterí­stica se asocia principalmente a la presencia de coliformes totales. En cuanto a los costos de desinfección por hipoclorito de calcio, no se establecieron diferencias significativas en función de la cantidad de caudal.

scholarly journals El impacto cultural

Entorno ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador Utec
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Santa Maria

Los daños que causaron los terremotos del 13 de enero y del 13 de febrero no son sólo socioeconómicos, también culturalmente son apreciables. Los daños sufridos en 107 iglesias, 57 centros históricos, 609 instalaciones culturales, representan aproximadamente un 80 por ciento del patrimonio cultural salvadoreño.Los daños de edificios, documentos, petrogra-bados, significa en la mayor parte de los casos una pérdida total e irrecuperable, ya que muchos de ellos son irremplazables por su misma antigüedad, dañándose nuestra identidad y nuestra memoria histórica para siempre.En la mayor parte de los casos, sin embargo, pueden reconstruirse y restaurarse para volver a enriquecernos culturalmente. Ya se conocen algunos datos de los daños producidos.Por ejemplo, las iglesias de Santa María Ostuma, San Pedro Nonualco, Nuesrra Señora del Pilar en San Vicente, el campanario de Santa Cruz de Roma de Panchimalco, todos monumentos nacionales que han sufrido daños muy severos.

The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed Soil Moisture Observing Networks: Design, Instrumentation, and Preliminary Results

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Zamora ◽  
F. Martin Ralph ◽  
Edward Clark ◽  
Timothy Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
San Pedro River ◽  
The North ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Russian River

Abstract The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed soil moisture observing networks in the watersheds of the Russian River and the North Fork (NF) of the American River in northern California, and the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. These networks were designed to serve the combined needs of the hydrological, meteorological, agricultural, and climatological communities for observations of soil moisture on time scales that range from minutes to decades. The networks are a major component of the HMT program that has been developed to accelerate the development and infusion of new observing technologies, modeling methods, and recent scientific research into the National Weather Service (NWS) offices and to help focus research and development efforts on key hydrological and meteorological forecast problems. These forecast problems are not only of interest to the NWS, but they also play a crucial role in providing input to water managers who work at the national, state, and local government levels to provide water for human consumption, agriculture, and other needs. The HMT soil moisture networks have been specifically designed to capture the changes in soil moisture that are associated with heavy precipitation events and runoff from snowpack during the melt season. This paper describes the strategies used to site the networks and sensors as well as the selection, testing, and calibration of the soil moisture probes. In addition, two illustrative examples of the data gathered by the networks are shown. The first example shows changes in soil moisture observed before and during a flood event on the Babocomari River tributary of the San Pedro River near Sierra Vista, Arizona, on 23 July 2008. The second example examines a 5-yr continuous time series of soil moisture gathered at Healdsburg, California. The time series illustrates the transition from a multiyear wet period to exceptionally dry conditions from a soil moisture perspective.

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