scholarly journals Nicotine dependence in community-dwelling Chinese patients with schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. e100014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Cai-Lan Hou ◽  
Xin-Rong Ma ◽  
Yu Zang ◽  
Fu-Jun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Illness Episode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

BackgroundSmoking is a serious public health problem. Patients with schizophrenia usually have a higher prevalence of smoking than the general population, but the level of nicotine dependence is seldom studied, especially for patients living in the communities.AimsThis study aimed to examine the level of nicotine dependence in Chinese community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia and explored its associated sociodemographic and clinical factors.MethodsA total of 621 patients with schizophrenia treated in the primary care centres of Guangzhou were consecutively recruited. The level of nicotine dependence was assessed with the Chinese version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).Results148 patients with schizophrenia were current smokers, and the mean (SD) score of FTND was 5.06 (2.55) for all the current smokers. The prevalence of nicotine addiction was 48.0% (95% CI: 40.0%-56.0%) in patients with current smoking. The patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher level of nicotine dependence than the Chinese general population. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that male gender, being unemployed, having a family history of psychiatric disorders, having major medical conditions, first illness episode and less severe positive symptoms were significantly associated with a higher level of nicotine dependence.ConclusionCommunity-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China, especially male patients, had a higher level of nicotine dependence than the general population.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Brain Structure in HIV Male Patients with Syphilis Co-Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qi ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xu-Ze Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of syphilis infection on the microstructure of white matter (WM) in HIV-infected male patients through comparing the differences of WM between HIV-infected male patients with and without syphilitic infection using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods 27 HIV-infected male patients with current syphilis or a history of syphilis (HIV+/syphilis+) and 29 HIV-infected male patients without syphilis co-infection history (HIV+/syphilis-) were enrolled. All patients received DTI and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Clinical data were compared between the two groups with T-test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Chi-square Test. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was adopted to analyze the DTI metrics. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between DTI metrics and clinical variables and cognitive performance. Results In the HIV+/syphilis+ group, decreased AD was found in the right superior corona radiata (SCR-R) and body of corpus callosum (BCC); increased RD was found in the bilateral posterior corona radiata (PCR), the right posterior thalamic radiation (PTR-R), the left SCR (SCR-L), splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) and BCC; decreased FA was found in multiple regions. AD in BCC was negatively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios. AD in SCR-R was positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios. Patients in HIV+/syphilis+ group had a lower score in complex motor skills (CMS). RD in SCC and SCR-L was negatively correlated with CMS; RD in PTR-R was positively correlated with CMS. AD in SCR-R was positively correlated with CMS. Conclusions Compared with patients simply infected with HIV, the integrity of WM is more seriously impaired in HIV-infected patients with syphilis co-infection, and it may accelerate the impairment of cognitive function.

Disability and Principal Lifetime Occupation in the Elderly

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Geroldi ◽  
Giovanni B. Frisoni ◽  
Renzo Rozzini ◽  
Marco Trabucchi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of

This study addresses the relationship of disability with principal lifetime occupation in the elderly. Daily function, cognitive, and physical health variables were assessed in an Italian population of 524 community-dwelling elders aged seventy and over. Farmers had 1.4 (95% C.I.: 0.6 to 2.2) instrumental daily functions lost higher than white-collar workers. Adjustment for age, education, and financial dissatisfaction with multiple linear regression analysis decreased the difference to a still significant figure of 0.9 (95% C.I.: 0.1 to 1.7). On the contrary, adjustment only for cognitive status resulted in complete disappearance of the association [0.2 functions lost (95% C.I.: −0.5 to 0.9)]. The data indicate that greater disability in the most disadvantaged occupational groups may be due to poorer cognition.

scholarly journals Association of Perceived Built Environment Attributes with Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Ambulatory Patients with Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Masashi Kanai ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Hiroki Kubo ◽  
Masafumi Nozoe ◽  
Kyoshi Mase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

