scholarly journals Delayed effect of drought on the xylem vulnerability to embolism in Fagus sylvatica.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
stephane herbette ◽  
Olivia Charrier ◽  
Hervé Cochard ◽  
Têtè Sévérien Barigah
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Xylem Vulnerability ◽  
Resistance Traits

Understanding the variation in drought resistance traits is needed to predict the potential of trees to adapt to severe drought events. Xylem vulnerability to embolism is a critical trait related to drought-induced mortality with a large variability between species. Acclimation of this trait to environmental conditions implies changes in the xylem structure and organization, leading previous studies to investigate its variations under conditions preserving growth. In European beech saplings, we assessed the effect of droughts on the vulnerability to embolism in branches developed the next year during recovery. The newly formed branches displayed lower vulnerability to embolism in the plants that underwent the severest droughts leading to native embolism; the pressure that induces 50% loss of conductance being of -3.98 MPa in severely droughted plants whereas it was of ¬3.1 MPa in control plants, respectively. These results argue for a lagged acclimation of this trait to drought events.

scholarly journals Delayed effect of drought on the xylem vulnerability to cavitation in Fagus sylvatica L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Herbette ◽  
Olivia Charrier ◽  
Herve Cochard ◽  
Tete Severien Barigah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Vulnerability To Cavitation ◽  
Xylem Vulnerability ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Knowledge on variations of drought resistance traits is needed to predict the potential of trees to adapt to severe drought events expected to be more intense and frequent. Xylem vulnerability to cavitation is among the most important traits related to drought-induced mortality and exhibits a large variability between species. Acclimation of this trait to environmental conditions implies changes in the xylem structure and organization, leading previous studies to investigate its variations under conditions preserving growth. In European beech saplings, we assessed the effect of droughts of on the vulnerability to cavitation in branches that develop during recovery. The newly formed branches displayed lower vulnerability to cavitation in the plants that underwent the severest droughts leading to native embolism; the pressure that induces 50% loss of conductance being of -3.98 MPa in severely droughted plants whereas it was of -3.1 MPa in control plants, respectively. Although unexpected, these results argue for an acclimation, and not a weakening, of this trait to drought events.

How do environmental conditions affect the deadwood decomposition of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.)?

2016 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Přívětivý ◽  
David Janík ◽  
Pavel Unar ◽  
Dušan Adam ◽  
Kamil Král ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals Genomic basis of drought resistance in Fagus sylvatica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Pfenninger ◽  
Friederike Reuss ◽  
Angelika Kiebler ◽  
Philipp Schönnenbeck ◽  
Cosima Caliendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Genomic Basis

AbstractIn the course of global climate change, central Europe is experiencing more frequent and prolonged periods of drought. These drought events have severe and detrimental impacts on the forest ecosystem. The drought years 2018 and 2019 affected European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) in noticeably different ways: even in the same local stand, badly drought damaged trees immediately neighboured apparently healthy trees. This led to the hypothesis that the genotype rather than the environment was responsible for this conspicuous pattern. We used this natural experiment to study the genomic basis of drought resistance in a Pool-GWAS approach. Contrasting the extreme phenotypes, we identified 106 significantly associated SNPs throughout the genome. The majority of affected genes was previously implicated in drought reaction in other plant species. Most observed non-synonymous changes led either to a substantial functional amino acid exchange or a stop-codon. A SNP-assay with 70 informative loci allowed the successful prediction of drought phenotype from the multilocus genotype in 98.6% in a validation sample of 92 trees with Linear Discriminant Analysis. Drought resistance in European beech appeared to be a moderately polygenic trait that should nevertheless respond well to natural selection, selective management, and breeding. The widespread distribution of drought resistance across natural beech populations represents an important argument for maintaining genetic diversity in dynamic forest ecosystems. The results from this study could therefore contribute to harness beech wood forests against ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Variation in Tracheid Dimensions of Conifer Xylem Reveals Evidence of Adaptation to Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingming Zheng ◽  
Yajin Li ◽  
Hugh Morris ◽  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Steven Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conifer Tree ◽  
Independent Contrast

Abstract Background: Globally distributed extant conifer species must adapt to various environmental conditions, which would be reflected in their xylem structure, especially in the tracheid characteristics of earlywood and latewood. A comparative study of conifer species might shed light on how xylem structure responds to environmental conditions. With an anatomical trait dataset of 79 conifer tree species growing throughout China, an interspecific study within a phylogenetic context was conducted to quantify variance of tracheid dimensions and their response to climatic and soil conditions. Results: There was a significant difference in tracheid diameter between early- and latewood while no significant difference was detected in tracheid wall thickness through a phylogenetically paired t-test. Most of the tracheid dimensional traits were positively related to each other based on phylogenetic independent contrast (PIC) analyses, and tracheid structure could be accounted for by the first and second PCA axes. Through a phylogenetic principle component analysis (pPCA), Pinaceae species were found to be strongly divergent in their tracheid structure in contrast to a conservative tracheid structure in species of Cupressaceae, Taxaceae and Podocarpaceae. Meanwhile, tracheid wall thickness decreased from high to low latitudes in both earlywood and latewood, with tracheid diameter decreasing for latewood only. According to the most parsimonious phylogenetic general least square models (PGLS), environment and phylogeny together could explain about 21%~56% of tracheid structure variance, suggesting both genetics and the environment contribute to tracheid characteristics. Conclusions: The large variability of tracheid traits observed along an environmental gradient across China suggests that xylem structure was strongly constrained by the environmental conditions in temperate monsoonal climates and thus could be regarded as an ecological strategy for adapting to environmental stresses, especially freezing and drought. Our results provide insights into the effects of climate and soil on the xylem structure of conifer species thus furthering our understanding of the trees’ response to global change and guiding forest management.

scholarly journals How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tamalika Chakraborty ◽  
Albert Reif ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Somidh Saha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.

scholarly journals Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Höwler ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Timber Quality ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

scholarly journals A Circular Chloroplast Genome of Fagus sylvatica Reveals High Conservation between Two Individuals from Germany and One Individual from Poland and an Alternate Direction of the Small Single-Copy Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Bagdevi Mishra ◽  
Bartosz Ulaszewski ◽  
Sebastian Ploch ◽  
Jaroslaw Burczyk ◽  
Marco Thines
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Long Read ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Single Copy

Chloroplasts are difficult to assemble because of the presence of large inverted repeats. At the same time, correct assemblies are important, as chloroplast loci are frequently used for biogeography and population genetics studies. In an attempt to elucidate the orientation of the single-copy regions and to find suitable loci for chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, circular chloroplast sequences for the ultra-centenary reference individual of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Bhaga, and an additional Polish individual (named Jamy) was obtained based on hybrid assemblies. The chloroplast genome of Bhaga was 158,458 bp, and that of Jamy was 158,462 bp long. Using long-read mapping on the configuration inferred in this study and the one suggested in a previous study, we found an inverted orientation of the small single-copy region. The chloroplast genome of Bhaga and of the individual from Poland both have only two mismatches as well as three and two indels as compared to the previously published genome, respectively. The low divergence suggests low seed dispersal but high pollen dispersal. However, once chloroplast genomes become available from Pleistocene refugia, where a high degree of variation has been reported, they might prove useful for tracing the migration history of Fagus sylvatica in the Holocene.

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