scholarly journals Identifying the commonly used antibiotics for self-medication in urban Mozambique: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041323
Author(s):  
Neusa F Torres ◽  
Vernon P Solomon ◽  
Lyn E Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maputo City ◽  
Tract Infections

ObjectivesThe study aimed at identifying the commonly used non-prescribed antibiotics (NPAs) and the main health conditions leading to the practices of self-medication with antibiotics (SMAs) in Maputo city, Mozambique.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study based on individual and group interviews.SettingThe study was conducted in nine pharmacies of three socioeconomic areas of Maputo city, from October 2018 to March 2019.ParticipantsThe study included 32 pharmacy clients and 17 pharmacists. The pharmacy clients included men 10 (31%) and women 22 (69%) ranging from 19 to 67 years while the pharmacists included men 6 (35,3%) and women 11 (64,7%) with ages ranging from 24 to 47 years.FindingsThe majority of the pharmacy clients 30 (93.75%) admitted frequent use of NPAs, 15 (88.2%) out of the 17 pharmacists admitted dispensing NPAs. While the majority of the participants (16) mentioned the use of amoxicillin, also known as ‘two colours medicine’, 14 mentioned the use of cotrimoxazole and seven mentioned amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Two to five participants also used tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, metronidazole and phenoxymethylpenicillin. The above mentioned NPAs were used to treat self-perceived sore throat, fever, pain, cough, vaginal discharge, eye problems, the common influenza, urinary infections, respiratory tract infections, wounds and toothaches.ConclusionsAntibiotics are perceived as essential medical resources to manage health and illnesses. While taking an active role in their health-disease process, participants commonly used amoxicillin, ‘two colours’, cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid to manage their health and that of their families. In this sense, the practices of SMAs were perceived as part of the self-care process and not necessarily as misuse of antibiotics. A wideunderstanding of health-seeking beliefs and behaviours regarding the utilisation of antibiotics is needed to inform public health experts, health policymakers and other stake-holders in designing and implementing public health education and health promotion programsat all levels in Mozambique.

scholarly journals Self-medication practice and associated factors among adults in Wolaita Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamirat Mathewos ◽  
Kassa Daka ◽  
Shimelis Bitew ◽  
Deresse Daka
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat their self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. Self-medication can decrease costs and enable health professionals to concentrate on more serious health problems. Aim: To assess self-medication practice and associated factors among adults in Wolaita Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 30 to October 30, 2017. A multi-stage sampling technique of drug retail outlets in Wolaita Soddo town was employed to identify 623 individuals that came to buy drugs in the past three months. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: About 33.7% of the respondents had practiced self-medication in the past 3 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47–3.36), low income (AOR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.32–6.73) and higher educational level (AOR = 5.79, 95% CI: 2.47–13.58) were the independent factors significantly affecting the practice of self-medication with drugs. Headache/fever (32.4%), respiratory tract infections (31.4%) and gastrointestinal diseases (16.2%) were the most frequently reported illnesses or symptoms of illnesses that prompted self-medication of study participants. Conclusion: Health education campaigns, strict legislations on dispensing drugs from private pharmacies, and improving accessibility and affordability of health care are among the important interventions required to change people’s health-seeking behavior and prevent the potential risks of self-medication.

scholarly journals Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Lelie- van der Zande ◽  
Marcel Bouvy ◽  
Martina Teichert
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Febrile Uti ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Aim: To study whether changes in drug preferences in the Dutch guideline for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) for General Practitioners (GPs) in 2013, resulted in corresponding changes in antibiotic dispensing. Background: For the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, nitrofurantoin remained the first choice, while fosfomycin became the second choice and changed ranks with trimethoprim. For a subsequent febrile UTI, ciprofloxacin became the first choice and changed ranks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole remained the third choice. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, routinely collected dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics from 2012 to 2017 were used. The number of women 18 years and older, treated with one of the guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI were analysed annually. Proportions were calculated. Data were stratified for age categories. Failure of uncomplicated UTI treatment was defined as the dispensing of an antibiotic for febrile UTI within 14 days after the dispensing of an antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI. Findings: Data were available from 81% of all pharmacies in 2012 to 89% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed nitrofurantoin were relatively stable with 87.4% in 2012 and 84.4% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 5.4% in 2012 to 21.8% in 2017, whereas percentages of women dispensed trimethoprim decreased from 17.8% to 8.0%. Within age categories, the percentage of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 12.4% in women 18–30 years old to 36.7% in women above 80 years old. Percentages of women dispensed antibiotics for febrile UTI remained stable at 5% annually. Percentages of women receiving ciprofloxacin increased from 1.9% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2017, while those receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased from 2.9% to 1.8%. New guideline recommendations resulted in corresponding changes in dispensed antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI. Drug choices differed for age categories.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of The Utilization Of Sanitation Clinic With The Prevention Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Disease In Majasem Public Health Center Working Area Cirebon City 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Dina Aulya Wahab ◽  
Mitha Erlisya Puspandhani ◽  
Shella Febiana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Utilization of clinical sanitation is where people use clinical sanitation room and follow activity in clinical saanitation. Efforts to prevent diseases of the upper respiratory tract, namely to prevent direct or indirect contact with patients with upper respiratory tract infections and using PPE, maintaining environmental cleanliness, maintaining personal hygiene with clean and healthy living behaviors in the household order. Depend on data of Public Health Office Cirebon at 2018, achievement program clinical sanitation just reach clinical sanitation is 30%, number of ISPA cases reach number 26.142 people. This research uses correlation descriptive, approach with cross sectional. Population is all of people in Puskesmas Working Area Cirebon as much 2.506 people. Sample technic which use is purposiv sampling technic as much 97 people. Instrumen which uses this research is questionare. Result of research shows 97 responden total responden which utilize clinical sanitation as much 88 responden or 90,7% more than which not utilize clinical sanitation as much 9,3%. P value which is got as bis as 0,00 and smller of value a = 0,05. This result shows that there is relation utilization of clinical sanitation which prevent ISPA disease in Puskesmas Working Area Majasem Cirebon.  Be expected that the agency more improve clinical sanitation program and educate the public related importance to maintain environmental health.

