Oxidation of Lactate to Carbon Dioxide by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1467-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
R. E. E. Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Oxidative Decarboxylation ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Level Of Activity

A comparative study on the ability of various fish tissues to carry out different stages of lactate oxidation was conducted with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Rate of oxidation of Na-L-lactate-1-14C (5 mM) and Na-L-lactate-3-14C (5 mM) by tissue slices from white muscle, red lateral line muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and gills was determined at 15 C by measuring the formation of 14CO2. In all tissues the liberation of 14CO2 was considerably higher with lactate-1-14C than with lactate-3-14C. Liver was the most active tissue for oxidation of lactate-1-14C (2805 mμmoles/g wet tissue/hr at 15 C) and gills for oxidation of lactate-3-14C (556 mμmoles/g wet tissue/hr at 15 C). With both substrates activity in the white muscle was very limited, whereas other tissues had an intermediate level of activity. The results suggest that, in trout, the catabolism of lactate may take place through oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and that liver plays an important role in such a process. It appears also that complete oxidation of lactate may be of significance in supplying energy for the exchange reactions in gills.

UTILIZATION OF LIPIDS BY FISH: I. FATTY ACID OXIDATION BY TISSUE SLICES FROM DARK AND WHITE MUSCLE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERII)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Pronounced Difference

The ability of the muscular tissue of fish to oxidize fatty acids has been studied on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). The rate of oxidation of Na hexanoate-1-C14, K octanoate-1-C14, and K myristate-1-C14by tissue slices from the lateral dark muscle and from the dorsal white muscle was determined at 25 °C by measuring the formation of C14O2. This transformation can be demonstrated in both the white and dark muscle; however, quantitatively a very pronounced difference exists between the two tissues, the dark muscle being more active.

Blood Lactate Levels in Free-Swimming Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Before and After Strenuous Exercise Resulting in Fatigue

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Driedzic ◽  
Joe W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Levels

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exercised to fatigue in a series of 60-min stepwise increasing velocity increments. There was no increase in blood lactate concentration, serially sampled during swimming by means of indwelling dorsal and ventral aortic catheters, at velocities as high as 93% of critical velocity of individuals. The data show that under these conditions the rate of production of lactate by white muscle, at less than critical velocities, is minimal or that the rate of elimination of lactate from white muscle is equal to its rate of utilization elsewhere. Immediately following fatigue blood lactate level increases rapidly. During the recovery period there appears to be a net uptake of lactate by the gills.

scholarly journals Lactate and Proton Dynamics in the Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY D. TURNER ◽  
CHRIS M. WOOD ◽  
DONNA CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Acid Load

Chronically cannulated rainbow trout were subjected to 6 min of severe burst exercise and monitored over a 12 h recovery period. There were short-lived increases in haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma protein, Na+ and Cl− levels. Plasma [Cl−] later declined below normal as organic anions accumulated. A much larger and more prolonged elevation in plasma [K+] probably resulted from intracellular acidosis. An intense extracellular acidosis was initially of equal respiratory (i.e. Pa,COa,CO2) a nd metabolic (i.e. ΔH+m) origin. However Pa,COa,CO2 was rapidly corrected while the metabolic component persisted. Plasma ammonia increases had negligible influence on acid-base status. Elevations in blood lactate (ΔLa−) were equal to ΔH+m immediately post-exercise but later rose to twice the latter. Simultaneous white muscle biopsies and blood samples demonstrated that muscle to blood gradients of lactate and pyruvate were maximal immediately post-exercise. As blood levels rose and muscle levels declined, an approximate equilibrium was reached after 4 h of recovery. Intra-arterial infusions of lactic acid in resting trout produced a severe but rapidly corrected metabolic acidosis. The rates of disappearance of ΔH+m and ΔLa− from the blood were equal. Infusions of similar amounts of sodium lactate produced a small, prolonged metabolic alkalosis with a much slower ΔLa− disappearance rate. It is suggested that the excess of ΔLa− over ΔH+m in the blood after exercise is associated with differential release rates of the two species from white muscle rather than differential removal rates from the bloodstream, and that the majority of the lactic acid load in muscle is removed by metabolism in situ.

