HEIGHT OF THE POLAR AURORA IN CANADA

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McLennan F.R.S. ◽  
H. S. Wynne-Edwards ◽  
H. J. C. Ireton
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polar Aurora ◽  
Lower Limits

Simultaneous photographs of the polar aurora were made at two stations in northern Ontario, Canada, and from them a number of values for the height and position were obtained. For the lower limits of arcs and bands these ranged between 70 and 130 km. with a maximum frequency between 90 and 95 km. The mean height for all such lower limits was 95 km. The distribution of the points with reference to the earth's surface is shown.

Observations below multiple lower limits of quantification: How to estimate the mean and variance

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1269
Author(s):  
Tanja Berger ◽  
Ralf‐Dieter Hilgers ◽  
Nicole Heussen
Keyword(s):  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits

scholarly journals 4.1 Meteors and Interplanetary Dust

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Millman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Lower Mass Limit ◽  
Number Of Particles

AbstractThe contribution of meteor observations to our knowledge of meteoroids and interplanetary dust is reviewed under four headings – flux, mass distribution, physical structure and chemical composition. For lower limits of particle mass ranging from 1 g to 10−5 g the mean cumulative flux into the earth’s atmosphere varies from 2 × 10−15 to 6 × 10−9 particles m−2 s−1 (2Πster)−1, and the mean size distribution of these particles is given by log N = C – 1.3 log M, where N is the cumulative number of particles counted down to a lower mass limit M, and C is a constant. The physical structure of meteoroids in the above range is essentially fragile, with generally low mean bulk densities that tend to increase with decrease in mass. A minor fraction, about 10 or 15 per cent, with orbits lying inside that of Jupiter, have densities several times the average densities, approaching those of the carbonaceous chondrites. The mean chemical composition of meteoroids seems to be similar to the bronzite chondrites for the elements heavier than number 10, but with the probable addition of extra quantities of the light volatiles H, C and O.

scholarly journals The Reliability and Test-Retest Stability of the Treatment Perception Questionnaire (TPQ) in the Oncology Field: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Federica Sancassiani ◽  
Sara Gambino ◽  
Jutta Lindert ◽  
Lapo Sali ◽  
Irene Pinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Total Test

Background: Patients' satisfaction is an indicator of technical, instrumental, environmental, and interpersonal aspects of care. It shows how much the health service “as a whole organization” meets the patients’ psychosocial expectations and if the health professionals combine their technical competence with relational skills. The Treatment Perception Questionnaire (TPQ) is a brief instrument developed in the United Kingdom for research with substance abuse disorder populations. The present study aimed at evaluating the reliability and test-retest stability of the TPQ Italian translation in a sample of patients with solid and blood cancers. Methods: The TPQ was administered to 263 people with solid and blood cancers. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subgroup of 116 participants who completed the TPQ again after 3 months. Results: The reliability of TPQ was good. Cronbach’s alpha: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.79-0.86), 0.66 (0.59-0.72), 0.71 (0.65-0.769), respectively, in the total test, and in subscales on “staff perception”, and “program perception”. Test-retest reliability was 0.82 (0.77-0.87). The mean difference between the first and the second assessment was 1.0 (SD = 7.1; 95% CI -0.35 to 2.33). By plotting the differences and the means of the two assessments, 5/116 cases (4.3%) were outside the upper and lower limits of agreement. Conclusions: This study points out good reliability and test-retest stability of the TPQ in the oncology field. The TPQ can be used to assess variation over time about satisfaction with care in patients with oncological diseases, favoring the identification of unmet patients’ needs about the quality of the service.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Transcutaneous Monitors for the Measurement of Arterial Po2 and Pco2 in Neonates

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Carter ◽  
M. Hochmann ◽  
A. Osborne ◽  
A. Nisbet ◽  
N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Electrode Temperature ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Hewlett Packard ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Arterial Po2