There is little evidence on how perceptions of the built environment may influence physical activity among post-stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the associations between perceived built environment attributes and objectively measured physical activity outcomes in community-dwelling ambulatory patients with stroke. This cross-sectional study recruited patients who could walk outside without assistance. We assessed both objectively measured physical activity outcomes such as number of steps and duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with an accelerometer and the patients’ perceived surrounding built environment with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environmental Module. Sixty-one patients (67.0 years old) were included. The multiple linear regression analysis showed significant associations of the presence of sidewalks (β = 0.274, p = 0.016) and access to recreational facilities (β = 0.284, p = 0.010) with the number of steps taken (adjusted R2 = 0.33). In contrast, no significant associations were found between perceived built environment attributes and MVPA. These findings may help to suggest an approach to promote appropriate physical activity in patients with stroke depending on their surrounding built environment.

scholarly journals Natural history of diabetic macular edema and factors predicting outcomes in sham-treated patients (MEAD study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 257 (12) ◽  
pp. 2639-2653
Author(s):  
Young Hee Yoon ◽  
◽  
David S. Boyer ◽  
Raj K. Maturi ◽  
Francesco Bandello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
History Of

Abstract Purpose To describe the natural history of diabetic macular edema (DME) with respect to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) outcomes and to identify baseline patient characteristics and systemic factors associated with improvement or worsening of outcomes in sham-treated patients. Methods The study population was sham-treated patients (n = 350) in the 3-year MEAD registration study of dexamethasone intravitreal implant for treatment of DME. Patients had center-involved DME and received sham intravitreal injections in the study eye at ≥ 6-month intervals. Potential prognostic factors for outcomes were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results Visual and anatomic outcomes were poorer in patients who left the study early (n = 198) than in study completers (n = 152). Mean change in BCVA from baseline at the last visit with available data was + 0.9 letters; 37.5% of patients had no change in BCVA, 23.2% had gained > 10 letters, and 16.0% had lost > 10 letters. Older age and baseline diabetic retinopathy score > 6 were associated with worse BCVA outcomes; thicker baseline CRT and larger number of hypertension medications used were associated with larger reductions in CRT during the study. Conclusions BCVA and CRT outcomes were variable in this population of DME patients with generally good glycemic control. In DME patients without active treatment, older age and baseline diabetic retinopathy score > 6 were associated with less improvement in BCVA; thicker baseline CRT and a larger number of antihypertensive medications used predicted better improvement in CRT. Trial registration The MEAD study trials are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifiers NCT00168337 and NCT00168389.

scholarly journals The association of multimorbidity, loneliness, social exclusion and network size: findings from the population-based German Ageing Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Kristensen ◽  
Hans-Helmut König ◽  
André Hajek
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular Contact

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the association between multimorbidity and (i) loneliness, (ii) social exclusion and (iii) network size, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional data from a German representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 40 and over was used (N = 7604). Multimorbidity was indicated with the presence of two or more diseases. Self-rated loneliness was assessed with a short form of the validated De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and social exclusion was measured with a validated scale developed by Bude and Lantermann. Counts of important people in regular contact represented the network size of respondents. Results Multimorbidity was present in 68% of the sample. While controlling for potential confounders, multiple linear regression analysis yielded that multimorbidity was associated with increased loneliness (b = 0.08; p < 0.001) and increased social exclusion (b = 0.10; p < 0.01). Multimorbidity was also associated with an increased network size (b = 0.27; p < 0.001). Conclusion While there was an association between multimorbidity and increased social exclusion as well as increased loneliness, regressions also revealed an association between multimorbidity and an increased network size. Although the association between multimorbidity and our outcome measures is weak, its complex nature should be investigated further using a longitudinal approach.

