Running sprint interval training induces fat loss in women

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Hazell ◽  
Craig D. Hamilton ◽  
T. Dylan Olver ◽  
Peter W.R. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

Data on whether sprint interval training (SIT) (repeated supermaximal intensity, short-duration exercise) affects body composition are limited, and the data that are available suggest that men respond more favourably than do women. Moreover, most SIT data involve cycling exercise, and running may differ because of the larger muscle mass involved. Further, running is a more universal exercise type. This study assessed whether running SIT can alter body composition (air displacement plethysmography), waist circumference, maximal oxygen consumption, peak running speed, and (or) the blood lipid profile. Fifteen recreationally active women (age, 22.9 ± 3.6 years; height, 163.9 ± 5.1 cm; mass, 60.8 ± 5.2 kg) completed 6 weeks of running SIT (4 to 6, 30-s “all-out” sprints on a self-propelled treadmill separated by 4 min of rest performed 3 times per week). Training decreased body fat mass by 8.0% (15.1 ± 3.6 to 13.9 ± 3.4 kg, P = 0.002) and waist circumference by 3.5% (80.1 ± 4.2 to 77.3 ± 4.4 cm, P = 0.048), whereas it increased fat-free mass by 1.3% (45.7 ± 3.5 to 46.3 ± 2.9 kg, P = 0.05), maximal oxygen consumption by 8.7% (46 ± 5 to 50 ± 6 mL/(kg·min), P = 0.004), and peak running speed by 4.8% (16.6 ± 1.7 to 17.4 ± 1.4 km/h, P = 0.026). There were no differences in food intake assessed by 3-day food records (P > 0.329) or in blood lipids (P > 0.595), except for a slight decrease in high-density lipoprotein concentration (1.34 ± 0.28 to 1.24 ± 0.24 mmol/L, P = 0.034). Running SIT is a time-efficient strategy for decreasing body fat while increasing aerobic capacity, peak running speed, and fat-free mass in healthy young women.

scholarly journals Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Emily Dunn ◽  
Mark Eys ◽  
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Improve Health

Sprint-interval training (SIT) is a viable method to improve health and fitness. However, researchers have questioned the utility of SIT because of its strenuous nature. The current study aimed to determine if manipulating the sprint and recovery duration, while maintaining the 1:8 work to rest ratio, could uncover a more favourable SIT protocol. Nine healthy active males (age, 23.3 ± 3.0 years; body mass index, 22.4 ± 2.2 kg·m−2; maximal oxygen consumption, 48.9 ± 5.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in 3 experimental running SIT sessions: (i) 30:240 (4 × 30-s efforts, 240-s recovery), (ii) 15:120 (8 × 15-s efforts, 120-s recovery), (iii) 5:40 (24 × 5-s efforts, 40-s recovery), and (iv) a final behavioural choice follow-up session. Affect, intentions, task self-efficacy, enjoyment, and preference were evaluated. Midway through exercise, affect became more positive for 5:40 compared with 30:240 (p < 0.05) and postexercise affect was greater for both 5:40 (p = 0.014) and 15:120 (p = 0.015) compared with 30:240. Participants expressed greater intentions to perform 5:40 3 and 5 times/week compared with 15:120 and 30:240 (p < 0.05). Participants felt more confident in their ability to perform 5:40 (p = 0.001) and 15:120 (p = 0.008) compared with 30:240. The 5:40 session was also rated as more enjoyable than 15:120 (p = 0.025) and 30:240 (p = 0.026). All participants preferred the 5:40 protocol. These data suggest that shorter sprints with more repetitions are perceived as more enjoyable and lead to greater intentions to engage in SIT.

scholarly journals Body composition and maximal oxygen consumption in adult soccer players in the Republic of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Jasmina Pluncevikj Gligoroska ◽  
Sanja Manchevska ◽  
Ljudmila Efremova ◽  
Lidija Todorovska ◽  
Slobodan Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mean Values

