Evaluation of the impact of the voluntary safety standard for liquid laundry packets on the rate of child exposures reported to Poison Control Centers in the US

2021 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-044115
Author(s):  
Gregory B Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hazard Warnings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the voluntary safety standard for liquid laundry packets on the rate of child exposures reported to Poison Control Centers in the US.MethodsThe analysis was based on an interrupted time series design. The voluntary safety standard for laundry packets was published at the end of 2015. Data on reported liquid laundry packet exposures involving children under age 6 years were collected for the July 2012 through December 2017 study period. A negative binomial multiple regression model for rate data was used to quantify the impact of the voluntary standard on (1) the rate of total reported exposures and (2) the rate of reported exposures that were medically treated. The analysis controlled for laundry packet sales, time trends and seasonal variations in reported exposures.ResultsThe voluntary safety standard was associated with a 28.6% reduction in the rate of total reported exposures and a 36.8% reduction in the rate of medically treated exposures. The analysis also provides some evidence that these estimated reductions may underestimate overall reductions in the rate of reported exposures if pre-standard packaging improvements and possible caregiver behavioural responses to laundry packet hazard warnings are considered.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests that the requirements of the voluntary standard have effectively reduced the rate of injury involving liquid laundry packets.

scholarly journals Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Tyler J Lane
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Shuman Tan ◽  
Eun Sug Park ◽  
Jinuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design ◽  
Analyze Data

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

scholarly journals Does Eco-labeling of Services Matter? Evidence from Higher Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hickman ◽  
Andrew G. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
University Presidents ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
College And University ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Eco-labeling of services has become increasingly common, yet little empirical evidence exists concerning its effectiveness. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a highly visible eco-label, the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), in the sector of higher education. We match information about the ACUPCC to the US Department of Education IPEDS database to examine the impact of signing on student applications, admissions, and enrollment. We mainly utilize a difference-in-difference approach to identify the effects of interest but confirm results with an interrupted time series model. We find that signing the ACUPCC increases applications and admitted students by 2.5–3.5 %. However, the evidence regarding enrollment is weaker with only some specifications finding increases of around 1–2 %. Overall, there is considerable heterogeneity across sectors and selectivity of the institutions. These results show that, at the minimum, voluntary and information-based approaches (VIBAs) for services can be effective in generating visibility and influencing less-costly consumer behavior.

scholarly journals Scaling-up implementation in community hospitals: a multisite interrupted time series design of the Mobilization of Vulnerable Elders (MOVE) program in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayna Holroyd-Leduc ◽  
◽  
Charmalee Harris ◽  
Jemila S. Hamid ◽  
Joycelyne E. Ewusie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Time Series Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Abstract Background As the population ages, older hospitalized patients are at increased risk for hospital-acquired morbidity. The Mobilization of Vulnerable Elders (MOVE) program is an evidence-informed early mobilization intervention that was previously evaluated in Ontario, Canada. The program was effective at improving mobilization rates and decreasing length of stay in academic hospitals. The aim of this study was to scale-up the program and conduct a replication study evaluating the impact of the evidence-informed mobilization intervention on various units in community hospitals within a different Canadian province. Methods The MOVE program was tailored to the local context at four community hospitals in Alberta, Canada. The study population was patients aged 65 years and older who were admitted to medicine, surgery, rehabilitation and intensive care units between July 2015 and July 2016. The primary outcome was patient mobilization measured by conducting visual audits twice a week, three times a day. The secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay obtained from hospital administrative data, and perceptions of the intervention assessed through a qualitative assessment. Using an interrupted time series design, the intervention was evaluated over three time periods (pre-intervention, during, and post-intervention). Results A total of 3601 patients [mean age 80.1 years (SD = 8.4 years)] were included in the overall analysis. There was a significant increase in mobilization at the end of the intervention period compared to pre-intervention, with 6% more patients out of bed (95% confidence interval (CI) 1, 11; p-value = 0.0173). A decreasing trend in median length of stay was observed, where patients on average stayed an estimated 3.59 fewer days (95%CI -15.06, 7.88) during the intervention compared to pre-intervention period. Conclusions MOVE is a low-cost, effective and adaptable intervention that improves mobilization in older hospitalized patients. This intervention has been replicated and scaled up across various units and hospital settings.