MO884ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUADRICEPS ISOMETRIC STRENGTH AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES AMONG PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Yoshikoshi ◽  
Yuta Suzuki ◽  
Shohei Yamamoto ◽  
Manae Harada ◽  
Keigo Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background and Aims The muscle strength of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is lower than that of community-dwelling older adults. Because decreased muscle strength, especially quadriceps isometric strength (QIS), has been reported to be a risk factor for increased mortality rate among patients undergoing HD, the prevention and correction of decreased QIS are very important in this population. Although some factors associated with decreased QIS among patients on HD have been reported, these factors remain unclear because patients on HD have many comorbidities with increasing age and prolonged HD vintage. In community-dwelling older adults, sleep disturbance is reported to be a factor associated with reduced muscle strength. In addition, the prevalence of sleep disturbance is higher in patients on HD. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate these associations in this population. We examined the association between QIS and sleep disturbances among patients receiving HD. Method This cross-sectional study included 211 outpatients undergoing HD three times a week. To evaluate QIS, a handheld dynamometer (μtas F-1; Anima, Tokyo, Japan) was used. Patients were asked to sit on a bench with their hip and knee flexed at an angle of 90°. They performed isometric voluntary contraction of the quadriceps for a maximum of 5 seconds, thrice, for both legs. The average of the right and left maximal QIS divided by the dry weight (%DW) was used in the analysis. Sleep disturbances were measured using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), a self-administered questionnaire consisting of eight questions, each scored from 0 to 3. The total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicative of worse sleep quality. Clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, HD vintage, comorbidity score, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, and the Mini-Mental State Examination, were investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis and multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic splines with four knots were used to examine the association between QIS and sleep disturbances. Results The median age was 68 (interquartile range: 59–76) years, and 62% of the patients were men. In multiple linear regression analysis, the AIS score was extracted as a significant factor related to QIS after adjusting for clinical characteristics (regression coefficient: -0.45, 95% confidence interval: -0.84 to -0.05, p = 0.028). In the multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic splines, a nonlinear relationship was found between QIS and the AIS score even after adjusting for clinical characteristics. In addition, it was shown that QIS decreased significantly as the AIS score increased up to 6, which is the cutoff value for discriminating sleep disturbances (Figure). Conclusion Higher AIS scores were independently associated with decreased QIS among patients on HD. Future studies should investigate the causality between QIS and sleep disturbance in patients undergoing HD.

scholarly journals Variables affecting patellar height in patients undergoing primary total knee replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hamed Salem ◽  
Miten Rajendra Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Patellar Height ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Patella Baja ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Obese Male ◽  
Primary Total Knee

Abstract Background Alteration of patellar height is commonly encountered in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and failure to address patella baja can result in suboptimal functional outcomes. It may therefore be prudent to evaluate pre-operative patellar height (PPH) and to seek risk factors for patella baja. Methods Two hundred eighty-five patients who underwent TKA were included. Patient’s age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and history of prior arthroscopy were recorded. PPH was measured using plateau-patella angle (PPA) as well as the Blackburn-Peel (BP), Caton-Deschamps (CD), and Insall-Salvati (IS) ratios. Results The average patients’ age was 71 years with a mean BMI of 30.45. There were 191 female and 94 male patients. One-fourth of the cases had at least one prior knee arthroscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified gender and BMI as variables significantly affecting the IS ratio (p: < 0.05). Gender also had a significant correlation with PPA. Male patients were likely to have lower PPA (p: < 0.03). Though increasing age had a positive correlation with patellar height, this was not statistically significant. History of prior arthroscopy had no significant effect on any of the four PPH measurements. Conclusion Lower patellar height is significantly correlated to male gender and high BMI. We suggest that obese male patients be screened for pre-operative patella baja. This can help in surgical planning and optimizing results in TKA.

scholarly journals Smokers who seek help in specialized cessation clinics: How special are they compared to smokers in general population?

