scholarly journals What are the contextual risk factors for low colorectal cancer screening uptake in El Paso County, Texas? Spatial cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038342
Author(s):  
Jennifer Salinas ◽  
Jacquelyn Brito ◽  
Cheyenne Rincones ◽  
Navkiran K Shokar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
El Paso ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Fit Testing ◽  
Spot Analysis

ObjectiveThis study examines the geographical and socioeconomic factors associated with uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (colonoscopies or faecal immunochemical test (FIT) testing).DesignSecondary data analysis.SettingThe Against Colorectal Cancer in our Community (ACCION) programme was implemented in El Paso County, Texas, to increase screening rates among the uninsured and underinsured.ParticipantsWe successfully geocoded 5777 who were offered a free colonoscopy or FIT testing kit.Primary outcome measureCensus-tract CRC screening uptake average.ResultsMedicare recipient mortality (β=0.409, p-value=0.049) and % 65 years or older (β=−0.577, p value=0.000) were significant census tract contextual factors that were associated with the prevalence of CRC screening uptake in the geographically weighted Poisson regression. Neither Latino ethnicity nor immigrant concentration were significant predictors of CRC screening uptake in the ACCION programme. Hot spot analysis demonstrated that there was a significant low-value cluster in South Central El Paso. There was a similar hot spot for % 65 years or older in this same area, suggesting that uptake was lowest in an area that had the highest concentration of older adults.ConclusionThe results from this study revealed not only feasibility of hot spot analysis but also its utility in geographically tracking successful CRC screening uptake in cancer prevention and intervention programmes.

Streamlined Approach to Identify Projects That Are Not of Air Quality Concern for PM10 Hot-Spot Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
Reza Farzaneh ◽  
Chaoyi Gu ◽  
Suriya Vallamsundar ◽  
Madhusudhan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Spot Analysis

Project-level particulate matter (PM) analysis, also known as hot-spot analysis, is required in non-attainment and maintenance areas for transportation projects that are identified as projects of air quality concern (POAQC). The only PM non-attainment area in Texas is El Paso which is currently designated as non-attainment for PM10. This paper presents an analytical methodology that was developed to determine the thresholds for highway activity parameters that would streamline the identification of projects that are not POAQCs, and minimize the risk that the project is misclassified. Researchers used the example provided by EPA, that is, 125,000 annual average daily traffic (AADT) and 8% heavy-duty trucks, as the baseline for the analysis. They then established combinations of AADT and truck percentage that would result in the same amount of PM10 emissions as the baseline scenario. Researchers used a set of conservative assumptions to achieve a very conservative/low-risk determination. The most important assumption among them was to not use a fixed baseline analysis year. Researchers used the proposed methodology to establish traffic activity thresholds for highway projects in El Paso, TX. Researchers established a baseline traffic activity (AADT and truck percentage) threshold curve which is a conservative representative of the lower boundary of POAQCs. Any combination of truck percentage and AADT that falls below this curve can be confidently excluded from POAQC consideration. Researchers developed an easy-to-use spreadsheet tool that would use user-provided AADT and truck percentages to identify whether a project could be confidently classified as not of air quality concern.

Hot-spot analysis of motorcyclist crashes involving fixed objects using multinomial logit and data mining tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bahar Dadashova ◽  
Chiara Silvestri-Dobrovolny ◽  
Jayveersinh Chauhan ◽  
Marcie Perez ◽  
Roger Bligh
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Mining Tools ◽  
Spot Analysis

Wide variability in colorectal cancer screening uptake by general practitioner: Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096914132110357
Author(s):  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Maria E Flacco ◽  
Margherita Morettini ◽  
Giusi Giacomini ◽  
Matthew Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Uptake

Objectives Despite several interventions, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake remains below acceptable levels in Italy. Among the potential determinants of screening uptake, only a few studies analysed the role of general practitioners (GPs). The aim was to evaluate the variation in screening uptake of the clusters of subjects assisted by single GPs. Setting Ancona province, Central Italy. Methods Cross-sectional study, including all residents aged 50–69 years, who were offered the public screening programme with biannual faecal immunochemical tests. Demographic (of all GPs) and screening data (of all eligible residents) for years 2018–2019 were collected from the official electronic datasets of the Ancona Local Health Unit. The potential predictors of acceptable screening uptake, including GP's gender, age, and number of registered subjects, were evaluated using random-effect logistic regression, with geographical area as the cluster unit. Results The final sample consisted of 332 GP clusters, including 120,178 eligible subjects. The overall province uptake was 38.0% ± 10.7%. The uptake was lower than 30% in one-fifth of the GP clusters, and higher than 45% in another fifth. At multivariable analysis, the significant predictors of uptake were younger GP age ( p = 0.010) and lower number of registered subjects ( p < 0.001). None of the GP clusters with 500 subjects or more showed an uptake ≥45%. Conclusions The wide variation across GPs suggests they might substantially influence screening uptake, highlighting a potential need to increase their commitment to CRC screening. Further research is needed to confirm the role of the number of registered subjects.

