scholarly journals Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Irena Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous stands (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous stand (European beech at Štítná). Our results show that the annual net ecosystem CO2 uptake at Rajec decreased by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. The Bílý Kříž stand is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts — there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. We consider the matching of tree species to site conditions as crucial in the context of CSF, specifically regarding the stand response to water limitation and water supply and demand. Successively replacing spruce with beech trees in areas with high water demand but limited water supply, like Rajec, will support the goals of CSF.

Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Manuel Acosta ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Irena Marková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

<p>Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. This study investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous (European beech at Štítná) stand. Our results show annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> uptake at Rajec to be reduced by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. Bílý Kříž is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts: there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. We consider the matching of tree species to site conditions as crucial in the context of CSF, specifically regarding the stand response to water limitation and water supply and demand. Successively replacing spruce with beech trees in areas with high water demand but limited water supply, like Rajec, will support the goals of CSF.</p>

scholarly journals Quality and Yield of Triticum durum Under Temperate Continental Climate of the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Ivana Polišenská ◽  
Ondřej Jirsa ◽  
Tomáš Spitzer ◽  
Irena Sedláčková ◽  
Petr Míša
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Continental Climate

In Europe, durum wheat is traditionally grown primarily in the Mediterranean region. A question arises as to whether now, in a situation of global climate change, the conditions for durum wheat might be more favourable also in countries with temperate continental climate. Field trials at a location in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic with a typical European continental climate were established in four harvest years (2011 – 2014). Yield, quality and deoxynivalenol content were evaluated and the impact of year and variety was studied. The best quality was achieved in 2013, when 4 of 5 varieties met all the quality requirements for durum wheat according to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1272 / 2009. The most frequent reason for unsatisfactory quality was loss of vitreousness and low falling number. In 2012, three varieties froze, and this year was therefore excluded from evaluation. Yield varied between 7.6 t ha−1 in 2013 to 10.9 t ha−1 in 2014 and it was in a negative, statistically significant relationship with most of qualitative traits, particularly with vitreousness (r = − 0.72). The strongest correlation between qualitative traits was found between vitreousness and thousand kernel weight (r = − 0.73) and vitreousness and test weight (r = 0.70).

scholarly journals Growth and reproductive characteristics of C4 weeds under climatic conditions of the Czech Republic  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Satrapová ◽  
T. Hyvönen ◽  
V. Venclová ◽  
J. Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Climate change could promote the altitudinal spread of C4 weed species since they can benefit from warmer climate. The effects of altitude and climatic conditions (the sum of temperatures above 5&deg;C and precipitation) on the biomass and seed production of two annual C4 weeds &ndash; Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.<br />Beauv. &ndash; were studied in the Czech Republic. We included both temperature and precipitation variables in the study since they both serve as basic indicators of climate change and thus they have the greatest impact on plant development. The experiment was carried out by sowing both weed species on m<sup>2</sup> area with four replicates in seven localities differing in altitude in 2010 and 2011. We found no significant impacts due to altitude on any variables measured. However, climatic factors explained 44.5% of the variation in plant dry biomass and 41.4% of the seed number produced by A. retroflexus. The same variables did not significantly contribute to the variation in above-ground biomass or seed number of E. crus-galli. These results show the impact of climate conditions to vary between species and not to limit reproduction at high altitudes.

Monitoring of pesticides in drinking water: finding the right balance between under- and over-monitoring – experience from the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Kotal ◽  
František Kožíšek ◽  
Hana Jeligová ◽  
Adam Vavrouš ◽  
Daniel Gari Wayessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Right

The modern, risk-based approach requires that only those pollutants which are likely to be present in a given water supply should be monitored in drinking water. From this perspective, defining...

scholarly journals Assessing Habitat Vulnerability and Loss of Naturalness: Applying the GLOBIO3 Model in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5355
Author(s):  
Vilém Pechanec ◽  
Ondřej Cudlín ◽  
Miloš Zapletal ◽  
Jan Purkyt ◽  
Lenka Štěrbová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Equation ◽  
The Impact

