An ammonite zonation for the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of the North American Cordillera

This is the second in a series of papers intended to establish a Lower Jurassic ammonite zonation that takes into account the biostratigraphic and biogeographic peculiarities of the North American succession. In North America the lower boundary of the Toarcian is drawn at the first appearance of Dactylioceras above the last occurrence of Amaltheus and Fanninoceras. The lower Toarcian is represented by the Kanense Zone; the middle Toarcian by the Planulata and Crassicosta zones; and the upper Toarcian by the Hillebrandti and Yakounensis zones. Section 5 on the Yakoun River in the Queen Charlotte Islands is designated the stratotype for the Planulata, Crassicosta, and Hillebrandti zones; section 3 on the Yakoun River is designated the stratotype for the Yakounensis Zone; an ideal stratotype for the Kanense Zone is not presently known. Reference sections further illustrating the faunal associations that characterize the zones are designated in eastern Oregon (Snowshoe Formation) and northern British Columbia (Spatsizi Group). The Dactylioceratidae, Harpoceratinae, and Hildoceratinae provide the most important zonal indicators for the lower Toarcian; Dactylioceratidae, Phymatoceratinae, and Bouleiceratinae for the middle Toarcian; and Phymatoceratinae, Grammoceratinae, and Hammatoceratinae for the upper Toarcian. Phymatoceras hillebrandti is described as a new species.