Workplace smoke-free policies that allow heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes use are associated with use of both these products and conventional tobacco smoking: the 2018 JASTIS study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055465
Author(s):  
Yanakawee Siripongvutikorn ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Sumiyo Okawa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios

ObjectivesHeated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly gaining popularity, especially in Japan. However, at the time of the survey (2018), there was no national legislation banning HTPs or e-cigarette use in the workplace. The objective is to examine the current situation for workplace smoke-free policies which ban the use of HTPs/e-cigarettes and the associations of such rules with the use of HTP and e-cigarette as well as conventional cigarette smoking.MethodsAn internet-based self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted in 2018 as a part of the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey study. 5646 eligible employees aged 15–72 years were analysed. Proportions and adjusted rate ratios for HTP and e-cigarette use were calculated according to covariates, using Poisson regression models. Those who reported HTP or e-cigarette use within 30 days were defined as current user of the products.ResultsIn workplaces which prohibited smoking indoors but permitted the use of HTPs/e-cigarettes, the rate ratios of HTP use was 2.19 (95% CI 1.57 to 3.06), e-cigarette use was 3.86 (95% CI 1.97 to 7.57) and combustible cigarette use was 1.67 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.34) when using workplaces which also prohibited HTPs/e-cigarettes as a reference category.ConclusionsWorkplaces that allow HTP/e-cigarette use indoors were associated with higher rate for HTP and e-cigarette users, and for combustible cigarette smokers. National legislation banning tobacco should be enforced and also cover HTPs and e-cigarettes in order to avoid renormalisation of smoking and nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Comparing Factors Related to Any Conventional Cigarette Smokers, Exclusive New Alternative Product Users, and Non-Users among Japanese Youth: A Nationwide Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kuwabara ◽  
Aya Kinjo ◽  
Maya Fujii ◽  
Aya Imamoto ◽  
Yoneatsu Osaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Japanese Youth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of heated-tobacco-products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on youth is a controversial public health issue, as it is unknown whether alternative products result in more youth using such products or smoking. In Japan, e-cigarettes with nicotine are prohibited, but e-cigarettes without nicotine are available. HTPs are marketed as tobacco products. Within this unique context, we aimed to compare any conventional cigarette smokers (including those who also used alternative products) with exclusive users of alternative products and examine factors relating to their use in Japan. In 2017, 22,275 students in grades 7–9 (age 12–15) and 42,142 in grades 10–12 (age 15–18) nationwide were surveyed. Overall, 1.8% were current users of any of the three products over the last month. Multivariable analysis revealed that risk factors for alternative product use were the same as those for cigarette use. Among all users, exclusive new product users were more likely to participate in club activities and intend to continue to higher education; any conventional cigarette users (including those who also used alternative products) were more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke at home and to drink alcohol. Reducing adult smoking and disseminating health education remain relevant as strategies for preventing adolescents’ future tobacco use.

scholarly journals Polytobacco product use among current cigarette smokers in Hong Kong, China: results from population surveys (2015–17)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Chau ◽  
M. P. Wang ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
D. Y. T. Cheung ◽  
A. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Polytobacco product use is increasingly popular, but little is known about the prevalence, trend, and factors of such use particularly in non-western countries. Method A representative sample of 1139 current cigarette smokers aged 15+ (84.1% male) were telephone interviewed in Tobacco Control Policy-related Surveys in 2015–2017. Information collected included poly-tobacco use (PTU), smoking and socio-demographic characteristics. Associations of current PTU with related factors were analyzed using logistic regression with adjustment for confounders. Prevalence was weighted by age and sex of current cigarette users in the general population. Results Eighty-four point one percent (95% CI 81.4–86.6%) were exclusive cigarette smokers. Fifteen point nine percent (13.4–18.6%) were current polytobacco product users, 12.3% (10.2–14.8%) used one tobacco product and 2.52% (1.59–3.97%) used two tobacco products in addition to cigarette. Cigarette use with cigar was more common (6.28%, 4.75–8.27%), and the least used product with cigarette was e-cigarette (1.05%, 0.44–2.50%). The changes in overall prevalence of PTU by number of products use varied in 3 years. Current PTU was associated with being male (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12–3.61), younger age (AORs range from 1.34–4.65, P for trend < .001) and less ready to quit (2.08, 1.09–3.97). Conclusions Prevalence of PTU increased slowly by year, one tobacco product use with cigarette was more common. The most used tobacco product with cigarette was cigar. Being male, younger and less ready to quit were associated with current PTU.

Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Harm From Specific Tobacco Products: Findings From the H.I.N.T. Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110261
Author(s):  
Wenxue Lin ◽  
Joshua E. Muscat
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Medical Recommendations

Purpose: Determine whether dual tobacco users have different levels of knowledge about nicotine addiction, perceived harm beliefs of low nicotine cigarettes (LNCs) and beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) Design: Quantitative, Cross-sectional Setting: Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (Cycle 3, 2019) Participants: Nationally representative adult non-smokers (n=3113), exclusive cigarette smokers (n=302), and dual (cigarette and e-cigarette) users (n=77). Measures: The survey included single item measures on whether nicotine causes addiction and whether nicotine causes cancer. A five-point Likert scale assessed comparative harm of e-cigarettes and LNCs relative to conventional combustible cigarettes (1=much more harmful, 3=equally harmful…5 = much less harmful, or don’t know). Analysis: We used weighted multiple linear regression model to estimate means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of e-cigarettes and LNCs beliefs by current tobacco user status. Results: Over 97% of dual users, 83% of non-smokers and 86% of exclusive cigarette smokers correctly identified that nicotine is addictive. The majority of subjects incorrectly identified nicotine as a cause of cancer, with dual users having the lowest proportion of incorrect responses (60%). Dual users rated e-cigarette harmfulness as less harmful than combustibles (mean=2.20; 95% CI=1.73, 2.66) while exclusive cigarette smokers and non-smokers rated them as similarly harmful. LNCs were considered equally harmful and addictive as conventional cigarettes. Conclusion: Dual users had a higher knowledge base of tobacco-related health effects. The effectiveness of policies or medical recommendations to encourage smokers to switch from cigarettes to LNCs or e-cigarettes will need to consider accurate and inaccurate misperceptions about the harm and addictiveness of nicotine. Improved public health messages about different tobacco products are needed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Dependence across Different Types of Nicotine Containing Products and Coffee

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Karl Fagerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smoking Index

Introduction: Few studies have compared the dependence to different tobacco and nicotine products. Even less is known about how it relates to dependence on other common drugs, e.g., caffeine. In this study degree of dependence was compared between snus, cigarettes, nicotine replacement (NR), electronic cigarettes and coffee. Methods: A random sample of Swedish citizens belonging to an internet panel were contacted from September to October 2017. The responders were asked among other related things about their use of snus, NR, traditional cigarette or e-cigarette use and coffee consumption. The indicators of dependence used were: (A) the Heavy Smoking Index, (B) The proportions that used within 30 min after raising in the morning, (C) rating the first use in the morning as the most important and (D) Stating that it would be very hard to give up entirely. Results: Significantly fewer coffee drinkers started use within 30 min of awakening compared with all other products. The first use of the day was found to be more important for snus users compared with other products. On HSI there was no difference between snus and cigarettes. Snus and cigarettes were rated as being more difficult to give up than NR and coffee. Conclusion: Dependence to traditional cigarettes and snus seem to be relatively similar while NR was rated lower and coffee lowest. Since the prevalence of caffeine use in all forms is so much more prevalent than nicotine there might be more persons in the society heavily dependent on caffeine. Implication: Tobacco products are likely more dependence forming than NR products and coffee although there might be more people dependent on caffeine. The addiction to coffee or caffeine is seldom discussed in the society probably because of the little or no harm it causes. Funding: The Snus Commission in Sweden (snuskommissionen) funded the data collection. No funding used for the analysis and writing of manuscript.

scholarly journals Uptake and Perceptions of E-cigarette use in Vascular Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Rachael Taylor ◽  
David Sidloff ◽  
Robert D. Sayers ◽  
Matthew J. Bown ◽  
Athanasios Saratzis
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Initial Interviews

