NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF THE GENUS ORYCTANTHUS (LORANTHACEAE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Kuijt
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America

In the taxonomically confused Loranthoideae of the Americas the genus Oryctanthus stands out as a distinctive entity. The following combination of characters is described in support of this contention:1. The genus is limited to continental parts of tropical America, with the sole exception of one species in Jamaica.2. Few epicortical roots are produced, and these at the base of the plant only.3. Stellate fiber-bundles and crystalliferous sclereids are present in foliage leaves.4. The spikes are swollen and bear sunken, sessile flowers.5. The pollen type is apparently unique in the family.

scholarly journals Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽  
Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽  
Eftekharian Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Foliar, nonstructural nectaries in the Marantaceae

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1785-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Kirchoff ◽  
Helen Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue

Nonstructural, foliar nectaries have been found in two genera of the Marantaceae (Zingiberales). Two nectaries are located on each leaf, at the junction of the leaf sheath and petiole. Externally, they may be readily distinguished from the surrounding tissue by their lighter color and absence of hairs. Internally, they show no specifically differentiated nectariferous tissue. In most species, the location of the nectaries is correlated with the distribution of fiber bundles. In nonncctariferous regions these bundles lie directly beneath the epidermis, while in the region of the nectary they occur several cell layers beneath the epidermis. Nectar secretion takes place through stomates. The cells surrounding the substomatal cavity may play an important role in the process of secretion. The distribution of structural nectaries in the family is also discussed.

Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4555 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS E. PAZ-RÍOS ◽  
DANIEL PECH
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
A New Species

Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov. is described and illustrated here, as a new species of the family Photidae Boeck, 1871, occurring on sites widely distributed in the soft-sediment habitats from the Yucatan shelf, southern Gulf of Mexico. This new species differs from all other congeners by a unique set of characteristics: lateral cephalic lobes rounded; outer lobes of lower lip with one cone on each lobe; gnathopod 1 propodus longer than carpus; gnathopod 2 propodus enlarged with small convoluted processes on posterior margin and palmar angle undefined; gnathopod 2 dactylus short, less than one half in length of propodus; dense setation on basis, carpus, and propodus of gnathopod 2; epimeral plates 1–3 rounded; inner ramus of uropods 1–3 longer than outer ramus; and telson emarginated. Ecological comments on spatial distribution and associated environmental variables are included, as well an identification key to the genus in tropical America. 

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Andrés Fernández ◽  
Patricio Emmanuel Santamarina ◽  
María Cristina Tellería ◽  
Luis Palazzesi ◽  
Viviana Dora Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
South American ◽  
Optical Section ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family

Abstract Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those present in Nothofagidites senectus Dettmann & Playford, the oldest fossil species of Nothofagaceae recorded in Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of Gondwana.

Taxonomic novelties in Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Joel Silva da Silva Filho ◽  
RAFAEL TREVISAN ◽  
ILSI IOB BOLDRINI
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Taxonomic Novelties ◽  
Abundant Genus

The genus Rhynchospora Vahl has about 354 species with concentration in tropical America. In Brazil, Rhynchospora is the most abundant genus of the family, with 157 species, of which 40 are considered endemic. With the knowledge obtained in field trips, literature and herbaria reviewed, this work aims to contribute to the taxonomy of the genus Rhynchospora. As main results we highlight the synonymization of Rhynchospora glaziovii and R. floribunda, R. robusta and R. semihirsuta, and R. uniflora and R. biflora. A new description for R. conferta, which is a valid species and has been considered as a synonym of R. robusta, is also presented. During the review, we found a new record to Rio Grande do Sul, R. splendens. A diagnosis of all these species are provided, as well as new lectotypes and neotypes designations.

Evidence of pseudomonad pollen formation in Hypolytrum (Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ike Coan ◽  
Marccus Vinícius Alves ◽  
Vera Lucia Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pollen Formation

Cyperaceae are characterised by typical simultaneous microsporogenesis that results in the formation of pseudomonad pollen. Morphological studies indicate the occurrence of a distinct pollen type in Mapanioideae, the spherical and monoporate Mapania-type pollen, found in representatives of Hypolytreae. This study investigates anther and pollen development in species of Hypolytrum for a better understanding of the mapanioid pollen type. Stages in microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis were analysed in both Hypolytrum (Mapanioideae, Hypolytreae; five species sampled) and Rhynchospora (Cyperoideae; two species studied). The latter was used as a comparator, known for the occurrence of pseudomonads. The results presented here confirm those already reported for the family, regardless of genus. The most important differences are morphological, not developmental. All species sampled of both genera had Cyperaceae-type simultaneous microsporogenesis resulting in pseudomonad pollen. Predictions that Mapania-type pollen in Hypolytrum would be monad are refuted. Anthers examined of Rhynchospora showed phenolic idioblasts, while those of species of Hypolytrum did not. There is need for ontogenetic studies on the other genera of Hypolytreae, such as Mapania and Scirpodendron, to extend and test the generality of our observations across the Hypolytreae.

