Growth and biomass allocation of Ruppia occidentalis in three lakes, differing in salinity

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2004-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Husband ◽  
Michael Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios

The hypothesis that the growth and distribution of Ruppia occidentalis S. Wats. increases with increasing salinity in Alberta lakes was investigated by comparing populations of Ruppia from three lakes, spanning a wide range of total dissolved solids (0.3–6.2‰). Growth and biomass allocation of individuals were correlated with lake chemistry. Plants from the freshwater lake exhibited characters associated with moderate chemical deficiency, including decreased growth rate, decreased reproductive output, and high root:shoot ratios. The proportion of total dry weight decreased in roots and increased in shoots with salinity but varied little among depths within the lake. Changes in shoot dry weight were the result of vertical growth in the saline lakes but the result of horizontal growth through tiller production in the freshwater lake. Although salinity did not affect the reproductive effort in flowering individuals, the number of flowering individuals in the population increased with salinity. The frequency of occurrence and percentage cover of Ruppia within each lake reflect its respective growth rate and reproduction. The within-lake distributions are characterized by significant interactions between salinity and both depth distribution and substratum type. Saline conditions are required by Ruppia and not merely tolerated for maximum growth and reproduction. Its absence from many freshwater lakes is due most likely to chemical constraints on survival or on the competitive ability of Ruppia.

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria inoculation in maize associated with nitrogen and zinc fertilization at sowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Andréia de L. Moreno ◽  
Jorge F. Kusdra ◽  
Angelita A. C. Picazevicz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria have a wide range of plant growth-promoting mechanisms of action, making them an alternative and/or complementary biological input for chemical fertilizers. In this respect, the present study aimed to assess growth and nitrogen accumulation in maize plants as a function of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, zinc and nitrogen application at sowing. The experiment with the ‘AL Bandeirante’ maize variety was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six repetitions, considering the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense (5 g kg-1), Bacillus subtilis (5 mL kg-1) and zinc (20 g kg-1) in the seeds and addition or not of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) to the soil. The variables assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf, stem, shoot, root and total dry weight, and shoot nitrogen content. Nitrogen fertilization in the absence of zinc increased shoot and total dry weight as well as shoot nitrogen content. Zinc applied to the seeds improved the total and stem dry weight of maize plants in the absence of Bacillus subtilis. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis increased the stem diameter and shoot nitrogen content of maize plants when nitrogen fertilization was not performed at sowing. There was no isolated or interaction effect between factors for plant height and root dry weight.

Effects of nitrogen and lime on growth of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham on a red-yellow podzolic soil in south-eastern Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sivasupiramaniam ◽  
R Akkasaeng ◽  
HM Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Field Application ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted on an acidic red-yellow podzolic soil of low nitrogen status from south-eastern Queensland to examine the use of nitrogen and lime in promoting leucaena growth. In the field, application of 25 kg nitrogen ha-l at planting increased shoot dry weight by 77, 88, 52 and 51% at weeks 5, 15, 32 and 52 respectively. Equivalent responses to lime (2.5 t ha-1) were 8, 3 1, 64 and 74% respectively. In the glasshouse, shoot, root and nodule dry weights were increased by nitrogen application rates of 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. Number, size and dry weight of nodules were suppressed at the highest rate (400 kg ha-1). Nitrogen concentration in youngest fully expanded leaves was increased to over 5% by nitrogen, and a critical nitrogen content of 4.5% (90% of maximum growth) is suggested. Inexplicably, lime application reduced shoot, root and nodule weights at high nitrogen applications. The apparent partial effectiveness of commercial leucaena Rhizobium and the implications of starter nitrogen and lime for leucaena establishment are discussed.

scholarly journals Valorization of Vineyard By-Products to Obtain Composted Digestate and Biochar Suitable for Nursery Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Production

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Enrico Francia ◽  
Giulio Allesina ◽  
Simone Pedrazzi ◽  
Massimo Zaccardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
By Products

