Predicting soil nitrogen availability to grain corn in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Stoeckli ◽  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Ben W. Thomas ◽  
Froogh Khaefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
History Of

Predicting the soil available nitrogen (N) to grain corn over a growing season in humid temperate regions is the key for improving fertilizer N recommendations. The objective of this study was to evaluate a suite of soil-N tests to predict soil N availability to grain corn over two growing seasons at 13 individual sites with long-term history of synthetic N fertilization in Ontario, Canada (13 site-years). At each site, fertilizer N was applied at various rates (0-224 kg N ha-1) to determine the crop response to N fertilizer, relative yield (RY) and the most economic rate of N (MERN). Across the entire dataset, water-extractable mineral N (WEMN) was the only soil test that strongly correlated to both RY (r = 0.74**) and MERN (r = -0.56*) indicating that in grain corn fields with long-term history of N fertilization, mineral forms of N in soil solution can be used for fertilizer N recommendations in southern and eastern Ontario. We also provide evidence that grouping soils based on clay content could further refine fertilizer-N recommendations for grain corn in Ontario. A multi-year validation of the WEMN test with more field sites and development of a fertilizer recommendation table for this soil test are recommended.

scholarly journals Local Soil Nitrogen Availability Affects Nitrate Uptake Capacity of Excised Peach Roots

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613d-613
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum ◽  
T.M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
N Status

The interrelationships were studied between local soil N availability, tree N status, and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} uptake capacity of excised roots of mature, commercially grown `O'Henry' peach trees. Nitrogen sufficient (+N) and deficient (–N) peach trees were established previously by differential N fertilization. High (+N) and low (–N) soil microsites were established under +N and –N trees in June 1994. Per unit root length \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} uptake capacities of roots excised from +N and –N microsites were measured in late July 1994. Root excised from +N microsites exhibited higher \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} uptake capacity per unit root length than roots from –N microsites irrespective of tree N status. The relationship of these data to the concept that \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document} uptake is a function of sink N demand will be discussed.

Assessing soil nitrogen availability in contrasting cropping systems at the end of transition to organic production

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Liu ◽  
A. M. Hammermeister ◽  
P. R. Warman ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability

Liu, K., Hammermeister, A. M., Warman, P. R., Drury, C. F. and Martin, R. C. 2011. Assessing soil nitrogen availability in contrasting cropping systems at the end of transition to organic production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 493–501. Quantifying soil nitrogen (N) availability at the end of a transition period for converting conventional fields to organic fields could enhance N management during the subsequent organic crop production phase. Soil total N (Ntot), KCl extractable N (KCl N) and potentially mineralizable N (No) were determined at the end of a 3-yr transition period. A complementary greenhouse ryegrass N bioassay was conducted using soils collected from the treated field plots. The field experiment consisted of six cropping systems comprising two N inputs (legume-based vs. manure-based) and three forage cropping treatments (0, 1 or 2 yr of forage in 4-yr rotations). The N input treatments consisted of alfalfa meal in the legume-based cropping system (LBCS) and composted beef manure in the manure-based cropping system (MBCS). Orthogonal contrasts suggested no differences in Ntot or KCl N either between LBCS and MBCS or between no-forage and forage cropping systems. However, in the greenhouse study, high cumulative N inputs in the MBCS resulted in significantly higher ryegrass N uptake and potentially mineralizable soil N than in the LBCS. Ryegrass N uptake ranged from 101 to 139 kg ha−1, which should be an adequate N supply for the succeeding potato crop. In the greenhouse, a ryegrass N bioassay effectively identified the differences in soil N availability. Ryegrass N uptake was linearly related to cumulative soil amendment N inputs but had no apparent relationship with N o. A systems approach provided a good assessment of N availability at the end of the transition period to organic production.

