Distribution of vitamin D status in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank

ObjectiveNo recent large studies have described the distribution of vitamin D status in the UK. Understanding the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency is important to inform targeted public health recommendations. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of factors associated with serum vitamin D status in a large national cohort.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe UK Biobank, a prospective cohort study following the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults recruited between 2006 and 2010.ParticipantsA total of 449 943 participants aged 40–69 years with measured serum vitamin D status were eligible for the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire about sex, age, ethnic background, vitamin D supplementation, smoking, drinking and socioeconomic status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe investigated the distribution of serum vitamin D status and the association between demographic factors and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <25 nmol/L. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between demographic factors and vitamin D status.ResultsAsian (n=4297/8000, 53.7%) and black (n=2459/7046, 34.9%) participants had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency than white participants (n=50 920/422 907, 12%). During spring and winter, the proportion of vitamin D deficiency was higher across the UK and higher in the north than in the south. Male sex, abnormal body mass index, non-white ethnic backgrounds, smoking and being more socioeconomically deprived were associated with higher odds of vitamin D deficiency. Increasing age, taking vitamin D supplements and drinking alcohol were associated with lower odds of deficiency.ConclusionsVitamin D status varied among different ethnic groups and by season and geographical area within the UK. Taking supplements was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. These findings support the vitamin D supplementation recommendations of Public Health England.

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Association of vitamin D with adiposity measures and other determinants in a cross-sectional study of Cypriot adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013003480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 112-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ourania Kolokotroni ◽

Anna Papadopoulou ◽

Panayiotis K Yiallouros ◽

Vasilios Raftopoulos ◽

Christiana Kouta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Reference Group ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo assess vitamin D status among Cypriot adolescents and investigate potential determinants including BMI and body fat percentage (BF%).DesignParticipants had cross-sectional assessments of serum vitamin D, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure. Linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of vitamin D with potential predictors.SettingHospitals, Cyprus, November 2007–May 2008.SubjectsAdolescents (n 671) aged 16–18 years.ResultsMean serum vitamin D was 22·90 (sd 6·41) ng/ml. Only one in ten children had sufficient levels of vitamin D (≥30 ng/ml), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (12–20 ng/ml) and severe deficiency (<12 ng/ml) was 31·7 % and 4·0 %, respectively. Lower vitamin D was associated with winter and spring season, female gender, reduced sun exposure in winter and darker skin. Participants with highest BMI and BF% when compared with a middle reference group had increased adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 3·00; 95 % CI 1·21, 7·45 and OR = 5·02; 95 % CI 1·80, 13·97, respectively). A similar pattern, although not as strong, was shown for vitamin D deficiency with BF% (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI 1·04, 3·16) and BMI (OR = 1·51; 95 % CI 0·85, 2·67). Participants in the lowest BMI and BF% groups also displayed compromised vitamin D status, suggesting a U-shaped association.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency in adolescence is very prevalent in sunny Cyprus, particularly among females, those with darker skin and those with reduced sun exposure in winter. Furthermore, vitamin D status appears to have a U-shaped association with adiposity measures.

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Vitamin D Status of the British African-Caribbean Residents: Analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4104

Author(s):

Rebecca M. Vearing ◽

Kathryn H. Hart ◽

Karen Charlton ◽

Yasmine Probst ◽

David J. Blackbourn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Societal Implications ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

African Caribbean ◽

The Uk

The vitamin D status of the United Kingdom (UK) African-Caribbean (AC) population remains under-researched, despite an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to darker skin phenotypes and living at a high latitude. This cross-sectional study explored the vitamin D status and intake of AC individuals (n = 4046 with a valid serum 25(OH)D measurement) from the UK Biobank Cohort, aged ≥40 years at baseline (2006–2010). Over one third of the population were deficient (<25 nmol/L), 41.1% were insufficient (25–50 nmol/L) and 15.9% were sufficient (>50 nmol/L). Median (IQR) 25(OH)D was 30.0 (20.9) nmol/L. Logistic regression showed that brown/black skin phenotype, winter blood draw, not consuming oily fish and not using vitamin D supplements predicted increased odds of vitamin D deficiency, whilst older age and a summer or autumn blood draw were significantly associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent in this AC population and is of considerable concern given the individual and societal implications of increased morbidity. Public health messaging for this group should focus on year-round vitamin D supplementation and increasing intakes of culturally appropriate vitamin D-rich foods. These data also support the urgent requirement for a revised vitamin D RNI for ethnic groups.

