Permeability of the Isolated Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Chorion to Ions as Estimated by Diffusion Potentials

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
D. J. Martin-Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Anions And Cations ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Diffusion Potentials ◽  
The Difference

The properties of the teleost chorion and perivitelline fluid may allow the embryo to develop in an ionic medium which differs from ambient. A knowledge of these properties facilitates assessment of the potential impact of environmental perturbations (e.g. low-pH episodes) on the developing embryo. Diffusion potentials are created when differing concentrations of a salt solution are imposed upon the opposite sides of isolated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) chorions. These diffusion potentials are related to the mobilities of the cations and anions. The magnitude of the diffusion potentials were measured with NaCl, CaC2, H2SO4, and HCl solutions. The results indicate that both anions and cations permeate the chorion. Chloride appears to have greater mobility through the chorion than does sodium, although the difference in mobility of such ion pairs moving through the chorion is not as great as the difference in their mobilities in aqueous solution. Diffusion potentials obtained with CaCl2 solutions, on the other hand, indicate reduced calcium mobility through the chorion relative to chloride. The decreased mobility of Ca2+ is probably due to adsorption to fixed negative charges on the chorion. The properties of the perivitelline potential of the intact egg could be simulated qualitatively by placing a solution of negatively charged colloid (hen's egg albumin) inside the isolated chorion.

Spawning of Escaped Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Hybridization of Females with Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1986-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Youngson ◽  
J. H. Webb ◽  
C. E. Thompson ◽  
D. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and F1 hybrids between Atlantic salmon and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were distinguished among juvenile salmonids sampled at emergence from rivers in western and northern Scotland. Hybrids were present in samples obtained from seven of the 16 rivers examined. Salmon fry and hybrid fry that were demonstrably the progeny of female salmon that had escaped from fish farms were identified by detecting the presence of maternal canthaxanthin, a synthetic flesh colorant, in the juveniles' pigment load. Canthaxanthin was detected in 101 (4%) of the 2350 salmon and eight (35%) of the 23 hybrids examined. The difference in the frequencies of salmon and hybrids carrying canthaxanthin was significant. Escaped female salmon hybridized with trout more frequently than did wild females.

Comparison, using minisatellite DNA profiling, of secondary male contribution in the fertilisation of wild and ranched Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ova

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Thompson ◽  
W R Poole ◽  
M A Matthews ◽  
A Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Minisatellite Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Western Ireland ◽  
Minimum Numbers ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Male Genotype

Secondary males, either subdominant adults or, more usually, parr which mature in freshwater, are known to successfully fertilise Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ova. This study has estimated the reproductive success of such secondary males in redds formed by pairs of wild and sea-ranched adults. Eight wild and 11 ranched redds were sampled from the Burrishoole system, western Ireland, in two consecutive years. Representative samples of fertilised ova were screened at three minisatellite loci to reconstruct the genotypes of putative anadromous parents and to estimate the proportion of eggs fertilised by secondary males. Multiple paternal genotypes were detected in 18 of the 19 samples, and of the 1484 progeny examined, 593 could not have been derived from the primary adult male genotype. The level of secondary male contribution detected among wild redds from Burrishoole (mean 28.9%) was similar to that found in previous published studies. The level among ranched redds was significantly higher (mean 48.2%) (P = 0.042). The difference was greater when data from 1995 were considered alone, with the average level of secondary male contribution in ranched redds being almost twice that in wild redds. Minimum numbers of secondary males were not significantly different between wild (mean 2.6) and ranched (mean 2.7) redds.

Telemetry reveals how catch and release affects prespawning migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Richard ◽  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Eliane Valiquette ◽  
Mélanie Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Critical Aspects

With the decline of many exploited fish populations, catch and release has become an increasingly used management practice to allow sport fishing while reducing its impact on wild populations. However, survival and reproductive success can vary according to the catch and release technique and environmental conditions, suggesting a potential impact of this practice on prespawning behaviour. Here we evaluate how some critical aspects of salmon freshwater migration are influenced by catch and release and by environmental factors. For this purpose, 40 multi-sea-winter Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (20 catch and release and 20 control) were followed by telemetry from June 2011 to March 2012. Temperature was found to influence movements and the daily probability that a fish would cross a fish ladder, while water discharge influenced daily distance travelled during the prespawning migration. Catch and release was found to influence the daily probability of fish to cross a barrier as well as the total distance traveled in the river. Overall, this study suggests that salmon caught and released by fishermen survive and reproduce, but that prespawning exploration behaviours could be altered compared with those of uncaught salmon.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

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