Overwintering and cold tolerance in the Moor Frog (Rana arvalis) across its range

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 705-714
Author(s):  
D.I. Berman ◽  
N.A. Bulakhova ◽  
E.N. Meshcheryakova ◽  
S.V. Shekhovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Moor Frog

Only two species of boreal Holarctic frogs (genus Rana Linnaeus, 1758) can survive freezing and overwinter on land; they are found in the subarctic and cold regions of North America (Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825) and Eurasia (Moor Frog, Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842) and are an example of an unusual adaptive strategy of overwintering. Freeze tolerance (down to –16 °C) of R. sylvatica has been thoroughly studied; however, little is known about cold resistance of R. arvalis in cold regions. We found that R. arvalis from European Russia and from West Siberia tolerate freezing down to –12 or –16 °C, whereas frogs from the Danish population survived freezing only to –4 °C (Y. Voituron et al. 2009b; J. Comp. Physiol. B, 179: 223–230). All of these populations, according to mitochondrial DNA markers, are closely related. We suggest that the observed differences in cold tolerance (–4 °C vs. –12 or –16 °C) could be caused either by adaptations to climatic factors or by differences in experimental protocols. The northeastern boundary of the geographic range of R. arvalis in Yakutia coincides with the transitional area between discontinuous and continuous permafrost; beyond this area, winter soil temperature sharply declines. The lower lethal temperature and overwintering ecology of R. arvalis in Siberia are similar to those of the North American R. sylvatica.

Assessment of the Reactions of Algal Communities to Influence of Climatic Factors in the North-Western Black Sea Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Minicheva ◽  
V. N. Bolshakov ◽  
E. S. Kalashnik ◽  
A. B. Zotov ◽  
A. V. Marinets
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Helminths of Moor Frog Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 (Amphibia: Anura) in the Volga Basin

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Igor V. Chikhlyaev ◽  
Alexander B. Ruchin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Rana Arvalis ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Spirometra Erinacei ◽  
First Time ◽  
Moor Frog

This is the first review of the helminth fauna of the moor frog Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842 from the Volga river basin (Russia). The article summarizes the authors’ and literature data on the helminthic fauna of this species. The method of complete helminthological dissection was used. Thirthy-eight helminth species were recorded from three classes: Cestoda (1), Trematoda (28), and Chromadorea (9). Nine helminth species are new to the moor frog in Russia: trematodes Gorgodera varsoviensis Sinitzin, 1905, Strigea falconis Szidat, 1928, larvae, Neodiplostomum spathoides Dubois, 1937, larvae, Tylodelphys excavata (Rudolphi, 1803), larvae, Pharyngostomum cordatum (Diesing, 1850), larvae, Astiotrema monticelli Stossich, 1904, larvae and Encyclometra colubrimurorum (Rudolphi, 1819), larvae, nematodes Strongyloides spiralis Grabda-Kazubska, 1978 and Icosiella neglecta (Diesing, 1851). The cestode Spirometra erinacei (Rudolphi, 1918), larvae were observed of this amphibian species in the Volga basin for the first time. The nematodes Rhabdias bufonis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and the trematode Haplometra cylindracea form the core of the helminth fauna of the moor frog. Information on species of helminths includes systematic position, localization, areas of detection, type and scheme of life cycle, geographical distribution, and degree of specificity to host amphibians.

A multiproxy record of sedimentation, pedogenesis, and environmental history in the north of West Siberia during the late Pleistocene based on the Belaya Gora section

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sheinkman ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh ◽  
Elena Bezrukova ◽  
Dmitriy Dobrynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North ◽  
Mis 5

Abstract Recent revision of the Pleistocene glaciation boundaries in northern Eurasia has encouraged the search for nonglacial geological records of the environmental history of northern West Siberia. We studied an alluvial paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the high terrace of the Vakh River (middle Ob basin) to extract the indicators of environmental change since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Two levels of the buried paleosols are attributed to MIS 5 and MIS 3, as evidenced by U/Th and radiocarbon dates. Palynological and pedogenetic characteristics of the lower pedocomplex recorded the climate fluctuations during MIS 5, from the Picea-Larix taiga environment during MIS 5e to the establishment of the tundra-steppe environment due to the cooling of MIS 5d or MIS 5b and partial recovery of boreal forests with Picea and Pinus in MIS 5c or MIS 5a. The upper paleosol level shows signs of cryogenic hydromorphic pedogenesis corresponding to the tundra landscape, with permafrost during MIS 3. Boulders incorporated in a laminated alluvial deposit between the paleosols are dropstones brought from the Enisei valley by ice rafting during the cold MIS 4. An abundance of eolian morphostructures on quartz grains from the sediments that overly the upper paleosol suggests a cold, dry, and windy environment during the MIS 2 cryochron.