We examined the ability of two transcutaneous devices (Fastrac, Sensormedics Corporation, Yorba Linda, California, U.S.A. and Hewlett Packard M1018A, Hewlett Packard Component Monitoring System, Hewlett Packard, North Hollywood, U.S.A.) to measure arterial Pco2 and Po2 in neonates. Thirty-seven neonates had transcutaneous oxygen measured with the Hewlett Packard (HPo2 group), 38 neonates had transcutaneous carbon dioxide measured with the Hewlett Packard (HPco2 group) and the Fastrac was used on 27 neonates (FTco2 group). Both devices were operated with electrode temperatures of 43.5 °C although an additional ten subjects were studied using the Fastrac with an electrode temperature of 43.0°C. The mean differences (transcutaneous—arterial) and upper and lower limits of agreement were calculated for each group. For the HPo2 group they were 3.78 mmHg (-12.23 to 19.80 mmHg), for the HPco2 group they were 0.40 mmHg (-4.50 to 5.30 mmHg) and for the FTco2 they were - 0.96 mmHg (- 7.85 to 5.92 mmHg). For the Fastrac group at an electrode temperature of 43.0°C the mean difference and limits of agreement were -1.00 mmHg and -4.58 mmHg to 2.58 mmHg. The average sensitivity and specificity for both machines for the detection of hypocarbia were 82% and 92% respectively while for hypercarbia they were 90% and 94% respectively. For hypoxaemia, the sensitivity and specificity were 40% and 94% while for hyperoxaemia the sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 97%. We conclude that both machines provide a useful supplement to arterial Pco2 measurements and the Fastrac performs better at 43.0°C. The measurement of Po2 is less accurate but is still of clinical use.

Aerial Observations on the Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre), with Notes on Other Species

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exmouth Gulf ◽  
Southward Migration

Aerial observations of humpback whales in the region of Point Cloates, Western Australia, during 1952 are recorded. The first southward-moving humpback whale was sighted on July 21, while decreasing numbers were seen moving northwards until early October. In 1952 the change from a predominantly northward migration of humpback whales to a southward migration occurred close to August 24. The speed of migration of a number of these whales is recorded, the mean value being 4.3 kt. A few humpback whale calves were sighted early in July and a peak in their occurrence in August suggests maximum frequency of parturition early in August. A very great increase in the occurrence of calves in the area late in the season suggests that female humpback whales rearing calves move southwards later than other individuals. Some evidence is presented that Exmouth Gulf is a nursery area. The presence of some killer, fin, blue, and minke whales in the area is noted.

The Maximal Sniff in the Assessment of Diaphragm Function in Man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet M. Miller ◽  
John Moxham ◽  
Malcolm Green
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Diaphragm Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Neuromuscular Impairment

1. We studied diaphragm function in a total of 64 normal subjects, who had no past or present respiratory or neuromuscular impairment. 2. We measured transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during maximal sniffs and compared these values with Pdi during maximal static inspiratory efforts (PImax.). 3. The range of Pdi during maximal sniffs (82-204 cm H2O) had better defined lower limits than Pdi during PImax. (16-164 cm H2O) and a higher mean value : mean + sd for maximal sniffs was 137 + 28 cm H2O and for PImax. was 90 + 37 cm H2O. 4. The reproducibility of sniff Pdi was assessed in eight randomly chosen subjects over 3 days: the mean coefficient of variation was 7.2%. By comparison the coefficient of variation of Pdi during PImax. was 13.0% in seven subjects. 5. The maximal sniff is a spontaneous manoeuvre, easily performed, repeatable without tiring, and reproducible. Its measurement provides a more reliable quantitative method for assessment of diaphragm strength, which has potential in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Comparison between radial artery tonometry pulse analyzer and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography derived hemodynamic parameters in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Zayat ◽  
Andreas Goetzenich ◽  
Ju-Yeon Lee ◽  
HeeJung Kang ◽  
So-Hyun Jansen-Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits

BackgroundBedside non-invasive techniques, such as radial artery tonometry, to estimate hemodynamic parameters have gained increased relevance as an attractive alternative and efficient method to measure hemodynamics in outpatient departments. For our pilot study, we sought to compare cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) estimated from a radial artery tonometry blood pressure pulse analyzer (BPPA) (DMP-Life, DAEYOMEDI Co., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) to pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) echocardiography derived parameters.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2016, all patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery at our department were screened. Exclusion criteria were, inter alia, moderate to severe aortic- or Mitral valve disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) > stage II. One hundred and seven patients were included (mean age 66.1 ± 9.9, 15 females, mean BMI 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2). All patients had pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We measured the hemodynamic parameters with the BPPA from the radial artery, randomly before or after TTE. For the comparison between the measurement methods we used the Bland-Altman test and Pearson correlation.ResultsMean TTE-CO was 5.1 ± 0.96 L/min, and the mean BPPA-CO was 5.2 ± 0.85 L/min. The Bland-Altman analysis for CO revealed a bias of −0.13 L/min and SD of 0.90 L/min with upper and lower limits of agreement of −1.91 and +1.64 L/min. The correlation of CO measurements between DMP-life and TTE was poor (r = 0.501,p < 0.0001). The mean TTE-SV was 71.3 ± 16.2 mL and the mean BPPA-SV was 73.8 ± 19.2 mL. SV measurements correlated very well between the two methods (r = 0.900,p < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis for SV revealed a bias of −2.54 mL and SD of ±8.42 mL and upper and lower limits of agreement of −19.05 and +13.96 mL, respectively.ConclusionOur study shows for the first time that the DMP-life tonometry device measures SV and CO with reasonable accuracy and precision of agreement compared with TTE in preoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Tonometry BPPA are relatively quick and simple measuring devices, which facilitate the collection of cardiac and hemodynamic information. Further studies with a larger number of patients and with repeated measurements are in progress to test the reliability and repeatability of DMP-Life system.

