Effect of chronic intraperitoneal aminoguanidine on memory and expression of Bcl-2 family genes in diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Alipour ◽  
Fatemeh Adineh ◽  
Hossein Mosatafavi ◽  
Azam Aminabadi ◽  
Hananeh Monirinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Apoptosis

Long-term hyperglycemia associates with memory defects via hippocampal cells damaging. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 1 month of i.p. injections of AG on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and hippocampal apoptosis in rat. Eighty male rats were divided into 10 groups: control, nondiabetics and STZ-induced diabetics treated with AG (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.). PAL and the Bcl-2 family gene expressions were determined. Diabetes resulted in memory and Bcl-2 family gene expression deficits. AG (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved the learning and Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, and Bak impairment in diabetic rats. However, negative effects were indicated by higher doses of the drug (200 and 400 mg/kg). Present study suggests that 1 month of i.p. injections of lower doses of AG, may improve the impaired cognitive tasks in STZ-induced diabetic rats possibly by modulating Bcl-2 family gene expressions.

scholarly journals Early-life sugar consumption has long-term negative effects on memory function in male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Noble ◽  
Ted M. Hsu ◽  
Joanna Liang ◽  
Scott E. Kanoski
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Negative Effects

Long-term function of isotransplanted islets of Langerhans in the diabetic rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Greenglass ◽  
J. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Experimental Group

Highly inbred male rats were made diabetic by subtotal pancreatectomy. After diabetes developed, the animals were transplanted with an average of 500 isolated islets, obtained from donors of the same sex and strain, into the portal vein. Groups of islet-transplanted diabetic rats were followed for periods of 3, 6, and 14 months, during which time the performance of the transplanted islets was investigated. Control animals were followed for similar periods of time. The findings obtained from each experimental group were integrated so as to provide a continuous picture of the transplanted islet's behaviour from 2 weeks to 14 months post transplantation.To assess islet performance, normal, untreated diabetic, and transplanted animals were subjected to three stimulatory tests of insulin secretion: (1) oral glucose tolerance, (2) intravenous sulfonylurea, and (3) intraperitoneal L-arginine. Normal and transplanted rats were additionally subjected to one inhibitory test of insulin secretion, diazoxide (given orally). At the end of the study, control and experimental animals were killed, and morphological investigations were performed on liver and pancreas.Isotransplantation of islets in partially depancreatized diabetic rats resulted in the reversal of the condition. The transplanted islets were found to respond to physiologic and pharmacologic controls, although the characteristics of the responses were not identical with that of the normal intact islet. The results of this study have suggested that a functional development of the transplanted islets occurs.

EFFECT OF SMALL DOSES OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON PITUITARY PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF I. C. S. H. IN GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gans ◽  
G. P. van Rees
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The influence on the I. C. S. H.-content of the pituitary gland and the blood serum of long-term treatment of gonadectomized male and female rats with several low doses of oestradiol benzoate was investigated. It was found that only in females treatment with 0.1 and 0.2 μg of oestradiol benzoate daily results in an increase of the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content, whereas in the serum content a (non-significant) decrease was observed. In male rats the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was not influenced by treatment with these doses, but the serum content decreased. Higher doses of oestradiol (0.5 and 2.0 μg daily) caused, both in males and in females, a decrease of the I. C. S. H.-content in the hypophysis as well as in the serum. It is assumed that oestrogen, if chronically administered, exerts two different actions on pituitary I. C. S. H.: it depresses the production of I. C. S. H. and inhibits the release. In females, these two effects have different threshold levels, that for the release being the lower one. In males the threshold for the inhibition of production has to be lower.

