Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Acetates Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2891-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kulič ◽  
Jiří Sussenbek ◽  
Aleš Ptáček
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Hammett Equation ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Alkaline hydrolysis if the phenyl acetates CH3COOC6H4X (X = 4-NO2, 3-NO2, 3-Cl, H, 4-CH3, 3-CH3, and 4-OCH3) in the presence of hexadecyltris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexadecyl(methyl)ammonium bromide, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide has been studied. Comparison of the rates of the hydrolysis for the above tenzides showed that the most efficient catalyst is the hexadecyltris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride. In all cases, the rate data correlated well with structure effects by the Hammett equation.

Catalyzed Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted Phenyl Acetates

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1798-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kulič ◽  
Aleš Ptáček
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Hammett Equation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Iodosobenzoic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

2-Iodosobenzoic acid forming strong nucleophile in alkaline medium - 1-oxido-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, was used as a catalyst of alkaline hydrolysis of substituted phenyl acetates (4-NO2, 3-NO2, 3-Cl, 4-Br, H, 4-CH3, 3-CH3, 4-OCH3, 3-OCH3) in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a micellar agent. It was found that the observed first-order rate constants kobs can be correlated by the Hammett equation: log kobs = (-3.29 ± 0.03) + (1.77 ± 0.001) σ.

SALTING-IN BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232-3237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Desnoyers ◽  
G. E. Pelletier ◽  
C. Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Organic Ions ◽  
Bromide Solutions

The solubility of benzene in substituted quaternary ammonium bromide solutions has been measured by ultraviolet absorption. The solubility is found to increase in the presence of such salts as R4−nHnN+Br− where R is an alkyl group and n varies between 0 and 3; a smooth transition in behavior is observed when passing from simple salts to long-chained micellar salts. This salting-in can be explained in terms of an association between the nonelectrolyte and the quaternary ammonium ion, which is induced by the increase in the structure of water near large nonpolar groups of the organic ions.

Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyester in the Presence of Ionic Liquids

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Zhao Qin Dong ◽  
Guo Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Polyester Fabrics ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The alkaline hydrolysis of polyester fabric in NaOH solution in the presence of several 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine ionic liquids (ILs), CnMImBr (n=8, 12, 14, 16) was examined in comparison to the use of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as an accelerant. The weight loss of polyester fabric was found to be greatly dependent on the concentrations of ILs and the length of alkyl groups in ILs. C14MImBr and C16MImBr exhibited good catalytic actions. The use of C16MImBr as an accelerator could endow polyester fabrics with slightly higher weight loss in comparison with CTAB. In the presence of C16MImBr, the activation energy of polyester hydrolysis reaction was slightly higher than that for the use of C14MImBr as a catalyst. In summary, the CnMImBr with long carbon chain can be employed as the novel accelerator for the weight reduction process of polyester fabrics.

Synthesis and Reactions of Furo[3,2-b]pyrrole Type Aldehydes

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 2139-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Krutošíková ◽  
Miloslava Dandárová ◽  
Juraj Alföldi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
C Nmr

The synthesis of ethyl 2-formyl-4-benzylfuro[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate (I) is described. A series of furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde 2,6-dialkylphenylhydrazones (IIa - IIg) and dimethylhydrazones (IIIa - IIId) were prepared. By reaction of title compounds with hydroxylammonium chloride in acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine corresponding cyano-substituted compounds (IVa - IVd) were obtained. Alkaline hydrolysis of IVa - IVd gave Va - Vb and the reaction with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in dimethylformamide led to VIa - VId. the structure of the compounds have been proved by UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

THE LIMITING EQUIVALENT CONDUCTANCES OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, AMMONIUM BROMIDE, AND AMMONIUM NITRATE AT 35.00 °C.

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. Bock
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Stokes Equation ◽  
Probable Error ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Conductance Data ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Limiting Equivalent Conductances

The limiting equivalent conductances of ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, and ammonium nitrate as well as the limiting ionic conductances of the ammonium and nitrate ions were determined at 35 °C. with a probable error of 0.05%. The values found were [Formula: see text] 180.97 mhos, [Formula: see text] 182.73 mhos, [Formula: see text] 174.21 mhos, [Formula: see text] 88.73 mhos, and [Formula: see text] 85.48 mhos. These values were obtained by the application of the Shedlovsky method of extrapolation to equivalent conductance data, which had been corrected for the hydrolysis of the ammonium ion.Observed equivalent conductances of aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate at 35 °C., in the concentration range from 0.0002 N to 10 N, have been compared with those calculated by means of the Wishaw–Stokes and Falkenhagen–Leist equations. The Wishaw–Stokes equation was found to give better agreement with experiment than the Falkenhagen–Leist equation.

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