Life history contrasts in nutritional state and return probability of post-spawned Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Bøe ◽  
Michael Power ◽  
Martha J Robertson ◽  
J. Brian Dempson ◽  
Ian A Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Feeding Habitat ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
First Time ◽  
Somatic Energy ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Using non-lethal tissue biopsies, we investigated somatic energy, lipid composition, and condition in post-spawned Atlantic salmon (kelts, n = 69) returning to sea in the spring and explored contrasts as a function of previous migration- and spawning history, length and sex. Using mark-recapture analysis, we also explored linkages between spawning history and probability of future repeat spawning. Lipid density was significantly higher in previously spawned individuals compared to first time spawned fish, and in females compared to males. Fatty acid composition differed significantly among spawning histories. Return rates to consecutive spawning the following year were consistent with spawning history dependent differences in lipid density, as first time spawned kelts had lower return rates compared to consecutive repeat spawned kelts. We suggest that spawning history related contrasts in nutritional state in post-spawned Atlantic salmon may be a carry-over effect of differences in the feeding habitat as affected by spawning-history dependent migration strategies. Alternatively, it may represent an adaptive response to increased survival and recovery potential with age.

scholarly journals Proficiency in Mental Rotation Using Body-related Stimuli: Carry-over Effect of Repeated Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Ryota HIYOSHI ◽  
Kazunobu FUKUHARA ◽  
Takahiro HIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

scholarly journals In vitro study of the carry-over effect associated with early diabetic embryopathy in the rat

Diabetologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pampfer ◽  
Y. D. Wuu ◽  
I. Vanderheyden ◽  
R. De Hertogh
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Diabetic Embryopathy ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Carry-over effect on IFN-gamma production induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ciprandi ◽  
Maria Pia Sormani ◽  
Gilberto Filaci ◽  
Daniela Fenoglio
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

scholarly journals Effect of Penicillin on the Niacin Requirement of Turkeys and a Carry-over Effect of Penicillin from Dams to Progeny

1953 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Slinger ◽  
W.F. Pepper ◽  
A.M. Morphet ◽  
E.V. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Sulfisoxazole Chemoprophylaxis for Frequent Otitis Media

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Liston ◽  
Col William S. Foshee ◽  
Maj Wayne D. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Eustachian Tube Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tube Function ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Sulfisoxazole, 75 mg/kg/d in two divided doses for 3 months, was administered in a double-blind placebo crossover study to 35 children aged 6 months to 5 years who had frequent recurring episodes of otitis media. There was a 40% reduction in the rate of otitis media among patients receiving sulfisoxazole compared with those receiving placebo (0.25 v 0.42 episode per patient-month) which did not depend on age, sex, season, or several other factors. Using a randomized order, among patients who received placebo first, there was a 64% reduction on sulfisoxazole therapy compared with placebo (0.20 v 0.56 episode per patient-month). In this subgroup, there was significant improvement in eustachian tube function according to serial tympanograms. In the patients who received sulfisoxazole first, the rate of acute otitis remained low on placebo (0.28 v 0.30 episode per patient-month), and tympanogram patterns continued to improve after discontinuation of the active drug. These differences suggest a carry-over effect from the benefits of chemoprophylaxis. There was no significant difference in the species or sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from patients receiving sulfisoxazole or placebo. Sulfisoxazole chemoprophylaxis appears to be safe and effective in significantly reducing episodes of otitis media and improving tympanogram patterns.

Development and Evaluation of a High-Speed Continuous-Flow Analyzer

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018
Author(s):  
M A Evenson ◽  
M A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Automatic Computer ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
First Time

Abstract A high-speed, high-performance, continuous-flow analyzer is described that operates at two to three times the usual analysis rate without necessitating corrections of the raw data and with no decrease in accuracy or precision. At faster speeds (180-300 samples/h) inductive sample interaction (%Ii), opposite in direction to carry-over, is for the first time quantitatively measured. A correction equation for %Ii was developed, and when it is applied to raw data, the accuracy of the results are significantly improved. Operating characteristics of the high-speed analyzer are described and the desirability of automatic computer corrections is discussed for the high-speed system.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Carry-Over of Ochratoxin A from Feed to Milk, Blood, Urine, and Different Tissues of Dairy Cows Based on the Establishment of a Reliable LC-MS/MS Method

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Zhang ◽  
Zhichen Fan ◽  
Dongxia Nie ◽  
Zhihui Zhao ◽  
Zheng Han
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Ochratoxin Α ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Tissues

A rapid and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and its metabolite ochratoxin α (OTα), for the first time, in dairy cow plasma, milk, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. The established method was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990), sensitivity (lower limit of quantification, 0.1–0.2 ng mL−1), recovery (75.3–114.1%), precision (RSD ≤ 13.6%), and stability (≥83.0%). Based on the methodological advances, the carry-over of OTA was subsequently studied after oral administration of 30 μg/kg body weight OTA to dairy cows. As revealed, OTA and OTα were detected in urine, with maximal concentrations of 1.8 ng mL−1 and 324.6 ng mL−1, respectively, but not in milk, plasma, or different tissues, verifying the protection effects of rumen flora against OTA exposure for dairy cows. Moreover, 100 fresh milk samples randomly collected from different supermarkets in Shanghai were also analyzed, and no positive samples were found, further proving the correctness of the in vivo biotransformation results. Thus, from the currently available data, regarding OTA contamination issues on dairy cows, no significant health risks were related to OTA exposure due to the consumption of these products.

scholarly journals Optimal Designs for Carry Over Effects the Case of Two Treatment and Four Periods

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Miltiadis S. Chalikias
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

The optimal cross-over experimental designs are derived in experiments with two treatments, four periods, and an experimental unit. The results are given for the values n = 0mod4, 1mod4, 2mod4 and 3mod4. The criterion being the minimization of the variance of the estimated carry over effect.

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