EFFECT OF OESTRONE-PELLET IMPLANTATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. van der Gugten ◽  
M. Sala ◽  
H. G. Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Primary Break

ABSTRACT Eight female and eight male rats were castrated at the age of 8 to 10 weeks. Four spayed and four orchidectomized rats received one oestrone/cholesterol pellet (200 μg oestrone) on the day of operation (day 0), a second pellet on day 11 and a third on day 23. The remaining animals received four oestrone/cholesterol pellets at these times. The fluctuations in the prolactin levels in the circulation induced by the oestrogen challenges in these animals were followed during 31 days by radioimmunoassays performed on days 3, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 23, 24, 25, 28 and 31. The results suggested that the homoeostatic mechanism regulating plasma levels of prolactin was capable of withstanding the three time-spaced oestrogen challenges only in the spayed animals receiving the lower doses of oestrogen, since it allowed the mean values of the prolactin levels to remain fairly constant during the first 4 weeks. The levels in this group rose to much higher levels only on day 31. The higher doses of oestrone in the spayed rats and both dose levels of oestrone in the orchidectomized animals apparently resulted in a primary break-down of the homoeostatic mechanism, since the prolactin levels in the animals of these groups rose to much higher levels either on day 7 or on day 9. This was followed by a period during which the prolactin levels appeared to be more or less under control, until a second and probably definitive failure of the homoeostatic mechanism allowed the mean levels to rise sharply again.

Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
M. Kamuti ◽  
N. Mazsu ◽  
J. Tamás ◽  
D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

The foundations of peaceful coexistence after the war ... Mosul is a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Omar Hashim Thanon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Post War ◽  
Common Destiny

Since peaceful coexistence reflects in its various aspects the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations, as well as their attitudes and ideas, what brings together these are the common bonds such as land, interests and common destiny. But this coexistence is exposing for crises and instability and the theft of rights and other that destroy the communities with their different religious, national, sectarian, ethnic aspects, especially if these led to a crisis of fighting or war, which produces only destruction and mass displacement, ttherefore, the process of bridging the gap between the different parts of society in the post-war phase through a set of requirements that serve as the basis for the promotion of peaceful coexistence within the same country to consolidate civil and community peace in order to create a general framework and a coherent basis to reconstruct the community again.      Hence the premise of the research by asking about the extent of the possibility and ability of the community of religious and ethnic diversity, which has been exposed to these crises, which aimed at this diversity, basically to be able to rise and re-integrate within the same country and thus achieve civil and community peace, and Mosul is an example for that, the negative effects of the war and the accomplices of many criminal acts have given rise to hatred and fear for all, leading to the loss of livelihoods, which in the long term may have devastating social and psychological consequences.        To clarify all of this, the title of the first topic was a review of the concept and origin of peaceful coexistence. While the second topic dealt with the requirements of peaceful coexistence and social integration in Mosul, the last topic has identified the most important challenges facing the processes of coexistence and integration in Mosul. All this in order to paint a better future for the conductor at all levels in the near term at the very least to achieve the values of this peaceful coexistence, especially in the post-war period.

Effects of GMO agricultural products on living things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ERCAN ÇATAK ◽  
Ali ATALAY
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
World Population ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Living Creature

By obtaining changes on gene sequences of living things with the applied biotechnological methods; The idea of "Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)", which aims to bring the living creature in question the original gene combinations with the desired characteristics, came to life in the late twentieth century. Despite the high probability that hunger problems may increase with the increasing world population; It is thought that plant breeding with classical farming methods will be insufficient in solving these problems. With various GMO applications developed all over the world, it aims to produce solutions to these problems. With the presence of GMO, it was possible to increase the shelf life of qualitative and quantitative values of the existing foods. In addition, decreases in agricultural use of pesticides used in agricultural struggle and threatening human health with GMO production are noteworthy. However, some concerns about anomalies that may occur in living things fed GMO products remain on the agenda. Because, in the long term, there is no clear and precise information that GMO will not have negative effects on living things; There are many recorded incidents showing their negative effects.

Functional correlates of negative effects of allostatic load with long-term adaptation to labor factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 682-682
Author(s):  
T. D. Lipenetskaia
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects

Under certain conditions of strong or prolonged external exposure, signs of either allostatic load or allostatic load are formed. The question of the different physiological nature of these states is discussed.

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