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular. However, little is known regarding their patterns of use in patients with established CVD.Aims: We aimed to assess the perceptions and patterns of use of e-cigarettes in patients presenting to a vascular clinic.Methods: We performed a qualitative study to identify perceptions and beliefs about e-cigarettes. Semi-structured interviews of consecutive patients consenting to participate were performed over five-months. Individuals were recruited from a vascular surgery outpatient clinic. Initial interviews were based on a questionnaire. Further structured interviews were conducted with patients currently using e-cigarettes, which were transcribed and analysed to assess perceptions and patterns of use.Results/Findings: Four overarching themes emerged: attraction to e-cigarettes as a harm reduction/smoking cessation strategy; uncertainty regarding the risks of e-cigarettes; use of various types of smoking cessation strategies; dual use and often complete relapse to tobacco products.Conclusions: Patients with established CVD view e-cigarettes as a means of smoking cessation; however, many relapse to tobacco products or use both simultaneously. Further research is necessary regarding the role of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation in this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Antismoking Advertisements and Price Promotions and Their Association With the Urge to Smoke and Purchases in a Virtual Convenience Store: Randomized Experiment

10.2196/14143 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. e14143
Author(s):  
Lauren McCarl Dutra ◽  
James Nonnemaker ◽  
Brian Bradfield ◽  
Nathaniel Taylor ◽  
Jamie Guillory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
Former Smokers

Background Point of sale (POS) advertising is associated with smoking initiation, current smoking, and relapse among former smokers. Price promotion bans and antismoking advertisements (ads) are 2 possible interventions for combating POS advertising. Objective The purpose of this analysis was to determine the influence of antismoking ads and promotions on urges to smoke and tobacco purchases. Methods This analysis examined exposure to graphic (graphic images depicting physical consequences of tobacco use) and supportive (pictures of and supportive messages from former smokers) antismoking ads and promotions in a virtual convenience store as predictors of urge to smoke and buying tobacco products among 1200 current cigarette smokers and 800 recent quitters recruited via a Web-based panel (analytical n=1970). We constructed linear regression models for urge to smoke and logistic regression models for the odds of purchasing tobacco products, stratified by smoking status. Results The only significant finding was a significant negative relationship between exposure to supportive antismoking ads and urge to smoke among current smokers (beta coefficient=−5.04, 95% CI −9.85 to −0.22; P=.04). There was no significant relationship between graphic antismoking ads and urge to smoke among current smokers (coefficient=−3.77, 95% CI −8.56 to 1.02; P=.12). Neither relationship was significant for recent quitters (graphic: coefficient=−3.42, 95% CI −8.65 to 1.81; P=.15 or supportive: coefficient=−3.82, 95% CI −8.99 to 1.36; P=.20). There were no significant differences in urge to smoke by exposure to promotions for current smokers (coefficient=−1.06, 95% CI −4.53 to 2.41; P=.55) or recent quitters (coefficient=1.76, 95% CI −2.07 to 5.59; P=.37). There were also no differences in tobacco purchases by exposure to graphic (current smokers: coefficient=0.93, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.29; P=.66 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.73, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.19; P=.20) or supportive (current smokers: coefficient=1.05, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.46; P=.78 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.73, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.18; P=.20) antismoking ads or price promotions (current smokers: coefficient=1.09, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.38; P=.49 and recent quitters: coefficient=0.90, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.31; P=.60). Conclusions The results of this analysis support future research on the ability of supportive antismoking ads to reduce urges to smoke among current cigarette smokers. Research on urges to smoke has important tobacco control implications, given the relationship between urge to smoke and smoking cigarettes, time to next smoke, and amount smoked.