Long-term effects of repeated N fertilization and straw application in a jack pine forest. 3. Nitrogen availability in the forest floor

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1991-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Prescott ◽  
B.E. Kishchuk ◽  
G.F. Weetman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Straw Application

A long-term increase in N availability was evident in higher rates of net N mineralization and lower C/N ratios in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) forest floors that received 672 kg N•ha−1 in six applications or a single application of straw. There was no evidence of increased N availability in plots that received P and K in addition to N. Litter N concentrations were higher in N-fertilized and straw-treated plots, but rates of C mineralization and litter decomposition were not increased. Additions of N in repeated small applications or in conjunction with readily decomposable C in straw likely resulted in high retention of N in the ecosystem. The long-term increase in N availability was attributed to increased recycling of N, retention of added N in the ecosystem, and reductions in the ericaceous ground vegetation.

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: measuring ecosystem nitrogen status – a comparison of proxies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5395-5403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Almaraz ◽  
Stephen Porder
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
N Status

Abstract. There are many proxies used to measure nitrogen (N) availability in watersheds, but the degree to which they do (or do not) correlate within a watershed has not been systematically addressed. We surveyed the literature for intact forest or grassland watersheds globally, in which several metrics of nitrogen availability have been measured. Our metrics included the following: foliar δ15N, soil δ15N, net nitrification, net N mineralization, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic to organic nitrogen (DIN : DON) in soil solution and streams. We were particularly interested in whether terrestrial and stream based proxies for N availability were correlated where they were measured in the same place. Not surprisingly, the strongest correlation (Kendall's τ) was between net nitrification and N mineralization (τ  =  0.71, p < 0.0001). Net nitrification and N mineralization were each correlated with foliar and soil δ15N (p < 0.05). Foliar and soil δ15N were more tightly correlated in tropical sites (τ  =  0.68, p < 0.0001), than in temperate sites (τ  =  0.23, p  =  0.02). The only significant correlations between terrestrial- and water-based metrics were those of net nitrification (τ  =  0.48, p  =  0.01) and N mineralization (τ  =  0.69, p  =  0.0001) with stream DIN : DON. The relationship between stream DIN : DON with both net nitrification and N mineralization was significant only in temperate, but not tropical regions. To our surprise, we did not find a significant correlation between soil δ15N and stream DIN : DON, despite the fact that both have been used to infer spatially or temporally integrated N status. Given that both soil δ15N and stream DIN : DON are used to infer long-term N status, their lack of correlation in watersheds merits further investigation.

Long-term dynamics of mycorrhizal root tips in a loblolly pine forest grown with free-air CO2enrichment and soil N fertilization for 6 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth G. Pritchard ◽  
Benton N. Taylor ◽  
Emily R. Cooper ◽  
Katilyn V. Beidler ◽  
Allan E. Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Free Air

Indices of soil nitrogen availability in five Tasmanian Eucalyptus nitens plantations

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
G. K. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Total P

Several soil analyses were used to estimate available N in surface soils (0–10 cm) over a 2-year period at 5 sites that supported 1- to 4-year-old Eucalyptus nitens plantations, and once in subsoils (10–120 cm) at 3 of these sites. Soils were derived from basalt (1 site previously pasture, 1 Pinus radiate, and 2 native forest) or siltstone (previously native forest). Soil analyses examined were total N, total P, total C, anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN), hot KCl-extractable N (hot KCl-N), and NH4+ and NO3– in soil solution and KCl extracts. AMN, KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3–, and soil solution NH4+ and NO3– varied considerably with time, whereas hot KCl-N, total N, total P, and total C were temporally stable except for a gradual decline in total C with time at one site. Only total P was correlated with net N mineralisation (NNM) across all sites (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.05, n = 5). At 2–3 years after planting, soil solution and KCl-extractable NO3– dropped below 0.1 mm N and 1 μg N/g soil, respectively, at sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year (n = 3). Sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year also had ≤0.8 Mg P/ha. Although concentrations of indices of soil N availability decreased with depth, the contribution of subsoil (10–120 cm depth) to total profile N availability was estimated to be at least twice that of the top 10 cm. At an ex-pasture site, high concentrations of mineral N were found at 75–105 cm depths (KCl-extractable N, 289.3 μg N/g soil; 2.8 mm mineral N in soil solution), which may have become available to plantations as their root systems developed.

scholarly journals Carbon Mineralization in a Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Figueiredo ◽  
Coser ◽  
Moreira ◽  
Leão ◽  
Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil N Availability ◽  
Organic Matter Stabilization