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between active and passive body mass components and maximal aerobic consumption (VO2max) in adult male soccer players.Methods: The study involved seven hundred (700) male soccer players, mean age 25.06 ± 4.41 years (range 18 to 35), divided in six age groups. Body composition was assessed according the anthropometric protocol by Matiegka, and relative muscle mass (MM%), bone (BM%) and fat (BF%)  and absolute muscle mass (MMkg), bone (BMkg) and fat (BFkg) components were calculated. The Bruce protocol (incremental multistage treadmill test) was used for the estimation of maximal oxygen consumption.Results: Mean values of body mass components for total sample were as follows: muscle mass (MM%)= 52.75 ± 2.63%, bone mass (BM%)=16.63 ± 1.29% and body fat (BF%)=14.12 ± 1.54%.  Mean VO2max was 48.89±5.17 ml/kg/minute. Relative muscle mass (MM%) showed similar values across age different groups (ANOVA: F=2.174; p=0.06) while absolute muscle mass (MMkg) showed tendency of increment with age (ANOVA: F=2.136; p=0.01). Body fat (BFkg and BF%) was statistically higher in the older groups (ANOVA F=3.737; p<0.01; ANOVA F=4.117; p<0.01). Weak positive correlation between VO2 max and muscle component (r=0.243; p<0.001) and a weak negative correlation between VO2max and body fat (r=-0.08;p<0.05) were found.Conclusions: Our results confirm the assumption that subjects with larger muscle mass have greater endurance and higher maximal oxygen consumption compared to subjects with larger body fat component. 

Modified sprint interval training protocols: physiological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. McKie ◽  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽  
Mark Eys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Peak Speed ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Sprint interval training (SIT) protocols involving brief (≤15 s) work bouts improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, highlighting peak speed generation as a potentially important adaptive stimulus. To determine the physiological and psychological effects of reducing the SIT work bout duration, while maintaining total exercise and recovery time, 43 healthy males (n = 27) and females (n = 16) trained for 4 weeks (3 times/week) using one of the following running SIT protocols: (i) 30:240 (n = 11; 4–6 × 30-s bouts, 4 min rest); (ii) 15:120 (n = 11; 8–12 × 15-s bouts, 2 min rest); (iii) 5:40 (n = 12; 24–36 × 5-s bouts, 40 s rest); or (iv) served as a nonexercising control (n = 9). Protocols were matched for total work (2–3 min) and rest (16–24 min) durations, as well as the work-to-rest ratio (1:8 s). Pre- and post-training measures included a graded maximal oxygen consumption test, a 5-km time trial, and a 30-s maximal sprint test. Self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intentions were assessed following the last training session. Training improved maximal oxygen consumption (5.5%; P = 0.006) and time-trial performance (5.2%; P = 0.039), with a main effect of time for peak speed (1.7%; P = 0.042), time to peak speed (25%; P < 0.001), and body fat percentage (1.4%; P < 0.001) that appeared to be driven by the training. There were no group effects for self-efficacy (P = 0.926), enjoyment (P = 0.249), or intentions to perform SIT 3 (P = 0.533) or 5 (P = 0.951) times/week. This study effectively demonstrated that the repeated generation of peak speed during brief SIT work bouts sufficiently stimulates adaptive mechanisms promoting increases in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

Predictors of cardiovascular fitness in sedentary men

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Ève Riou ◽  
Étienne Pigeon ◽  
Josée St-Onge ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
André Marette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle

The relative contribution of anthropometric and skeletal muscle characteristics to cardiorespiratory fitness was studied in sedentary men. Cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) was assessed using an incremental bicycle ergometer protocol in 37 men aged 34–53 years. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were used to assess fiber type composition (I, IIA, IIX) and areas, capillary density, and activities of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolic pathway enzymes. Correlations (all p < 0.05) were observed between maximal oxygen consumption (L·min–1) and body mass (r = 0.53), body mass index (r = 0.39), waist circumference (r = 0.34), fat free mass (FFM; r = 0.68), fat mass (r = 0.33), the enzyme activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX; r = 0.39), muscle type IIA (r = 0.40) and IIX (r = 0.50) fiber area, and the number of capillaries per type IIA (r = 0.39) and IIX (r = 0.37) fiber. When adjusted for FFM in partial correlations, all correlations were lost, with the exception of COX (r = 0.48). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that maximal oxygen consumption was independently predicted by FFM, COX activity, mean capillary number per fiber, waist circumference, and, to a lesser extent, muscle capillary supply. In the absence of regular physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly predicted by the potential for aerobic metabolism of skeletal muscle and negatively correlated with abdominal fat deposition.