Physiologically interpretable prediction equations for spirometric indexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Lubiński ◽  
Tomasz Gólczewski
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Maximal Expiratory Flow ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Lower Limits

The need for ethnic-specific reference values of lung function variables (LFs) is acknowledged. Their estimation requires expensive and laborious examinations, and therefore additional use of results in physiology and epidemiology would be profitable. To this end, we proposed a form of prediction equations with physiologically interpretable coefficients: a baseline, the onset age (A0) and rate (S) of LF decline, and a height coefficient. The form was tested with data from healthy, nonsmoking Poles aged 18–85 yr (1,120 men, 1,625 women) who performed spirometry maneuvers according to American Thoracic Society criteria. The values of all the coefficients (also A0) for several LFs were determined with regression of LF on patient's age and deviation of patient's height from the mean height in the year group of this patient. S values for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (MEF75) were very similar in both sexes (1.03 ± 0.07%/yr). FEV1/FVC declines four to five times slower. S for MEF25 appeared age dependent. A0 was smallest (28–32 yr) for MEF25 and FEV1. About 50% of each age subgroup (18–40, 41–60, 61–85 yr) exhibited LFs below the mean, and 4–6% were below the 5th percentile lower limits of normal, and thus the form of equations proposed in the paper appeared appropriate for spirometry. Additionally, if this form is accepted, epidemiological and physiological comparison of different LFs and populations will be possible by means of direct comparison of the equation coefficients.

scholarly journals Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Three Ephedrines in Rat after Oral Administration of Unprocessed and Honey-Fried Ephedra Extract by Response Surface Experimental Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yezhe Cheng ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Hang Xing ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
Longshan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Pharmacokinetics Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acetate Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lower Limits

Ephedra have been used as a common traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. However, the perspiration effect of the unprocessed ephedra was too strong. Clinical trials have shown that processing methods play a critical role in moderating the perspiration property of ephedra according to the needs. A LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of the three ephedrines after oral administration of unprocessed and honey-fried ephedra extract. The contents of honey, frying temperature, and frying time were set at 20%, 116°C, and 7 min by the Box-Behnken response surface method, respectively. In the pharmacokinetics study, the biosamples were pretreated and extracted by protein precipitation method with acetonitrile and separated on an Agilent TC-C18column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid methanol and 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution (5 : 95, v/v). All calibration curves were linear (r>0.9932) with lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) < 12 ng/mL. The mean recoveries of the three analytes were higher than 75%. The pharmacokinetics study indicated that the reduced absorption of ephedrine hydrochloride (EH) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PEH) in honey-fried ephedra group might be the main reason for the moderation of the diaphoretic property.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Quercetin, Luteolin, and Apigenin in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Matricaria chamomilla L. Extract by HPLC-UV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxv Dong ◽  
Wei Lan ◽  
Xingbin Yin ◽  
Chunjing Yang ◽  
Wenping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Maximum Plasma Concentration ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits

A simple and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin in rat plasma after oral administration of Matricaria chamomilla L. extract. The flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was kept at 350 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.11–11.36 μg/ml for quercetin, 0.11–11.20 μg/ml for luteolin, and 0.11–10.60 μg/ml for apigenin, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions (RSD) were less than 8.32 and 8.81%, respectively. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of the three compounds were 0.11 μg/ml. The mean recoveries for quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were 99.11, 95.62, and 95.21%, respectively. Stability studies demonstrated that the three compounds were stable in the preparation and analytical process. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.29 ± 0.06, 3.04 ± 0.60, and 0.42 ± 0.10 μg/ml, respectively. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.79 ± 0.25, 0.42 ± 0.09, and 0.51 ± 0.13 h, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics study of quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin in rat plasma after oral administration of M. chamomilla extract.

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