Global and regional biodiversity loss is caused by several drivers including urban development, land use intensification, overexploitation of natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. The main aim of our study was to adapt the GLOBIO3 model to the conditions of the Czech Republic (CR) to assess loss of naturalness and biodiversity vulnerability at the habitat level on a detailed scale across the entire CR. An additional aim was to assess the main drivers affecting the biodiversity of habitat types. The GLOBIO3 model was adapted to CZ-GLOBIO by adapting global to local scales and using habitat quality and naturalness data instead of species occurrence data. The total mean species abundance (MSA) index of habitat quality, calculated from the spatial overlay of the four MSA indicators by our new equation, reached the value 0.62. The total value of MSA for natural and near-natural habitats was found to be affected mainly by infrastructure development and fragmentation. Simultaneously, intensity of land use change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition contributed primarily to the low total value of MSA for distant natural habitats. The CZ-GLOBIO model can be an important tool in political decision making to reduce the impact of the main drivers on habitat biodiversity in the CR.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

Transitional Justice and Changing Memories of the Past in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Roman David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Memories of wrongdoings are often viewed as an obstacle to reconciliation in divided societies. Is it due to the past or the present politics of the past? To examine the dilemma of essentialism versus presentism, this article investigates the impact of transitional justice on memories of wrongdoing. It theorizes that using different transitional justice strategies to deal with the same wrongdoing shapes memories in different ways. The theory is tested via vignette-based surveys in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, which adopted distinct lustration laws. The results show that wrongdoing is viewed through lustration laws, reflecting present power constellations, not history.

Visible marking of wader nests to avoid damage by farmers does not increase nest predation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
VÁCLAV ZÁMEČNÍK ◽  
VOJTĚCH KUBELKA ◽  
MIROSLAV ŠÁLEK
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Nest Protection ◽  
Vanellus Vanellus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ground Nesting

SummaryOnly a few studies have assessed the predation risk on artificially marked nests, or have examined ways of marking nests to avoid destruction by machinery. Until now, however, neither type of study has directly addressed this apparent trade-off experimentally. The impact of marking the nests of Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus with thin 2 m-long conspicuous bamboo poles with the top end highlighted with reflective red or orange spray has been tested for three years in two breeding areas of waders in the Czech Republic. A total of 52 pairs of nests on agricultural land, with each pair consisting of one marked nest and one unmarked reference counterpart nest, were monitored for 2004 nest-days until hatching, agricultural operations or failure. The results proved that marking itself does not result in increased nest predation. The nests found in the early incubation stage were under higher threat of depredation, irrespective of the presence of marking. Our results show that it is possible to find a finely-tuned trade-off in nest marking of ground-nesting birds between risk of damage by agricultural machinery and risk of increased nest predation. Our positive experience with Northern Lapwing, and episodically with three other wader species in the Czech Republic, suggests that this direct nest protection could be used effectively for a wider variety of ground-nesting birds.

scholarly journals Chronology of Lake El'gygytgyn sediments – a combined magnetostratigraphic, palaeoclimatic and orbital tuning study based on multi-parameter analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2413-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Nowaczyk ◽  
E. M. Haltia ◽  
D. Ulbricht ◽  
V. Wennrich ◽  
M. A. Sauerbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Orbital Tuning ◽  
Lake Floor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A 318-metre-long sedimentary profile drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, has been analysed for its sedimentologic response to global climate modes by chronostratigraphic methods. The 12 km wide lake is sited off-centre in an 18 km large crater that was created by the impact of a meteorite 3.58 Ma ago. Since then sediments have been continuously deposited. For establishing their chronology, major reversals of the earth's magnetic field provided initial tie points for the age model, confirming that the impact occurred in the earliest geomagnetic Gauss chron. Various stratigraphic parameters, reflecting redox conditions at the lake floor and climatic conditions in the catchment were tuned synchronously to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations and the marine oxygen isotope stack, respectively. Thus, a robust age model comprising more than 600 tie points could be defined. It could be shown that deposition of sediments in Lake El'gygytgyn occurred in concert with global climatic cycles. The upper ~160 m of sediments represent the past 3.3 Ma, equivalent to sedimentation rates of 4 to 5 cm ka−1, whereas the lower 160 m represent just the first 0.3 Ma after the impact, equivalent to sedimentation rates in the order of 45 cm ka−1. This study also provides orbitally tuned ages for a total of 8 tephras deposited in Lake El'gygytgyn.

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