Influence of Interacting Solar Wind Disturbances on the Variations in Galactic Cosmic Rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-800
Author(s):  
N. S. Shlyk ◽  
A. V. Belov ◽  
M. A. Abunina ◽  
E. A. Eroshenko ◽  
A. A. Abunin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Wind Disturbances

scholarly journals Quasi-periodic changes in the 3D solar anisotropy of Galactic cosmic rays for 1965–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Modzelewska ◽  
M. V. Alania
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Cycle ◽  
The North ◽  
Solar Magnetic Cycle

Aims. We study features of the 3D solar anisotropy of Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) for 1965−2014 (almost five solar cycles, cycles 20−24). We analyze the 27-day variations of the 2D GCR anisotropy in the ecliptic plane and the north-south anisotropy normal to the ecliptic plane. We study the dependence of the 27-day variation of the 3D GCR anisotropy on the solar cycle and solar magnetic cycle. We demonstrate that the 27-day variations of the GCR intensity and anisotropy can be used as an important tool to study solar wind, solar activity, and heliosphere. Methods. We used the components Ar, Aϕ and At of the 3D GCR anisotropy that were found based on hourly data of neutron monitors (NMs) and muon telescopes (MTs) using the harmonic analyses and spectrographic methods. We corrected the 2D diurnal (~24-h) variation of the GCR intensity for the influence of the Earth magnetic field. We derived the north-south component of the GCR anisotropy based on the GG index, which is calculated as the difference in GCR intensities of the Nagoya multidirectional MTs. Results. We show that the behavior of the 27-day variation of the 3D anisotropy verifies a stable long-lived active heliolongitude on the Sun. This illustrates the usefulness of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy as a unique proxy to study solar wind, solar activity, and heliosphere. We distinguish a tendency of the 22-yr changes in amplitude of the 27-day variation of the 2D anisotropy that is connected with the solar magnetic cycle. We demonstrate that the amplitudes of the 27-day variation of the north-south component of the anisotropy vary with the 11-yr solar cycle, but a dependence of the solar magnetic polarity can hardly be recognized. We show that the 27-day recurrences of the GG index and the At component are highly positively correlated, and both are highly correlated with the By component of the heliospheric magnetic field.

scholarly journals The Galactic cosmic ray intensity at the evolving Earth and young exoplanets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Rodgers-Lee ◽  
Aline Vidotto ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
Paul Rimmer ◽  
Turlough Downes
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Exoplanetary Systems ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

<p>Cosmic rays may have contributed to the start of life on Earth. Cosmic rays also influence and contribute to atmospheric electrical circuits, cloud cover and biological mutation rates which are important for the characterisation of exoplanetary systems. The flux of Galactic cosmic rays present at the time when life is thought to have begun on the young Earth or in other young exoplanetary systems is largely determined by the properties of the stellar wind. </p> <p>The spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays that we observe at Earth is modulated, or suppressed, by the magnetised solar wind and thus differs from the local interstellar spectrum observed by Voyager 1 and 2 outside of the solar system. Upon reaching 1au, Galactic cosmic rays subsequently interact with the Earth’s magnetosphere and some of their energy is deposited in the upper atmosphere. The properties of the solar wind, such as the magnetic field strength and velocity profile, evolve with time. Generally, young solar-type stars are very magnetically active and are therefore thought to drive stronger stellar winds. </p> <p>Here I will present our recent results which simulate the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays through the heliosphere to the location of Earth as a function of the Sun's life, from 600 Myr to 6 Gyr, in the Sun’s future. I will specifically focus on the flux of Galactic cosmic rays present at the time when life is thought to have started on Earth (~1 Gyr). I will show that the intensity of Galactic cosmic rays which reached the young Earth, by interacting with the solar wind, would have been greatly reduced in comparison to the present day intensity. I will also discuss the effect that the Sun being a slow/fast rotator would have had on the flux of cosmic rays reaching Earth at early times in the solar system's life.</p> <p>Despite the importance of Galactic cosmic rays, their chemical signature in the atmospheres’ of young Earth-like exoplanets may not be observable with instruments in the near future. On the other hand, it may instead be possible to detect their chemical signature by observing young warm Jupiters. Thus, I will also discuss the HR 2562b exoplanetary system as a candidate for observing the chemical signature of Galactic cosmic rays in a young exoplanetary atmosphere with upcoming missions such as JWST.</p>

Protons of radiation belts as a source of hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
V. B. Lapshin ◽  
M. S. Ivanov ◽  
N. G. Kotonaeva ◽  
V. A. Burov ◽  
A. Yu. Repin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cosmic Origin

A scenario is proposed for replenishing the Earths exosphere with atomic hydrogen of cosmic origin. An assessment was made and the coincidence of the total atomic hydrogen content in the exosphere with the number of protons (after thermolization converted into hydrogen ions) precipitated in the SAA zone during the year according to the data of the Meteor M and NOAA‑19 satellites was confirmed. The observed coincidence indicates that the rates of replenishment of hydrogen due to precipitation from radiation belts and dissipation into outer space coincide in order of magnitude. It is concluded that the exosphere hydrogen is mainly of cosmic origin and its main source is the thermalized protons of galactic cosmic rays, solar cosmic rays and partially solar wind.

The gradient of galactic cosmic rays at the solar-wind termination shock

1993 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Jokipii ◽  
J. Kota ◽  
E. Merenyi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Termination Shock ◽  
Solar Wind Termination Shock

scholarly journals Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) as tracers of solar wind conditions near Saturn: Event lists and applications

Icarus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roussos ◽  
C.M. Jackman ◽  
M.F. Thomsen ◽  
W.S. Kurth ◽  
S.V. Badman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles
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