Health-seeking behaviour and practices among immigrant retail traders in an urban setting in North-Western Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Yendaw ◽  
Anthony Mwinilanaa Tampah-Naah
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to investigate the health-care-seeking behaviour and practices of West African migrants who reside and operate in Wa, Ghana, as itinerant retailers. Design/methodology/approach The study was cross-sectional and used the quantitative research approach. The analysis was done on a target population comprising 122 itinerant immigrant retail traders in Wa, Ghana. Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Findings Malaria was the commonest disease among them. Five in ten of the migrants preferred to report malaria episodes to a private health facility than to a government facility. Significant associations were identified between four dimensions (health facility, self-medication, home remedy and consult others) of health-seeking behaviour, and some background characteristics. The main reason why migrants prefer government health facilities was because of their better health personnel. They self-medicated because of easy accessibility of over-the-counter medicine shops. Also, when ill, the migrants usually consulted family members who would be in a position to take them home when their ailment worsens. Research limitations/implications Snowball sampling was used to select the respondents which could potentially lead to a sample that is not fully representative of the population in general. Originality/value Studies concerning migration and health in Ghana have been focused on internal migrants. Yet, minority immigrant traders equally encounter adverse health conditions but limited studies have been conducted to espouse their health-seeking behaviour. This study imperatively contributes to the subject matter that has limited literature in the country.

scholarly journals Public health insurance and birth outcomes: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najam uz Zehra Gardezi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Public Health Insurance ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Public health insurance targeted towards low-income households has gained traction in many developing countries. However, there is limited evidence as to the effectiveness of these programs in countries where institutional constraints may limit participation by the eligible population. This paper evaluates a recent health insurance initiative introduced in Pakistan and discusses whether eligibility for the programme improves maternal health seeking behaviour. The Prime Minister National Health Program provides free insurance coverage to low-income families. The programme is in the early phases of implementation and has, since 2016, only been rolled out in a few eligible districts within the country. This allows for a comparison of eligible households in districts where the programme has been introduced to those that are eligible to receive insurance at a future date. Using repeated cross-sectional data from multiple rounds of representative household survey, a difference-in-difference model has been estimated. Results show that at least for a specific beneficiary group (i.e. pregnant women), there has been a positive increase in utilization of hospital services. Furthermore, we provide evidence using mother fixed effects that the programme increased the likelihood of a child’s birth being documented. Since possession of a birth certificate can secure civic rights for a child, this is an unintended but positive outcome of the programme.

MATERNAL HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY IN ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyasha Chadoka-Mutanda ◽  
Clifford O. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

SummaryUnder-five mortality remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Zimbabwe is one of the countries in the region that failed to achieve Millennium Developmental Goal 4 in 2015. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which maternal health-seeking behaviour prior to and during pregnancy and post-delivery influences the likelihood of under-five mortality among Zimbabwean children. The study was cross-sectional and data were extracted from the 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The study sample comprised 5155 children who were born five years preceding the 2010/11 ZDHS to a sample of 4128 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Cox Proportional Hazard regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between maternal health-seeking behaviour and under-five mortality. The results showed that maternal health-seeking behaviour factors are associated with the risk of dying during childhood. Children born to mothers who had ever used contraceptives (HR: 0.38, CI 0.28–0.51) had a lower risk of dying during childhood compared with children born to mothers who had never used any contraceptive method. The risk of under-five mortality among children who had a postnatal check-up within two months after birth (HR: 0.36, CI 0.23–0.56) was lower than that of children who did not receive postnatal care. Small birth size (HR: 1.70, CI 1.20–2.41) and higher birth order (2+) increased the risk of under-five mortality. Good maternal health-seeking behaviour practices at the three critical stages around childbirth have the potential to reduce under-five mortality. Therefore, public health programmes should focus on influencing health-seeking behaviour among women and removing obstacles to effective maternal health-seeking behaviour in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Trends in Antibiotic Self-Medication for Dental Pathologies among Patients in the Dominican Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3092
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Aragoneses ◽  
Javier Aragoneses ◽  
Cinthia Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Algar ◽  
Ana Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The World Health Organisation has warned of the increase in antibiotic resistance, estimating that by 2050 it could become the leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies and literature reviews show a correlation between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance, with unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and azithromycin, being one of the main causative factors. An interview-based survey of 2160 participants was conducted to assess the prevalence in the practice of self-medication with antibiotics among dental patients in the Dominican Republic. A series of open-ended questions regarding self-medication and class of antibiotics were put to the patients. Over a third of the study population (39.7%) admitted to the practice of antibiotic self-medication. Most of the respondents (58.4%) who indulged in self-medication were females, and it was prevalent in the older adults between 32–42 years old (36%). There was a negative correlation between age and self-medication practice (p < 0.001) observed with point biserial correlation test. Binary logistic regression analysis found an odds ratio of 0.97 (p < 0.001). The most consumed antibiotics were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (52%), amoxicillin (31.1%), and azithromycin (10.1%). It is imperative to educate patients about the harmful effects of self-medication and to stress the need for governments to implement stricter laws on non-prescription drug availability.

