scholarly journals Prospective longitudinal study of ‘Sleepless in Lockdown’: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e053094
Author(s):  
Jane C Falkingham ◽  
Maria Evandrou ◽  
Min Qin ◽  
Athina Vlachantoni
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

ObjectivesCOVID-19 is having a disproportionate impact on Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and women. Concern over direct and indirect effects may also impact on sleep. We explore the levels and social determinants of self-reported sleep loss among the UK population during the pandemic, focusing on ethnic and gender disparities.SettingThis prospective longitudinal study analysed data from seven waves of the Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study collected from April 2020 to January 2021 linked to prepandemic data from the 2019 mainstage interviews, providing baseline information about the respondents prior to the pandemic.ParticipantsThe analytical sample included 8163 respondents aged 16 and above who took part in all seven waves with full information on sleep loss, defined as experiencing ‘rather more’ or ‘much more’ than usual sleep loss due to worry, providing 57 141 observations.Primary outcome measuresSelf-reported sleep loss. Mixed-effects regression models were fitted to consider within-individual and between-individual differences.ResultsWomen were more likely to report sleep loss than men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.4) over the 10-month period. Being female, having young children, perceived financial difficulties and COVID-19 symptoms were all predictive of sleep loss. Once these covariates were controlled for, the bivariate relationship between ethnicity and sleep loss (1.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4) was reversed (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8). Moreover, the strength of the association between gender and ethnicity and the risk of sleep loss varied over time, being weaker among women in July (0.6, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.7), September (0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8), November (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.0) and January 2021 (0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.9) compared with April 2020, but positively stronger among BAME individuals in May (1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1), weaker only in September (0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0).ConclusionsThe pandemic has widened sleep deprivation disparities, with women with young children, COVID-19 infection and BAME individuals experiencing sleep loss, which may adversely affect their mental and physical health.

A prospective longitudinal study of “Candidatus arthromitus”-associated rainbow trout gastroenteritis in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Del-Pozo ◽  
Margaret Crumlish ◽  
Hugh W. Ferguson ◽  
Darren M. Green ◽  
James F. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Falkingham ◽  
Maria Evandrou ◽  
Min Qin ◽  
Athina Vlachantoni
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Uk

Background: Covid-19 has been shown to be having a disproportionate impact on the health of individuals from different ethnic groups and those employed in certain occupations, whilst the indirect impacts of Covid-19, including the closure of schools and business and the move to home working, fall disproportionately on the young and on women. These factors may in turn impact upon sleep health. Research on sleep deprivation during the pandemic crisis to date has been limited. The present study aimed to explore the levels and social determinants of self-reported sleep loss among the general population during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK, with a particular focus on ethnic and gender disparities. Methods: Newly available national representative survey data from Understanding Society COVID19 Study collected during April 2020 were analysed. These data were linked to Wave 9 of Understanding Society conducted in 2018/19, providing information about the respondents prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. Cross-sectional analysis provided prevalence estimates, whilst analysis of the linked longitudinal data provided incidence estimates. The analytical sample included 15,360 respondents aged 16 and above; among these, 12,206 reported no problem of sleep loss before the epidemic. Results: Prevalence and incidence rates of perceived sleep loss were 24.7% and 20.2% respectively. Women (at the level of 31.8% and 27.0%) and individuals from Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) communities (at the level of 32.0% and 24.6%) were more vulnerable to sleep deprivation due to the pandemic. Multivariate regression analysis shows that being female, the presence of young children in the household, perceived financial difficulties and being a Covid-19-related key worker were all predictive of sleep loss. Once these covariates were controlled for the bivariate relationship between ethnicity and sleep loss was reversed, reflecting the complex interaction between the coronavirus epidemic and ethnicity. Conclusions: The pandemic has widened the disparity of sleep deprivation across different groups, with women with young children, key workers and people of BAME heritage all experiencing difficulty in sleeping, which in turn may negatively affect mental and physical health and well-being.

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