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Study of Serum Vitamin D Level in Different Socio-Demographic Population - A Pilot Study

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v19i1.34836 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Homayra Tahseen Hossain ◽

Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽

Md Abul Kashem Khandaker ◽

HAM Nazmul Ahasan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Study Population

Background: Recently, we see in our clinical practice that many patients who are coming with generalized body aches and pains and diagnosed as fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue, not adequately responding to treatment. When their vitamin D level was done, it was found to be low and correction of their low vitamin D level improved their symptoms dramatically. Despite abundant sunshine in Bangladesh, allowing vitamin D synthesis all the year round, why our people are developing hypovitaminosis D inspired us to do this current study. Our present study is designed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult patients presented with aches & pains as well as to study the association of low vitamin D levels with different socio-demographic parameters.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among 212 adult patients aged 18 years and above presented with generalized body aches and pains, attended both outpatient and inpatient departments of Popular Medical College Hospital during the period of March’16- August’16 ( 6 months). Association between vitamin D status & the individual specific variables was statistically analyzed.Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the study population was found to be100% in all age groups. Among 212 study population, 73.6% were female (n=156) & 26.4% were male (n=56). Mean Vitamin D level among male was 14.29 (SD 4.68) & among female was 12.64 (SD 4.74). The factors associated with severely deficient Vitamin D level were female sex, urban population, &obesity. It is alarming that 64.2% of our study population were totally unaware about the importance of sun exposure.Conclusions: Vitamin D status was associated with a number of socio-demographic variables. Knowledge of these variables may improve targeted education and public health initiatives.J MEDICINE Jan 2018; 19 (1) : 22-29

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Vitamin D status and associated factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253689

Author(s):

Thereza Were Piloya ◽

Sabrina Bakeera–Kitaka ◽

Grace Paul Kisitu ◽

Richard Idro ◽

Sarah E. Cusick

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

P Value ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Art Initiation

Background A high prevalence of suboptimal serum vitamin D has been reported among HIV infected children even in countries with high sunshine abundance throughout the year. Vitamin D is a potent immune modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates immune responses through the vitamin D receptor on CD4 cells. We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of HIV infected children and factors associated with suboptimal vitamin D. Methods This was a cross sectional study. We enrolled children aged between 6 months and 12 years attending an outpatient paediatric HIV clinic. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the electrochemoluminisence method. Suboptimal vitamin D was defined as 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 21–29 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml respectively. Anthropometry, physical exam and medical history were documented. Logistic regression was performed. Results We enrolled 376 children with mean age (sd) 8.05 years (3.03), a median (IQR) duration of ART of 5.9 years (3.2–8.4). Majority of the children (64%) had been exposed to non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A third were severely immunosuppressed (CD4% ≤15%) at ART initiation. At the time of the study, the majority (89%) were virologically suppressed (VL <1000 copies/ml). Prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 49 (13%) of 375 participants and 11 (3%) had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. Lopinavir/ritonavir regimen was independently associated with 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml; OR 0.27 CI (0.13–0.57), p value-0.002. Serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml was associated with CD4 count ≤15% at ART initiation OR 6.55(1.30–32.9), p value—0.023 and use of NNRTIs; OR 10.9(1.22–96.2), p value—0.03. Conclusion We found a low prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D compared to earlier reports. Severe immunosuppression at ART initiation and use of NNRTIs increases odds of deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered in severely immunosuppressed children initiating ART.

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Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254488

Author(s):

Vicka Oktaria ◽

Rina Triasih ◽

Stephen M. Graham ◽

Julie E. Bines ◽

Yati Soenarto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Total Serum ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Danger Signs ◽

District Hospitals ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization

Objective To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children hospitalized with pneumonia and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and severity of pneumonia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to July 2017 in two district hospitals in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Infants and young children aged 2–59 months hospitalized with pneumonia were recruited. Serum blood samples were collected on admission and analyzed for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 concentrations using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level of serum vitamin D <50 nmol/L. The association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of hospitalized pneumonia according to WHO criteria, including the presence of danger signs, hypoxemia (SpO2 in air below 90%), duration of hospitalization, and admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), was analyzed using logistic regression. Results 133 children with WHO-defined pneumonia were enrolled in the study and 127 (96%) had their vitamin D status determined. The mean vitamin D concentration was 67 (± 24 SD) nmol/L and 19% of participants were vitamin D deficient. Age younger than 6 months was associated with prolonged hospitalization (> 5 days) and low birth weight and poor nutritional status on admission were risk factors for hypoxemia. However, vitamin D status was not associated with the presence of danger signs, duration of hospitalization, or hypoxemia. Conclusions One in every five children hospitalized with pneumonia was vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D status was not associated with the severity of pneumonia.

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Association of Serum Vitamin D with Serum Cytokine Profile in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/19476035211010309 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194760352110103

Author(s):

Azade Amini Kadijani ◽

Abolfazl Bagherifard ◽

Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽

Abolfazl Akbari ◽

Farshad Zandrahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cytokine Profile ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Cytokine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Knee Oa

Objective The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of serum vitamin D with the serum cytokine profile in patients with primary knee OA. Design In a cross-sectional study, 116 patients with radiologic diagnosis of grade I to III knee OA were included. The study population included 79 (75.9%) females and 25 (24.1%) males with a mean age of 55.1 ± 9.6 years. The serum concentration of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and vitamin D were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used for the assessment of patient’s reported disability associated with knee OA. Results Serum vitamin D status was deficient, insufficient, and sufficient in 18 (15.5%), 63 (54.3%), 35 (30.2%) patients, respectively. Higher levels of serum IL-6 were observed in patients with vitamin D deficiency ( P = 0.022). The mean serum vitamin D level was not associated with OA grade ( P = 0.88) and WOMAC scores of the patients ( P = 0.67). Serum IL-6 level was significantly associated with both OA grade and WOMAC scores of the patients ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). The vitamin D status was not significantly associated with the serum levels of other evaluated cytokines. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in knee OA seems to be associated with a higher release of IL-6. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation could reduce the disease burden by controlling the IL-6 release.