Although compost and biochar received high attention as growing media, little information is available on the potential of vineyard by-products for the production and use of composted solid digestate (CSD) and biochar (BC). In the present study, two experiments are reported on CSD and BC mixed with commercial peat (CP) for grapevine planting material production. Four doses (0, 10%, 20%, 40% vol.) of CSD and BC were assessed in the first and second experiment, respectively. CSD mixed at a dose of 10% recorded the highest values of shoot dry weight (SDW) and a fraction of total dry biomass allocated to shoot (FTS), both cropping bench-graft and bare-rooted vine. On the other hand, CSD mixed at a dose of 40% displayed the highest values of SDW and FTS, cropping two-year-old vine. BC used at a dose of 10% improved SDW, root dry weight, total dry weight, FTS, shoot diameter, and height on bare-rooted vine. The present study shows that CSD and BC, coming from the valorization of vineyard by-products, can be used in the production of innovative growing media suitable for nursery grapevine production. Further studies are needed to assess the combined applications of CSD and BC in the same growing media.

Regional Differences in Otolith Morphology of the Deep Slope Red Snapper Etelis carbunculus

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimberly Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Otolith Shape ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range

Sagittal otoliths from four populations of the Pacific deep slope red snapper Etelis carbunculus Cuvier were compared using Fourier descriptors and other shape indices, linear proportions, and dry weight. Otoliths from Hawaii, Vanuatu, Fiji and French Polynesia and a small number from the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (NMI) were examined. Regional shape and weight characteristics were distinguishable, despite the wide range of individual variation and limited available size range from some regions. Size-specific differences in otolith shape were found for the four regions for which a sufficient sample was available. Otoliths from Hawaii, French Polynesia, and NMI showed a significant shape affinity. Otoliths from Fiji and Vanuatu were similarly shaped and were distinct from those from the other three regions. Interregional otolith shape affinities for the stocks examined parallel similarities in maximum size and growth rate from the literature, suggesting that growth rate may influence otolith shape. Observed trends in otolith weight as a function of fish length support growth-related regional differences in otolith shape.

Growth Rates and Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Contents of Juvenile Clams, Saxidomus giganteus, Fed Three Species of Algae

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Walne
Keyword(s):  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Tetraselmis Chui ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

Estimates were made of the increase in live and dry weights and in the content of ash, organic matter, carbohydrate (as glucose), and nitrogen when juveniles of the clam Saxidomus giganteus were fed for 21 days at various concentrations of Tetraselmis chui, Isochrysis galbana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The condition index (organic weight as a percent of total dry weight) increased in all the experimental conditions with a mixture of I. galbana and T. chui, yielding a significantly higher index than either species on its own. The relative gain in glucose was greater than the increase in live weight or in nitrogen. The increase in live weight was such that the nigrogen content was approximately constant at 6–7 μgN/mg live weight irrespective of the feeding conditions. The N:glucose ratio decreased with increasing concentrations of I. galbana and P. tricornutum, and at the higher concentrations, where the maximum growth rate of clams occurred, the ratios were lower than in any of the clams fed on T. chui.

scholarly journals The effect on the growth of Lemna minor of alternating periods of light and darkness of equal length

