Genetic structure of an introduced pest, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), in Europe

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Forneck ◽  
M Andrew Walker ◽  
Rolf Blaich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sampling Set ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodology

A model for the genetic structure of grape phylloxera populations in Europe was developed using hierarchical sampling techniques and AFLP-PCR (amplified fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction) methodology. One-hundred three European and 6 North American phylloxera populations were studied. An additional European sampling set comprising 60 samples was analyzed to study regional subdivision. The populations grouped into two clusters loosely correlated with collection site location. Phylloxera populations collected from northern (above lat 43°) geographic regions were significantly different from southern (below 43°) populations. The northern cluster was more heterogeneous than the southern cluster, possibly reflecting holocyclic versus anholocyclic reproduction. Microgeographic scales of phylloxera genetic structure displayed as much variation within as among host plants. The host plant did not affect the genetic structure of European phylloxera as revealed in two independent experiments.Key words: Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, aphid, genetic structure, AFLP-PCR.

Genetic structure of an introduced pest, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), in Europe

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Forneck ◽  
M. Andrew Walker ◽  
Rolf Blaich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
Introduced Pest

Reproductive mode of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) in Europe: molecular evidence for predominantly asexual populations and a lack of gene flow between them

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vorwerk ◽  
Astrid Forneck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Asexual Populations

The genetic structure of European grape phylloxera populations, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), was analyzed using 6 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity data of 6 populations originating from northern and southern European viticultural regions was assessed for geographic differences, and the structure of 2 additional populations was examined in more detail, focusing on specific host plant and habitat charac ter istics. To test for "signatures" of clonal reproduction, different population genetic measures were applied to the data obtained from these populations. A total of 195 multilocus genotypes were detected in 360 individuals tested. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, negative FISvalues (from –0.148 to –0.658 per population), and the presence of multicopy genotypes revealed that the current major reproductive mode at each of the locations tested was asexual. The high genotypic diversity detected within and among populations, however, together with the occurrence of unique D. vitifoliae genotypes, indicates sexual recombination events took place, probably prior to the multiple introductions into Europe. The absence of overlapping genotypes between the sampling sites suggests low migration rates among the populations studied and implies that the main mode of insect dispersal is through infested plant material carried by human agency. The specific features of European D. vitifoliae habitats are illustrated to discuss the role of habitat and life cycle in the genetic structure of this globally important pest aphid species.Key words: Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, microsatellites, genetic structure, asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis.

Localization of the Br Polymorphism on a 144 bp Exon of the GPIa Gene and Its Application in Platelet DNA Typing

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kalb ◽  
Sentot Santoso ◽  
Katja Unkelbach ◽  
Volker Kiefel ◽  
Christian Mueller-Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Serological Typing ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Rflp Typing

SummaryAlloimmunization against the human platelet alloantigen system Br (HPA-5) is the second most common cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) in Caucasian populations. We have recently shown that a single base polymorphism at position 1648 on platelet mRNA coding for GPIa results in an aminoacid substitution at position 505 on the mature GPIa which is associated with the two serological defined Br phenotypes.Since DNA-typing of platelet alloantigens offers possibilities for useful clinical applications, we designed genomic DNA-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing for Br alloantigens. To establish this technique we analyzed the genomic organization of GPIa adjacent to the polymorphic base. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood cell DNA we have identified two introns (approximately 1.7 and 1.9 kb) flanking a 144 bp coding sequence of the GPIa gene encompassing the polymorphic base 1648. Based on the in- tron sequence, a PCR primer was constructed to amplify a 274 bp fragment which was used for allele-specific RFLP to determine the Br genotypes. The results of RFLP analysis using Mnll endonuclease obtained from 15 donors (2 Br37*, 2 Br^ and 11 Brb/b) correlate perfectly with serological typing by monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay.

scholarly journals Phytoplasma occurrence in apple trees in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fialová ◽  
M. Navrátil ◽  
P. Válová
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Phytoplasma Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The presence of phytoplasmas in apple trees with proliferation symptoms, rubbery wood symptoms and no symp­toms was determined by using polymerase chain reaction assays with primers amplifying phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. Phytoplasmas were detected in all trees with proliferation symptoms. Positive tests for phytoplasma in the group of trees with rubbery wood symptoms and of those without symptoms revealed a relatively high incidence of latent phytoplasma infection. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, phytoplasma of the same identity – apple proliferation phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrX-A) – was recorded in all positively tested trees.  

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