UTILIZATION OF LIPIDS BY FISH: I. FATTY ACID OXIDATION BY TISSUE SLICES FROM DARK AND WHITE MUSCLE OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERII)

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Dark Muscle ◽  
Pronounced Difference

The ability of the muscular tissue of fish to oxidize fatty acids has been studied on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii). The rate of oxidation of Na hexanoate-1-C14, K octanoate-1-C14, and K myristate-1-C14by tissue slices from the lateral dark muscle and from the dorsal white muscle was determined at 25 °C by measuring the formation of C14O2. This transformation can be demonstrated in both the white and dark muscle; however, quantitatively a very pronounced difference exists between the two tissues, the dark muscle being more active.

Temperature Effects on Lactate–Glycogen Metabolism in Zinc-Intoxicated Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
Zinc Exposure

Acute, lethal exposures of fish to zinc cause gill damage and subsequent death through tissue hypoxia. This experiment showed that lactic acid production and glycogen utilization in dorsal white muscle of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) increased with time of exposure to a lethal concentration of zinc. Exposure of trout to zinc at 3, 11, and 19 C did not affect the timing or percentage change of lactic acid production or utilization of glycogen. Therefore, the previously observed high tolerance of zinc by warm-acclimated fish is not due to increased resistance to the tissue hypoxia caused by gill damage.

Physiological Consequences of Severe Exercise in the Inactive Benthic Flathead Sole (Hippoglossoides Elassodon): A Comparison With The Active Pelagic Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY D. Turner ◽  
CHRIS M. WOOD ◽  
HELVE HÖBE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Water Exercise ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Severe Exercise ◽  
Hippoglossoides Elassodon

Chronically cannulated flathead sole were subjected to 10 min of either moderate or exhausting burst exercise and monitored over a 12 h recovery period. Acid-base disturbances were more severe after exhausting exercise, but ionic and haematological changes were the same in the two treatments. Most effects were qualitatively similar to those previously described in severely exercised rainbow trout (Turner, Wood & Clark, 1983). Specific differences are discussed and related to the different external environments sea water vs fresh water), exercise capabilities and ecologies of the two species. The most striking divergence occurred in lactate (La−) and metabolic proton dynamics. Post-exercise La− levels in white muscle in sole were less than half those in trout but declined much more slowly. In contrast to the situation in trout, muscle [La−] remained significantly elevated and large muscle to blood La− gradient persisted even after 12 h recovery. Blood [La−] underwent only minimal elevation (<2 mequiv 1−1), and blood metabolic proton load (ΔH+m) greatly exceeded Δ;La− throughout the recovery period, effects directly opposite those in trout. This observed excess of ΔH+m over ΔLa− in the blood of exercised sole is probably not due to a preferential removal mechanism, because ΔH+m and ΔLa− disappeared from the blood at similar rates after an intra-arterial infusion of lactic acid in resting animals. It is therefore argued that the phenomenon reflects a differential release of the two metabolites from the white muscle of the sole, La− being strictly retained in the muscle for gluconeogenesis in situ.

Lipolytic Activity Toward Long-Chain Triglycerides in Lateral Line Muscle of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bilinski ◽  
Y. C. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

Lipolytic activity toward long-chain triglycerides was studied in the lateral line muscle of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by use of tissue slices. Emulsification of substrates with phospholipids was found to be necessary to demonstrate lipolysis, which occurred in decreasing intensity with tripalmitin, triolein, and tristearin. The lipolytic activity showed optimum activity at pH 7.3 and it was inhibited by NaF, protamine, and p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. Albumin had little effect on the activity. Epinephrine did not stimulate lipolysis, but it reduced loss of activity during preincubation.

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