1938 ◽  
Vol 125 (838) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Garner and Allard (1931) showed that plants grown in alternating light and dark periods of equal duration respond differently according to the length of the period. They found that the growth of Cosmos sulphureus, for example, was progressively poorer as the alternating periods decreased from 12 hr. to 1 min., after which it improved rapidly so that at 5 sec. intermittency the plants were of fairly normal appearance, i.e. like those in 12 hr. alternations. No measurements of these effects however were made. Portsmouth (1937) carried out similar experiments with cucumber plants, and has shown that the increase in total dry weight is greatest in continuous light, only slightly less in 12 hr. alternations and considerably less in 1 min. alternations. He suggests that the effects observed were related to carbohydrate deficiency occasioned by a falling net assimilation rate and partial closure of the stomata at 1 min. alternations. Gregory and Pearse (1937) have shown that short alternating light and dark periods are accompanied by a closing of the stomata in Pelargonium , and here again the effect was at a maximum with intermittencies of about 1 min. duration. In view of the above results it was decided to repeat and extend the growth-rate determinations with Lemna minor , which is simple in structure and is eminently suitable for experimental work under laboratory conditions. It had also the advantage, as its stomatal opening does not change, that should results similar to those of Garner and Allard, and Portsmouth, be obtained it would be possible to assess the value of stomatal closure at rapid intermittencies on growth rate. 2. Experimental procedure Two different stocks of Lemna were employed, one, coming originally from the Chelsea Physic Garden, had been used previously in this de-partment, while the other was a fresh stock obtained from Sutton. Each stock was established in the first instance from a single individual. In all cases colonies were grown under 12 hr. alternating light and darkness for 14 days before being placed under the lighting conditions in which their growth rate was to be measured. Apart from the light factor all environmental conditions were the same during the preliminary 14 days as when measurements were being made. The plants were grown in a culture solution made up as follows: CaH 4 (PO 4 ) 2 . H 2 O 0·100 g., KNO 3 0·800 g., MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O 0·25 g., FeCl 3 0·002g., distilled water 1000 ml. In some cases the water used was condensed on glass, in others on copper. The culture solution was changed only when the plants were being measured; it was not aerated but always shaken up with air immediately before being used. The solution was made up in amounts of 2 litres, but as the number of colonies to be supplied varied from time to time the several lots lasted for different periods.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
NI KADEK ARYANI ◽  
I NYOMAN RAI ◽  
NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with   carrier   media   did   not   significantly   influence   the   growth   of   salak   seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SEVERAL GROWING MEDIA FOR USE IN NITROGEN FIXATION RESEARCH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1166b-1166
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rademan ◽  
Dyremple Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of methodologies, ranging from Leonard jar to growth pouch have been used to investigate the nitrogen fixation process in leguminous crops. The effectiveness of most of these research methods have been questioned. Problems encountered vary from difficulty in root separation to water log conditions. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of different growing media on nodule development and harvestability. Black and Red seed coat kidney bean were surface sterilized and inoculated with the Rhizobium phaseoli strain UMR 1899. Seeds were planted in 8.5 cm diameter sterile clay pots containing the respective growing medium. These growing media were sand, Promix GM, Promix BX, and fritted clay. The black seed coat kidney bean had higher germination rate under all media for all dates recorded. Black kidney bean grown in sand and fritted clay had plant heights significantly greater than ones grown in the other media on the third harvest date. Nodule activities as measured by shoot dry weight and nodule number were significantly higher in both beans grown in fritted clay than in other media. Promix GM plants with dry weight of .45g for the black bean and .32g for the red beans were the lowest. Nodule separation from the growing media was easiest when plants were grown in sand, however, this was not significantly different from that of plants grown in fritted clay.

scholarly journals NUTRITION IN THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF THE BRAZIL NUT (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) IN NORTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline das Graças Souza ◽  
Oscar josé Smiderle
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is fast-growing, and can be used in reforestation. However, the use of the species in reforestation is still uncommon, mainly due to production costs, with substrate and fertiliser being the most-costly components. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and quality in seedlings of the Brazil nut both with and without nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme: treatments with and without the addition of nutrient solution and 10 evaluations at intervals of 45 days. The variables to be analysed were height, stem diameter, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and the Dickson quality index. When analysing shoot dry weight (SDW), a gain of 85% was found from adding the nutrient solution, compared to the absence of nutrient solution, whereas for the variable, root-system dry weight, (RDW) the gain was 43%. The addition of nutrient solution is suggested for accelerating the growth and development of high-quality seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa for commercial use.

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