scholarly journals Capital Asset Pricing Model, Theory and Practice: Evidence from USA (2009-2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad AbdelMohsen Al-Afeef
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Stock Market Index ◽  
Market Return ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Stock Market Return ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

This study discussed the Capital Assets Pricing model (CAPM) and its ability to measure the required return, the researcher tested this model on Amazon Company listed in S&P 500 during the period (2009-2016), to measure the impact of beta stock and market index return on the required return. Multiple regression model was used to test the effect of independent variables (Beta stock, Market Index Return) on the dependent variable (Required return), it should be noted that there is a statistically significant impact of the US stock market Return (S&P500) and Amazon stock Beta factor on Amazon stock required return, and the study model explanatory was 20% , this means that 20% of the changes in the required return are due to beta and market return, and 80% of the changes due to other factors, also find that CAPM can be applied on efficiency markets and huge companies.The researcher recommends applying the variables of the study on a group of large companies in the S&P 500 index, and looking for other factors that may affect the required return.

Promoting Stair Climbing in a Worksite and Public Setting: Are Footprints Enough?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Van Hoecke ◽  
Jan Seghers ◽  
Filip Boen
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of footprints on stair climbing in different settings. Design: Interrupted time-series design. Setting: A company (stair/elevator choice) and a mall (stair/escalator choice). Participants: Employees (n = 5676) and visitors of the mall (n = 12 623). Intervention: An intervention comprising 3 consecutive phases was implemented—(1) footprints leading to the stairs were stuck on the floor, (2) a health message referring to the footprints was introduced, and (3) passersby were congratulated for their increased stair use. Measures: Stair climbing was observed before (ie, baseline), during, and 6 to 13 weeks after (ie, follow-up) the intervention. Analysis: Proportions of stair climbers were compared using χ2 analyses. Results: The footprints resulted in a closely significant increase in stair climbing in the company (from 27.7% at baseline to 31.2% in phase 1). However, they did not produce any effect in the mall. Introducing a health message yielded an additional 12.4% increase in stair climbing in the company and a significant 11.4% increase in the mall (22.3% in phase 2). Congratulating people did not further increase stair climbing. At follow-up, the proportions of stair climbers dropped but still exceeded baseline. Conclusion: Footprints tend to increase stair climbing in a worksite setting with a stair/escalator choice but not in a public setting with a stair/elevator choice. Adding a meaningful message seems essential to obtain stronger and longer term effects.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on New Cancer Diagnoses and Oncology Care in Manitoba

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 3081-3090
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Decker ◽  
Pascal Lambert ◽  
Allison Feely ◽  
Oliver Bucher ◽  
Julian O. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Intravenous Chemotherapy ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Individuals with cancer are vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Physical distancing, the reallocation of health care resources, and the implementation of procedures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may also have serious consequences for people with cancer. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on new cancer diagnoses and oncology care in Manitoba, Canada using an interrupted time series design and data from the Manitoba Cancer Registry and CancerCare Manitoba’s (CCMB) electronic medical record. In April 2020, there was a 23% decrease in new cancer diagnoses, a 21% decrease in pathology reports, and a 43% reduction in surgical resections. There was no difference in new cancer diagnoses by August 2020, surgery by July 2020, and pathology reports by September 2020. From April 2020 to June 2021, there was a 13% decrease in radiotherapy (RT) fractions, an 18% decrease in UCC visits, and a 52% decrease in in-person visits. There was no change in intravenous chemotherapy visits per month, first RT visits, or overall patient visits. The impact of COVID-19 on shifts in the stage at diagnosis and survival will be assessed in future analyses.

The Impact of High Intensity Street Lighting on Nighttime Business Burglary

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Time Series Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This paper analyzes an experiment designed to demonstrate the effects of high intensity street lights on nighttime crime. The statistical methodology is developed around an interrupted time series design and illustrates the hazards that can arise if the serial dependence of successive observations is ignored.

The Impact of Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Rule on Economic Growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUSSEF COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Third World ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

The question posed in this article is whether the record of economic growth of Third World countries so far supports the claim that at a certain stage late industrialization is best served by bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes. A multiple interrupted time-series design is used to assess and compare the impact of bureaucratic-authoritarian and democratic regimes on economic growth in South America.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document