Biochar has been presented as a multifunctional material with short- and long-term agro-environmental benefits, including soil organic matter stabilization, improved nutrient cycling, and increased primary productivity. However, its turnover time, when applied to soil, varies greatly depending on feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. For sewage sludge-derived biochars, which have high N contents, there is still a major uncertainty regarding the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on soil carbon mineralization and its relationship to soil N availability. Sewage sludge and sewage sludge-derived biochars produced at 300 °C (BC300), 400 °C (BC400), and 500 °C (BC500) were added to an Oxisol in a short-term incubation experiment. Carbon mineralization and nitrogen availability (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−) were studied using a first-order model. BC300 and BC400 showed higher soil C mineralization rates and N-NH4+ contents, demonstrating their potential to be used for plant nutrition. Compared to the control, the cumulative C-CO2 emissions increased by 60–64% when biochars BC300 and BC400 were applied to soil. On the other hand, C-CO2 emissions decreased by 6% after the addition of BC500, indicating the predominance of recalcitrant compounds, which results in a lower supply of soil N-NH4+ (83.4 mg kg−1) in BC500, being 67% lower than BC300 (255.7 mg kg−1). Soil N availability was strongly influenced by total N, total C, C/N ratio, H, pore volume, and specific surface area in the biochars.

The effects of long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen in the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Glendining ◽  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
N. J. Bradbury ◽  
D. Palazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil N

SUMMARYThe Broadbalk Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted (UK) includes plots given the same annual applications of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer each year since 1852 (48, 96 and 144 kg N/ha, termed N1 N2 and N3 respectively). These very long-term N treatments have increased total soil N content, relative to the plot never receiving fertilizer N (N0), due to the greater return of organic N to the soil in roots, root exudates, stubble, etc (the straw is not incorporated). The application of 144 kg N/ha for 135 years has increased total soil N content by 21%, or 570 kg/ha (0–23 cm). Other plots given smaller applications of N for the same time show smaller increases; these differences were established within 30 years. Increases in total soil N content have been detected after 20 years in the plot given 192 kg N/ha since 1968 (N4).There was a proportionally greater increase in N mineralization. Crop uptake of mineralized N was typically 12–30 kg N/ha greater from the N3 and N4 treatments than the uptake of c. 30 kg N/ha from the N0 treatment. Results from laboratory incubations show the importance of recently added residues (roots, stubble, etc) on N mineralization. In short-term (2–3 week) incubations, with soil sampled at harvest, N mineralization was up to 60% greater from the N3 treatment than from N0. In long-term incubations, or in soil without recently added residues, differences between long-term fertilizer treatments were much less marked. Inputs of organic N to the soil from weeds (principally Equisetum arvense L.) to the N0–N2 plots over the last few years may have partially obscured any underlying differences in mineralization.The long-term fertilizer treatments appeared to have had no effect on soil microbial biomass N or carbon (C) content, but have increased the specific mineralization rate of the biomass (defined as N mineralized per unit of biomass).Greater N mineralization will also increase losses of N from the system, via leaching and gaseous emissions. In December 1988 the N3 and N4 plots contained respectively 14 and 23 kg/ha more inorganic N in the profile (0–100 cm) than the N0 plot, due to greater N mineralization. These small differences are important as it only requires 23 kg N/ha to be leached from Broadbalk to increase the nitrate concentration of percolating water above the 1980 EC Drinking Water Quality Directive limit of 11·3mgN/l.The use of fertilizer N has increased N mineralization due to the build-up of soil organic N. In addition, much of the organic N in Broadbalk topsoil is now derived from fertilizer N. A computer model of N mineralization on Broadbalk estimated that after applying 144 kg N/ha for 140 years, up to half of the N mineralized each year was originally derived from fertilizer N.In the short-term, the amount of fertilizer N applied usually has little direct effect on losses of N over winter. In most years little fertilizer-derived N remains in Broadbalk soil in inorganic form at harvest from applications of up to 192 kg N/ha. However, in two very dry years (1989 and 1990) large inorganic N residues remained at harvest where 144 and 192 kg N/ha had been applied, even though the crop continued to respond to fertilizer N, up to at least 240 kg N/ha.

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