scholarly journals Low serum TSH levels are associated with low values of fat-free mass and body cell mass in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Marcello R. P. Markus ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Stephan B. Felix ◽  
Antje Steveling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Cell Mass ◽  
Body Cell ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

AbstractPrevious studies on the association between thyroid function and body composition are conflicting and showed strong differences across age groups. Our aim was to clarify age-specific associations of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with markers of body composition including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and body cell mass (BCM). We used data from two independent population-based cohorts within the framework of the Study of Health in Pomerania. The study population included 5656 individuals aged 20 to 90 years. Markers of body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum TSH levels were significantly positively associated with BMI (β = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06 to 0.27), waist circumference (β = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.62) and FM (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.52), but not with FFM and BCM. Interaction analysis revealed positive associations of serum TSH levels with BMI, waist circumference, FM, FFM and BCM in individuals older than 60 years, while no such associations were observed in younger individuals. We demonstrated that lower serum TSH levels were accompanied with lower values of BMI, waist circumference, FM, FFM, and BCM in the elderly, while no such associations were observed in younger individuals.

The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mabire ◽  
Ramakrishnan Mani ◽  
Lizhou Liu ◽  
Hilda Mulligan ◽  
David Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.

Responses to Intermittent Swimming Sets at Velocity Associated With max

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Libicz ◽  
Belle Roels ◽  
Gregoire P. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Equal Time ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
The Times

While the physiological adaptations following endurance training are relatively well understood, in swimming there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the metabolic responses to interval training (IT). The hypothesis tested predicted that two different endurance swimming IT sets would induce differences in the total time the subjects swam at a high percentage of maximal oxygen consumption [Formula: see text]. Ten trained triathletes underwent an incremental test to exhaustion in swimming so that the swimming velocity associated with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] could be determined. This was followed by a maximal 400-m test and two intermittent sets at [Formula: see text] (a) 16 × 50 m with 15-s rest (IT50); (b) 8 × 100 m with 30-s rest (IT100). The times sustained above 95% [Formula: see text] (68.50 ± 62.69 vs. 145.01 ± 165.91 sec) and 95% HRmax (146.67 ± 131.99 vs. 169.78 ± 203.45 sec, p = 0.54) did not differ between IT50 and IT100 (values are mean ± SD). In conclusion, swimming IT sets of equal time duration at [Formula: see text] but of differing work-interval durations led to slightly different [Formula: see text] and HR responses. The time spent above 95% of [Formula: see text]max was twice as long in IT100 as in IT50, and a large variability between mean [Formula: see text] and HR values was also observed. Key words: interval training, maximal oxygen consumption, triathletes

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and offspring body composition by indirect methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2073-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Castillo-Laura ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Lenice C. M. Quadros ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Abstract This study reviewed the evidence that assessed the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain and offspring body composition in childhood. A systematic review was conducted. Cohort studies, case-control studies and randomized controlled trials measuring offspring body composition by indirect methods were included. Meta-analyses of the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on offspring fat-free mass, body fat percent, and fat mass were conducted through random-effects models. 20 studies were included, most of which reported a positive association of pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring body fat. Standardized mean differences in body fat percent, fat mass and fat-free mass between infants of women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and those of overweight/obese women were 0.31 percent points (95%CI: 0.19; 0.42), 0.38kg (95%CI: 0.26; 0.50), and 0.18kg (95%CI: -0.07; 0.42), respectively. Evidence so far suggests that pre-pregnancy maternal overweight is associated with higher offspring adiposity.

Relationship of Maximal Oxygen Consumption to Various Components of Body Composition

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Welch ◽  
R. P. Riendeau ◽  
C. E. Crisp ◽  
R. S. Isenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of
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