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy V. Samokhvalov ◽  
Peter Selby ◽  
Susan J Bondy ◽  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Anca Ialomiteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Health Monitor

Introduction: Patients of specialized nicotine dependence clinics are hypothesized to form a distinct subpopulation of smokers due to the features associated with treatment seeking. The aim of the study was to describe this subpopulation of smokers and compare it to smokers in general population.Material and methods: A chart review of 796 outpatients attending a specialized nicotine dependence clinic, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada was performed. Client smoking patterns and sociodemographic characteristics were compared to smokers in the general population using two Ontario surveys – the Ontario Tobacco Survey (n = 898) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor (n = 457).Results: Smokers who seek treatment tend to smoke more and be more heavily addicted. They were older, had longer history of smoking and greater number of unsuccessful quit attempts, both assisted and unassisted. They reported lower education and income, had less social support and were likely to live with other smokers.Conclusions: Smokers who seek treatment in specialized centers differ from the smokers in general population on several important characteristics. These same characteristics are associated with lower chances for successful smoking cessation and sustained abstinence and should be taken into consideration during clinical assessment and treatment planning.

scholarly journals The effects of backward, upward, rightward pressure maneuver for intubation using the OptiscopeTM: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-hoon Oh ◽  
Sang-kwon Heo ◽  
Seung-Uk Cheon ◽  
Seung-Ah Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Intubation Time ◽  
Dental Injury ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Neck Rotation ◽  
Interincisor Distance ◽  
Group B

Background: The OptiscopeTM and the backward, upward, rightward pressure (BURP) maneuver are widely used in clinical practice because the BURP maneuver facilitates intubation by improving visualization of the larynx. However, the effect of the BURP maneuver is unclear when using the OptiscopeTM. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the effect of the BURP maneuver on intubation using the OptiscopeTM.Methods: Sixty-eight patients intubated with the OptiscopeTM were enrolled. We used the BURP maneuver in Group A (n = 33) and the conventional maneuver (which does not use the BURP maneuver) in Group B (n = 35). BURP application status was a binary variable representing whether the BURP maneuver was used during the intubation. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the BURP application status on intubation time controlling for body mass index, preoperative dental injury status, obstructive sleep apnea history, thyromental distance, sternomental distance (SMD), interincisor distance, history of neck rotation restriction, and Mallampati classification.Results: There was no difference in the intubation time between the two groups. According to the regression model (R2 = 0.308, P = 0.007), the BURP maneuver (Group A) decreased the intubation time by 6.089 seconds (95% confidence interval 1.303–10.875, P = 0.014) compared to Group B.Conclusion: The BURP maneuver reduced intubation time when using the OptiscopeTM.

scholarly journals Associations between the Duration and Frequency of Sedentary Bouts and Adiposity in Elderly Community-Dwelling Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Pechová ◽  
Jana Pelclová ◽  
Aleš Gába ◽  
Izabela Zając-Gawlak ◽  
Lenka Tlučáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strong Negative Association ◽  
Sedentary Bouts

Background: This study aimed to describe the frequency and duration of sedentary bouts and assess the bidirectional cross-sectional associations between these characteristics and adiposity in elderly women. Methods: Data from 314 elderly community-dwelling women (mean age 66.6&plusmn;6.5 years) from Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia were analyzed. Measures were collected in 2008&ndash;2017. Fat mass percentage (FM%) was used as an indicator of adiposity. The patterns of sedentary behaviour were monitored using an accelerometer, and &ge;5, &ge;10, &ge;20, &ge;30, &ge;40, and &ge;60 minute bouts were analyzed. The exponent alpha was also calculated to express the accumulation of sedentary time in bouts. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis to assess the bidirectional causal association between variables. Results: There was a significant association of FM% with time spent in bouts with a duration &ge;5, &ge;10, &ge;20min (&beta; ranging 0.11&ndash;0.28, p&le;0.01) and the frequency of bouts with a length &ge;5, &ge;10, &ge;20, and &ge;30min (&beta; ranging 0.03&ndash;0.74, p&le;0.05) in fully-adjusted models. In contrast, a strong negative association was observed between FM% and alpha (bout distribution) in both directions (p&le;0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the sedentary characteristics such as bout duration, bout frequency, and distribution (alpha) are bidirectionally associated with adiposity and they should be considered in further research in older adults.

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