Some remarks on the taxonomy of the Plumerioideae (Apocynaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Present Scheme ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America

The family of the Apocynaceae is usually subdivided into two subfamilies, the Plumerioideae with the type genus Plumeria from tropical America, and the Apocynoideae, often named Echitoideae, with the type genus Apocynum from North America. These subfamilies show two characters which are more or less diagnostic for all members. However, since the taxonomists have built up the present scheme of the Apocynaceae, phytochemists have observed that many plants belonging to the Plumerioideae contain alkaloids, and that many representatives of the Apocynoideae contain glycosides. Some of the alkaloids, e.g. those of Catharanthus, Rauvolfia and Voacanga, and some of the glycosides, e.g. those of Funtumia and Strophanthus are of medicinal interest. In the present paper, the arrangement of the genera within the Plumerioideae is mainly that of Pichon (1949, 1950, 1953a, 1953b). He subdivided all tribes, except the Tabernaemontaneae, into subtribes, which is an excellent concept according to the present author. The latter, however, does not always agree with the delimitation of the genera. For instance, he does not accept the sinking of Acokanthera under Carissa, especially as the plants belonging to these genera show great differences in architecture (Hallé Oldeman 1970; Hallé, Oldeman Tomlinson, 1978), but he sinks several genera maintained by Pichon, e.g.  Ervatamia under Tabernaemontana (1976).

scholarly journals First Report of Erysiphe fallax Causing Powdery Mildew on Phasey Bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Bindu Poudel ◽  
Shouan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

Phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) is a member of the family Fabaceae and is native to tropical America. During the fall of 2017, the leaves of phasey bean plants in Homestead, FL, showed white powdery fungal growth. The morphological characteristics suggested that the pathogen was powdery mildew. For further identification, genomic DNA was extracted from conidia. BLAST results showed that the sequence of FL-1 shares 99% identity to an Erysiphe fallax. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the closest proximity of FL-1 isolate to E. fallax. Koch’s postulates were performed to confirm the pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Genera of the parasitoid wasp family Monomachidae (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3188 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN F. JOHNSON ◽  
LUCIANA MUSETTI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Species Type ◽  
New Synonymy

The genera of the family Monomachidae are revised. Chasca Johnson & Musetti, new genus, is described, with two species:Chasca andina Musetti & Johnson, new species (type species, Chile) and C. gravis Musetti & Johnson, new species (Peru).The genus Tetraconus Szépligeti is treated as a junior synonym of Monomachus Klug (new synonymy), and its type species istransferred to Monomachus as M. mocsaryi (Szépligeti), new combination A phylogenetic analysis places Chasca and Mono-machus as sister-groups; within Monomachus, the three species of Australia and two species of New Guinea are basal, and the radiation of 21 species in tropical America and Valdivia is recovered as a monophyletic group.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and phylogeny of Resinicium sensu lato from Asia-Pacific revealing a new genus and five new species (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota)

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yu ◽  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Shi-Liang Liu ◽  
Shan Shen ◽  
Li-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tropical America

ABSTRACTResinicium, belonging to Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, is a worldwide genus of corticioid wood-inhabiting fungi. To improve the knowledge of species diversity within the Hymenochaetales, two dozen specimens from Asia-Pacific preliminarily identified to be members of Resinicium sensu lato were carefully studied from morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. From these specimens, a new monotypic genus Skvortzoviella, and five new species, viz. Resinicium austroasianum, R. lateastrocystidium, Skvortzovia dabieshanensis, S. qilianensis and Skvortzoviella lenis are described; moreover, a new basal lineage of Resinicium represented by a Vietnam specimen and three Chinese specimens of S. pinicola are identified. The six newly proposed taxa are morphologically compared with related genera and species, while the family positions of Resinicium, Skvortzovia, and Skvortzoviella within the Hymenochaetales are still ambiguous. In addition, the ancestral geographic origin of Resinicium, even though inconclusive, is now thought to be Asia-Pacific instead of tropical America as previously assumed.

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