PHYSIOLOGIC CURVE OF RESPONSE TO PHYTOHORMONES BY SEEDS, GROWING PLANTS, CUTTINGS, AND LOWER PLANT FORMS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15c (11) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Indolyl Acetic Acid ◽  
Dust Treatment ◽  
Lower Plant ◽  
Plant Forms

In all plant species tested, increasing concentrations of phytohormones produced responses falling on a physiologic curve from minimum through optimum to maximum which, if exceeded, led to injury and death. Indolyl-acetic acid, its butyric and propionic homologues, naphthylacetic acid, their salts, and mixtures gave similar results. Treating seeds with hormones incorporated in adsorbent dust stimulated both root and top growth markedly, with less danger of overdosage than in solution treatment. Dosages equivalent to 50 to 250 mg. per acre applied as dilute solutions to soil growing young lettuce and tomato plants covered the optimum range of stimulation to growth. Dust treatment of cuttings proved very convenient and successful in inducing rooting, the plants again showing a wider range of tolerance to dusts than to solutions. Fermentation of sugar by yeast responded to hormone stimulation. Various practical applications are discussed.

Periodic wavelet descriptor of plant leaf and its application in botany

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Mao Zeng ◽  
Tong-Lin Zhu ◽  
Xue-Ying Zhuang ◽  
Ming-Xuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shape Descriptor ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Periodic Wavelet ◽  
Plant Species Identification ◽  
Botanical Research ◽  
Wavelet Descriptor

Leaf is one of the most important organs of plant. Leaf contour or outline, usually a closed curve, is a fundamental morphological feature of leaf in botanical research. In this paper, a novel shape descriptor based on periodic wavelet series and leaf contour is presented, which we name as Periodic Wavelet Descriptor (PWD). The PWD of a leaf actually expresses the leaf contour in a vector form. Consequently, the PWD of a leaf has a wide range in practical applications, such as leaf modeling, plant species identification and classification, etc. In this work, the plant species identification and the leaf contour reconstruction, as two practical applications, are discussed to elaborate how to employ the PWD of a plant leaf in botanical research.

scholarly journals Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Indolyl Acetic Acid on Regeneration of Willow Branches and Germination

Nature ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 137 (3467) ◽  
pp. 618-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DAVIES ◽  
G. A. ATKINS ◽  
P. C. B. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indolyl Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Number of Candidate Effector Genes in Accessory Genomes Differentiates Pathogenic From Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Constantin ◽  
Like Fokkens ◽  
Mara de Sain ◽  
Frank L. W. Takken ◽  
Martijn Rep
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Effector Gene ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Potential Pathogen

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is widely known for causing wilt disease in over 100 different plant species. Endophytic interactions of Fo with plants are much more common, and strains pathogenic on one plant species can even be beneficial endophytes on another species. However, endophytic and beneficial interactions have been much less investigated at the molecular level, and the genetic basis that underlies endophytic versus pathogenic behavior is unknown. To investigate this, 44 Fo strains from non-cultivated Australian soils, grass roots from Spain, and tomato stems from United States were characterized genotypically by whole genome sequencing, and phenotypically by examining their ability to symptomlessly colonize tomato plants and to confer resistance against Fusarium Wilt. Comparison of the genomes of the validated endophytic Fo strains with those of 102 pathogenic strains revealed that both groups have similar genomes sizes, with similar amount of accessory DNA. However, although endophytic strains can harbor homologs of known effector genes, they have typically fewer effector gene candidates and associated non-autonomous transposons (mimps) than pathogenic strains. A pathogenic ‘lifestyle’ is associated with extended effector gene catalogs and a set of “host specific” effectors. No candidate effector genes unique to endophytic strains isolated from the same plant species were found, implying little or no host-specific adaptation. As plant-beneficial interactions were observed to be common for the tested Fo isolates, the propensity for endophytism and the ability to confer biocontrol appears to be a predominant feature of this organism. These findings allow prediction of the lifestyle of a Fo strain based on its genome sequence as a potential pathogen or as a harmless or even beneficial endophyte by determining its effectorome and mimp number.

Reducing Pathogens by Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid in Sheep Meat

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHBOUBEH MIRHOSSEINI ◽  
VAHID ARJMAND
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sheep Meat

Practical applications of different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM) of zinc oxide (ZnO) suspensions containing 1% acetic acid were investigated against the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. ZnO suspensions (0, 1, 3, 6, and 8 mM) containing acetic acid had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and S. aureus during 12 h of incubation, and the 8 mM suspensions of ZnO were the most effective against all the strains. These data suggested that the antibacterial activity of ZnO was concentration dependent. Thus, 6 and 8 mM ZnO were selected for further studies in meat. ZnO nanoparticles reduced initial growth of all inoculated strains in meat. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles in meat and indicates the potential of these nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent in the food industry.

scholarly journals Acetic Acid-Producing Endophyte Lysinibacillus fusiformis Orchestrates Jasmonic Acid Signaling and Contributes to Repression of Cadmium Uptake in Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jiansheng Guo ◽  
Yujun Sun ◽  
Songhua Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lysinibacillus Fusiformis ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment

Diverse signaling pathways regulated by phytohormones are essential for the adaptation of plants to adverse environments. Root endophytic bacteria can manipulate hormone-related pathways to benefit their host plants under stress conditions, but the mechanisms underlying endophyte-mediated plant stress adaptation remain poorly discerned. Herein, the acetic acid-producing endophytic bacteria Lysinibacillus fusiformis Cr33 greatly reduced cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tomato plants. L. fusiformis led to a marked increase in jasmonic acid (JA) content and down-regulation of iron (Fe) uptake-related genes in Cd-exposed roots. Accordantly, acetic acid treatment considerably increased the JA content and inhibited root uptake of Cd uptake. In addition, the Cr33-inoculated roots displayed the increased availability of cell wall and rhizospheric Fe. Inoculation with Cr33 notably reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and suppressed Fe uptake systems in the Cd-treated roots, thereby contributing to hampering Cd absorption. Similar results were also observed for Cd-treated tomato plants in the presence of exogenous JA or acetic acid. However, chemical inhibition of JA biosynthesis greatly weakened the endophyte-alleviated Cd toxicity in the plants. Collectively, our findings indicated that the endophytic bacteria L. fusiformis effectively prevented Cd uptake in plants via the activation of acetic acid-mediated JA signaling pathways.

scholarly journals The chemistry of Brazilian Leguminosae. LX. Indolylacetic acid from Tachigalia paniculata

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-807
Author(s):  
Silvia M. C. Dias ◽  
◽  
José G. S. Maia ◽  
Zenaide S. Ferreira ◽  
Otto R. Gottlieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Indolyl Acetic Acid

Abstract The ethanolic extract of trunk wood of Tachigalia paniculata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) was found to contain substantial quantities of 2-(3-indolyl)-acetic acid.

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