scholarly journals Instruments to Measure E-Cigarette Related Constructs: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunhee Park ◽  
Misol Kwon ◽  
Thomas Chacko ◽  
Maciej Goniewicz ◽  
Chin-Shang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are relatively new tobacco products that are attracting public attention due to their unique features, especially their many flavor options and their potential as an alternative to cigarettes. However, uncertainties remain regarding the determinants and consequences of e-cigarette use because current research on e-cigarettes is made more difficult due to the lack of valid and reliable instruments that measure e-cigarette related constructs. This systematic review therefore seeks to identify the instruments proposed by researchers in the field that are designed to assess various aspects of e-cigarette use or its related constructs and analyze the evidence presented regarding the psychometric properties of the identified instruments.Methods This systematic review utilized six search engines: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE, to identify articles published in the peer-reviewed journals from inception to June 2018 that contained development or validation processes for these instruments.Results Eighteen articles describing the development or validation of 20 unique instruments were identified. Beliefs, perception, motive, e-cigarette use, and dependence, were the most commonly assessed e-cigarette related constructs. The included studies reported either construct or criterion validity, with 14 studies reporting both. Most studies did not report the content validity; for reliability, most reported internal consistencies using Cronbach’s alpha, with 15 instruments reporting Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70 for the scale or its subscales.Conclusions Twenty instruments with a reported development or validation process to measure e-cigarette related constructs are currently available for practitioners and researchers.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use and Future Cigarette Initiation Among Never Smokers and Relapse Among Former Smokers in the PATH Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McMillen ◽  
Jonathan D. Klein ◽  
Karen Wilson ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff ◽  
Susanne Tanski
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Never Smokers

Objectives: Any potential harm-reduction benefit of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) could be offset by nonsmokers who initiate e-cigarette use and then smoke combustible cigarettes. We examined correlates of e-cigarette use at baseline with combustible cigarette smoking at 1-year follow-up among adult distant former combustible cigarette smokers (ie, quit smoking ≥5 years ago) and never smokers. Methods: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal study, surveyed 26 446 US adults during 2 waves: 2013-2014 (baseline) and 2014-2015 (1-year follow-up). Participants completed an audio computer-assisted interview in English or Spanish. We compared combustible cigarette smoking at 1-year follow-up by e-cigarette use at baseline among distant former combustible cigarette smokers and never smokers. Results: Distant former combustible cigarette smokers who reported e-cigarette past 30-day use (9.3%) and ever use (6.7%) were significantly more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (1.3%) to have relapsed to current combustible cigarette smoking at follow-up ( P < .001). Never smokers who reported e-cigarette past 30-day use (25.6%) and ever use (13.9%) were significantly more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (2.1%) to have initiated combustible cigarette smoking ( P < .001). Adults who reported past 30-day e-cigarette use (7.0%) and ever e-cigarette use (1.7%) were more likely than those who had never used e-cigarettes (0.3%) to have transitioned from never smokers to current combustible cigarette smokers ( P < .001). E-cigarette use predicted combustible cigarette smoking in multivariable analyses controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Policies and counseling should consider the increased risk for nonsmokers of future combustible cigarette smoking use as a result of using e-cigarettes and any potential harm-reduction benefits e-cigarettes might bring to current combustible cigarette smokers.

Abstract 17459: Sex Differences in Hypertension Associated With Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Use

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohinder Reddy Vindhyal ◽  
Elizabeth Ablah ◽  
Hayrettin Okut ◽  
Paul M NDUNDA ◽  
K James Kallail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Similar Risk

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading cardiovascular risk factors, with a prevalence of almost 875 million individuals worldwide. Hypertension prevalence is higher among men than women until after menopause. No studies have determined if there is a relationship between hypertension and the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cig). This study sought to determine the sex differences in hypertension association with tobacco and E-Cigarette use Methods: National Health Interview Survey Data from years 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses with Fisher’s Scoring iterative algorithm determined the covariate-adjusted and weighted odds ratios of clinical cardiovascular outcomes (i.e. hypertension) and their potential association with use of tobacco or e-cigarettes by sex after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI). Results: A total of 121,705 participants completed the survey and met inclusion criteria of which 66,762 were female users and 54,943 were male users. Female e-cigarette users were 2.23 times more likely (95% CI:1.29 - 3.86, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never used cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Female cigarette smokers were 1.63 times more likely (95% CI: 1.32 – 2.01, P < 0.05), and male cigarette smokers were 1.34 times more likely (95% CI :1.12 -1.60, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never used cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Female and male dual users (of E-Cig and tobacco) had similar odds of 1.40 (95% CI 1.08 -1.83, P < 0.05), and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.13 - 1.77, P < 0.05) to report hypertension than those who never smoked. Discussion: The findings from this study suggest that females reporting current e-cigarette use had the highest odds of reporting hypertension, followed by female tobacco smokers. Both male and female dual users had similar risk of hypertension.

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