Freeze-thaw injury in erythrocytes of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. R1346-R1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Costanzo ◽  
R. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Tolerant ◽  
High Concentrations

Erythrocytes from the freeze-tolerant wood frog (Rana sylvatica) were subjected to in vitro tests of freeze tolerance, cryoprotection, and osmotic fragility. The responses of cells from frogs acclimated to 4 or 15 degrees C were similar. Erythrocytes that were frozen in saline hemolyzed at -4 degrees C or lower. The addition of high concentrations (150 and 1,500 mM) of glucose or glycerol, cryoprotectants produced naturally by freeze-tolerant frogs, significantly reduced cell injury at -8 degrees C, but concentrations of 1.5 or 15 mM were ineffective. Hemolysis was reduced by 94% with 1,500 mM glycerol and by 84% with 1,500 mM glucose; thus glycerol was the more effective cryoprotectant. Mean fragility values for frog erythrocytes incubated in hypertonic and hypotonic saline were 1,938 and 49 mosM, respectively. Survival in freeze tolerance and cryoprotection experiments was comparable for erythrocytes from frogs and humans, suggesting that these cells may respond similarly to freezing-related stresses. However, the breadth of osmotic tolerance, standardized for differences in isotonicity, was greater for frog erythrocytes than for human erythrocytes. Our data suggest that erythrocytes from R. sylvatica are adequately protected by glucose under natural conditions of freezing and thawing.

scholarly journals Peat soils of boreal regressive bogs in West Siberia: Problems of biological diagnostics and systematics

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Shishkonakova ◽  
N. A. Avetov ◽  
T. Yu. Tolpysheva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Surface Horizon ◽  
The North ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Peat Surface ◽  
The Difference

In this paper we consider plant (geobotanical) indicators of soils, occurring in regressive bogs in the north taiga subzone of West Siberia. The specificity of regressive bogs is the difference between current vegetation and botanical composition of the peat surface horizon, which complicates their biological diagnostics. The data on peat botanical composition, degree of decomposition and thickness are presented. Destructive oligotrophic peat soils, the allocation of which is provided in the actual Russian soil classification at the level of subtype, occur in palsa bogs under shrub-lichen vegetation. Their indicators include lichens: Cladonia stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. stygia, C. arbuscula, C. mitis, Alectoria ochroleuca, Сetraria islandica, C. laevigata, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, Govardia nigricans. A new subtype - peat oligotrophic regressive soils - which occurs in non-freezing bog is suggested. The indicators of this soil subtype in pine-shrub-sphagnum bogs are lichens Cladonia cenotea, C. chlorophaea, C. coniocraea, C. cornuta, C. crispata, C. deformis, C. gracilis, C. fimbriata, C. mitis, C. ochrochlora, C. pleurota, C. polydactyla, C. pyxidata, C. rangiferina, C. stellaris, C. subulata, C. sulphurina and liverwort Mylia anomala . The indicators of regressive soils in bog hollows are mainly liverwort Cladopodiella fluitans , mosses Warnstorfia fluitans , W. exannulata , and lichen Cetrariella delisei .

scholarly journals The relative effect of altitude and aspect on saxicolous lichen communities at mountain summits from central-west of Argentina

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Martín Costas ◽  
Norma Canton ◽  
Juan Manuel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Cover ◽  
North And South

Abstract The altitudinal patterns of lichen communities in altitudinal gradients are very variable. The changes that occur along the mountains depend on climatic factors but also on microsite variables such as substrate type and aspect. The effect of altitude and aspect on richness, cover and composition of saxicolous lichens communities along an elevation gradient in extra Andean mountains from the central-west of Argentina was studied. Rock outcrops on the north and south aspect of three mountain summits distributed between 2,500 and 4,500 m.a.s.l. were sampled. Lichen species present in a 20 × 20 cm square were identified and the relative cover was measured using digital photography. Richness, cover and composition were analyzed through linear models and multivariate analysis. Fifty-eight saxicolous lichen species were identified between the three sites. Richness and cover were maximum at middle altitude. Also compositional differences among communities of each mountain summit were found. Finally, the effect of the aspect was significant at lower altitudes for cover and composition.

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