Early stage hot spot analysis through standard cell base random pattern generation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joong-Won Jeon ◽  
Jaewan Song ◽  
Jeong-Lim Kim ◽  
Seongyul Park ◽  
Seung-Hune Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Cell Base ◽  
Spot Analysis

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to Colorectal Cancer Screening Within a Hispanic Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa L. Byrd ◽  
Jessica Calderón-Mora ◽  
Rebekah Salaiz ◽  
Navkiran K. Shokar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Predominantly Hispanic ◽  
9Th Grade

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer cause of death among US Hispanics. CRC screening among the Hispanic population is lower compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Method: The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to better understand the barriers and facilitators of CRC screening and preference for stool-based testing collection methods among the predominantly Hispanic population of El Paso, Texas. Nine focus groups were conducted by a trained bilingual facilitator with a moderator guide informed by the literature. Transcripts of the focus groups were entered into qualitative analysis software and a thematic network was developed. Results: Fifty-six participants were recruited: average age was 68.5 years, 58.9% were female, 98.2% were Hispanic, 87.5% had an annual income of less than $20,000, 58.9% had 9th grade education or less, 12.5% had a discount program, and 5.4% had no insurance. Barriers to CRC screening included cost, fear, and embarrassment. Facilitators to screening included in-person health education and physician recommendation. Participants preferred the hygienic nature of a stool test collected with a brush and bottle. Conclusion: Overall, there was a lack of knowledge regarding CRC and significant barriers to CRC screening. A community-based CRC screening program was subsequently developed from our findings.

scholarly journals Geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations across Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e037195
Author(s):  
Piotr Wilk ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
Kelly K Anderson ◽  
Andrew F Clark ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Spot Analysis ◽  
Spot Analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and pattern of small-area geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) across Canada (excluding Québec).Design and settingA cross-sectional study conducted in Canada (excluding Québec) using data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) linked prospectively to hospitalisation records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) for the three fiscal years: 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.Primary outcome measurePreventable hospitalisations (ACSC).ParticipantsThe 2006 CanCHEC represents a population of 22 562 120 individuals in Canada (excluding Québec). Of this number, 2 940 150 (13.03%) individuals were estimated to be hospitalised at least once during the 2006–2009 fiscal years.MethodsAge-standardised annualised ACSC hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population were computed for each of the 190 Census Divisions. To assess the magnitude of Census Division-level geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations, the global Moran’s I statistic was computed. ‘Hot spot’ analysis was used to identify the pattern of geographic variation.ResultsOf all the hospitalisation events reported in Canada during the 2006–2009 fiscal years, 337 995 (7.10%) events were ACSC-related hospitalisations. The Moran’s I statistic (Moran’s I=0.355) suggests non-randomness in the spatial distribution of preventable hospitalisations. The findings from the ‘hot spot’ analysis indicate a cluster of Census Divisions located in predominantly rural and remote parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in eastern and northern parts of Nunavut with significantly higher than average rates of preventable hospitalisation.ConclusionThe knowledge generated on the small-area geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations can inform regional, provincial and national decision makers on planning, allocation of resources and monitoring performance of health service providers.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Interventions to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening at Federally Qualified Health Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-883
Author(s):  
Florence K. L. Tangka ◽  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Sonja Hoover ◽  
Amy DeGroff ◽  
Djenaba Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Cancer Control Program

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a long-standing commitment to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for vulnerable populations. In 2005, the CDC began a demonstration in five states and, with lessons learned, launched a national program, the Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP), in 2009. The CRCCP continues today and its current emphasis is the implementation of evidence-based interventions to promote CRC screening. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of four CRCCP awardees and their federally qualified health center partners as an introduction to the accompanying series of research briefs where we present individual findings on impacts of evidence-based interventions on CRC screening uptake for each awardee. We also include in this article the conceptual framework used to guide our research. Our findings contribute to the evidence base and guide future program implementation to improve sustainability, increase CRC screening, and address disparities in screening uptake.

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