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Vitamin D deficiency in patients with tuberculosis and its correlation with glycemic status

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195915 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Ritu Karoli ◽

Shobhit Shakya ◽

Prem Shanker Singh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background: Comorbidity of diabetes and tuberculosis has serious health implications. Presence of diabetes at least three times increases the risk of tuberculosis which may be mediated by an abnormal innate immune response due to hyperglycaemia or low vitamin D levels.Aim of the study- Present study was carried out to investigate whether lower serum 25(OH) D might be associated with higher prevalence of pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis which might provide an evidence for a role of vitamin D in the comorbidity of these two diseases and does it have any correlation with glycemic status.Methods: In a hospital based cross sectional study, 264 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were enrolled and according to glycemic status they were divided into three groups. They were assessed for vitamin D deficiency in addition to routine laboratory and biochemical parameters.Results: The patients with diabetes had significantly lower vitamin D levels. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was highest in patients who had diabetes with tuberculosis. There was negative correlation between vitamin D levels and Hba1C and extensiveness of pulmonary tuberculosisConclusions: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in tuberculosis patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes compared with those, who had normal glycemic status. We suggest that there is a need to pay more attention to vitamin D status in this country and if there is coexisting diabetes or impaired glucose intolerance, emphasis on vitamin D supplementation can be of utmost importance.

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A high prevalence of prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency are more closely associated in women: results of a cross-sectional study

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211033384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 030006052110333

Author(s):

Jeonghun Lee ◽

Young Joo Lee ◽

Youngsun Kim

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

High Prevalence

Objective Many studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have shown independent associations between vitamin D deficiency and the metabolic characteristics of prediabetes. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and metabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes. Methods We enrolled 161 patients aged 25 to 75 years in a cross-sectional study and collected clinical and biochemical data, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) status and fasting glucose concentration. Vitamin D status was defined as follows: deficiency (25[OH]D <49.9 ng/mL), insufficiency (49.9 to 74.9 nmol/L) or sufficiency (>74.9 nmol/L). Prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 5.55 to 6.49 mmol/L. Results The prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 49.7% and 24.8%, respectively. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a higher prevalence of prediabetes than those without (53.8% vs. 32.1%), and there was a significant relationship between female sex and vitamin D status (odds ratio: 1.382; 95% confidence interval: 0.335–5.693). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is more closely associated with a high prevalence of prediabetes in women than in men. Further studies are needed to elucidate the explanation for this association.

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Clinical factors correlated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery: A single center experience

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000662 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (3-4) ◽

pp. 346-352

Author(s):

Vincenzo Pilone ◽

Salvatore Tramontano ◽

Carmen Cutolo ◽

Federica Marchese ◽

Antonio Maria Pagano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Female Sex ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. We aim to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery (BS), and to identify factors that might be associated with VDD. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving all consecutive patients scheduled for BS from 2017 to 2019. The exclusion criteria were missing data for vitamin D levels, intake of vitamin D supplements in the 3 months prior to serum vitamin D determination, and renal insufficiency. A total of 206 patients (mean age and body mass index [BMI] of 34.9 ± 10.7 years, and 44.3 ± 6.99 kg/m2, respectively) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for data analysis. VDD (<19.9 ng/mL), severe VDD (<10 ng/mL), and vitamin D insufficiency (20–29.9 ng/mL) were present in 68.8 %, 12.5 %, and 31.2 % of patients, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was found between vitamin D levels and initial BMI, parathyroid hormone, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.280, p < 0.05; r = −0.407, p = 0.038; r = −0.445, p = 0.005), respectively. VDD was significantly more prevalent in patients with higher BMI [−0.413 ± 0.12, CI95 % (−0.659; −0.167), p = 0.006], whereas no significant association between hypertension [−1.005 ± 1.65, CI95 % (−4.338; 2.326), p = 0.001], and diabetes type 2 (T2D) [−0.44 ± 2.20, CI95 % (−4.876; 3.986), p = 0.841] was found. We observed significant association between female sex and levels of vitamin D [6.69 ± 2.31, CI95 % (2.06; 11.33), p = 0.006]. The present study shows that in patients scheduled for BS, VDD deficiency is common and was associated with higher BMI, and female sex.

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SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2019.54.05 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-20

Author(s):

Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽

Rahul Kunkulol

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

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