scholarly journals Treatment seeking behavior among post-menopausal females attending out-patient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a tertiary care centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Yogendra Chouhan ◽  
Seema Patel
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Background: Onset of menopause causes a variety of somatic, sexual, vasomotor and psychological manifestations which can deteriorate the quality of life of women. According to sample registration system (SRS) 2014, the proportion of women aged 45-59 years is 15.3% and thus it is imperative for healthcare providers to focus more attention on the health of postmenopausal women. In India, however this phase of life is generally ignored. The objectives of the study were to determine the health seeking behavior of postmenopausal women with respect to the problems faced during menopause and to determine the utilization pattern and barriers to utilization of health care services.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study for one year period starting from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. Data collected using Systematic Random Sampling from 255 postmenopausal women and entered into MS excel 2007. Analysis done with Epi-Info 7.2. Chi- square applied as statistical test of significance and p<0.05 considered to be statistically significant.Results: In present study, majority (73.33%) participants did not take any treatment. 10.98% and 6.67% gave history of self medication and use of home remedies, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was found between treatment taken and factors like residing locality, education and socio-economic class. The most common reason for delayed or no treatment seeking was unawareness, followed by financial issues.Conclusions: Majority postmenopausal women faced one or more problems associated with menopause but very few sought treatment. Lack of knowledge and financial constraints were found to be major barriers to utilization of health services. 

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Pemungkin dengan Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan Anak Jalanan di Kota Bekasi Tahun 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Luna Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Good Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Abstract Street children have a high risk of health problems. This study aims to determine the enabling factors (shelter membership, availability of health insurance, accessibility of health care and social support) associated with the health seeking behavior of street children in Bekasi City. The study design was crosssectional with the sample size of 130 respondents. Analysis results showed that the most of the respondents (82,7%) had poor health seeking behavior. The results of bivariate analyzed showed that the availability of health insurance was significantly associated with health seeking behavior of the street children (p value = 0,054). Street children who had health insurance had an opportunity for good health seeking behavior 2,7 times higher than those who did not have health insurance. It was suggested that data collection of health seeking behavior and the safety of self medication was important as to determine the health needs of street children. Keywords : health seeking behavior, street children Abstrak Anak jalanan memiliki risiko tinggi gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor pemungkin (kepesertaan rumah singgah, ketersediaan jaminan kesehatan, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan dukungan sosial) dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan anak jalanan di Kota Bekasi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 130 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden (82,7%) melakukan perilaku pencarian pengobatan yang kurang baik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan jaminan kesehatan berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan anak jalanan (p value = 0,054). Anak jalanan yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan, memiliki peluang untuk pencarian pengobatan yang baik sebesar 2,7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak jalanan yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Disarankan pentingnya pendataan anak jalanan dan swamedikasi yang tepat dan aman bagi anak jalanan. Kata kunci : Perilaku, pencarian pengobatan, anak jalanan

scholarly journals Patients’ Perceptions of Hospital Care in a Covid-19 Pandemic Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Okechwukwu Felix Erondu ◽  
Michael Promise Ogolodom ◽  
Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba ◽  
Aniebo Nonyelum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with pandemonium and misinformation, affecting patients' health-seeking behavior. This study was designed to explore patients' perceptions of hospital care during this period and to provide evidence-based and appropriate public health planning strategies. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 155 patients using 22 items structured and self-completion questionnaires to determine (A) Socio-demographic variables, (B) Knowledge and perception of the disease, and (C) The participants’ behaviors towards COVID-19. A Hardcopy version of the questionnaire was administered to the respondents by direct issuance. Results: 103(66.45%) of the respondents knew the cause of COVID-19, while 104 (67.09%) agreed that people can be infected with COVID-19 in the hospital.  84 (54.19%) were afraid of a hospital visit and 66 (42.58%) are unwilling to self-report if they have minor symptoms. A large number 43(27.74%) perceived a clean environment as the impetus to make them comfortable in the hospital. Conclusion: Our study illuminates gaps in the patients’ perceptions of hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted negatively on the patient population as they avoided hospitalization for fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Furthermore, appropriate public health strategies can improve patients’ perceptions and health-seeking behavior in a pandemic period.

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