Allopolyploid origin and genome differentiation of the parasitic species Cuscuta veatchii (Convolvulaceae) revealed by genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amália Ibiapino ◽  
Miguel A. García ◽  
Maria Eduarda Ferraz ◽  
Mihai Costea ◽  
Saša Stefanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
35S Rdna ◽  
Genomic Probes ◽  
Haploid Karyotype

Interspecific hybridization and genome duplication to form allopolyploids are major evolutionary events in angiosperms. In the parasitic genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), molecular data suggested the existence of species of hybrid origin. One of them, C. veatchii, has been proposed as a hybrid between C. denticulata and C. nevadensis, both included in sect. Denticulatae. To test this hypothesis, a cytogenetic analysis was performed with CMA/DAPI staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA and genomic probes. Chromosomes of C. denticulata were small with a well-defined centromeric region, whereas C. nevadensis had larger, densely stained chromosomes, and less CMA+ heterochromatic bands. Cuscuta veatchii had 2n = 60 chromosomes, about 30 of them similar to those of C. denticulata and the remaining to C. nevadensis. GISH analysis confirmed the presence of both subgenomes in the allotetraploid C. veatchii. However, the number of rDNA sites and the haploid karyotype length in C. veatchii were not additive. The diploid parentals had already diverged in their chromosomes structure, whereas the reduction in the number of rDNA sites more probably occurred after hybridization. As phylogenetic data suggested a recent divergence of the progenitors, these species should have a high rate of karyotype evolution.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Analysis, Heterochromatin Characterization and Location of the rDNA Genes of Hycleus scutellatus (Coleoptera, Meloidae); A Species with an Unexpected High Number of rDNA Clusters

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Laura Ruiz-Torres ◽  
Pablo Mora ◽  
Areli Ruiz-Mena ◽  
Jesús Vela ◽  
Francisco J. Mancebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Rdna Sites

Meloidae are commonly known as blister beetles, so called for the secretion of cantharidin, a toxic substance that causes irritation and blistering. There has been a recent increase in the interest of the cantharidin anticancer potential of this insect group. Cytogenetic and molecular data in this group are scarce. In this study, we performed a karyotype analysis of Hycleus scutellatus, an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. We determined its chromosome number, 2n = 20, as well as the presence of the X and Y sex chromosomes. In addition to a karyotype analysis, we carried out DAPI staining. By fluorescence in situ hybridization we mapped the rDNA clusters on 12 different chromosomes. Compared to others, this species shows an unusually high number of chromosomes carrying rDNA. This is one of the highest numbers of rDNA sites found in the Polyphaga suborder (Coleoptera). Additionally, we isolated a satellite DNA family (Hyscu-H), which was located within the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, including the sex chromosomes. The results suggest that Hyscu-H is likely to be one of the most abundant satellite DNA repeats in H. scutellatus.

scholarly journals Comparative molecular cytogenetics in Melipona Illiger species (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderly Andrade-Souza ◽  
Olivia Maria Pereira Duarte ◽  
Cinthia Caroline Cardoso Martins ◽  
Igor Silva Santos ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Melipona Species ◽  
Almost All

Cytogenetic studies in Melipona are scarce with only 24 species analyzed cytogenetically. Of these, six species had the rDNA sites physically mapped and characterized by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (fish). The aim of this study was to perform karyotype analyzes on Melipona species from different regions of Brazil, with a greater sampling representative of the Amazonian fauna and using conventional, fluorochrome staining and FISH with heterologous rDNA probes. The predominant chromosome number was 2n = 18, however, the subspecies M. seminigra abunensis and M. s. pernigra showed 2n = 22 chromosomes. The karyotypes were symmetrical, however M. bicolor, M. quadrifasciata, M. flavolineata, M. fuscopilosa, M. nebulosa presented the first pair heteromorphic in length. CMA3+ blocks also exhibited heteromorphism of size and in almost all cases coincided with rDNA sites, except for M. crinita and M. nebulosa, which presented additional non-coincident CMA3+ blocks. The CMA/ rDNA sites were terminal and interstitial in species with high heterochromatic content, and pericentromeric in those species with low heterochromatic content. In addition to pointing out cytogenetic features of cytotaxonomic importance, the reorganization of the genome in Melipona is discussed.

Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of a trigenomic hybrid involving Solanum and Lycopersicon species

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Haider Ali ◽  
Dirk Jan Huigen ◽  
M S Ramanna ◽  
Evert Jacobsen ◽  
Richard GF Visser
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Potato Genome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Bridge Species ◽  
Genomic Probes ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

A 4x potato (+) tomato fusion hybrid (2n = 4x = 48) was successfully backcrossed with a diploid Lycopersicon pennellii (2n = 2x = 24). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) on somatic and meiotic chromosomes confirmed that the progenies were triploids (2n = 3x = 36) and possessed three different genomes: potato, tomato, and L. pennellii. Therefore, they have been called trigenomic hybrids. Total genomic probes of both Lycopersicon species were found to hybridize mutually, whereas the potato genome was clearly differentiated. During metaphase I, bivalents were formed predominantly between tomato and L. pennellii chromosomes and the univalents of potato chromosomes were most common. Trivalents in all cases included homoeologous chromosomes of potato, tomato, and L. pennellii. However, the triploids were totally sterile as determined from extensive crossing. On chromosome doubling of triploids by shoot regeneration from callus, hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72) were obtained. Despite exhibiting clear allohexaploid behaviour by forming 36 bivalents at meiosis, these were also completely sterile like their triploid counterparts. In spite of this drawback, the prospects of chromosome pairing between potato L. pennellii and Solanum genomes does open the possibilities for bringing the two genera close.Key words: trigenomic triploids, GISH, bridge species, potato (+) tomato fusion hybrids.

scholarly journals Monocentric chromosomes in Juncus (Juncaceae) and implications for the chromosome evolution of the family

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Guerra ◽  
Tiago Ribeiro ◽  
Leonardo P Felix
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Meiotic Analyses

Abstract Holocentric chromosomes are rare among angiosperms, but have been suggested to be shared by all or most of the species of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. However, no clear demonstration of the centromere type in Juncus, the largest genus of Juncaceae, has so far been published. Thus, we conducted a detailed chromosomal investigation of four Juncus spp. aiming to identify their centromere type. Mitotic chromosomes were analysed using the fluorochromes CMA and DAPI, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA probes and immunodetection of histones H3 phosphorylated at serine 10 (H3-S10ph) and H2A phosphorylated at threonine 133 (H2A-T133ph). DAPI-stained chromosomes of all species displayed typical primary constrictions, which were not related to AT-poor CMA+ heterochromatin or rDNA sites (usually negatively stained with DAPI). Immunodetection with H3-S10ph and H2A-T133ph revealed hyperphosphorylation of pericentromeric and centromeric regions, respectively, in a restricted area, as observed in monocentric chromosomes. Meiotic analyses in J. microcephalus showed no indication of inverted meiosis, commonly found in plants with holocentric chromosomes. Since the species investigated here belong to four different sections of Juncus and all of them display typical monocentric chromosomes, it seems that this kind of centromere is common in the genus and may represent the standard centromere organization for Juncus. If Juncus has monocentric chromosomes, there is no reason to hypothesize that other genera of Juncaceae for which centromeres have not been carefully investigated have holocentric chromosomes.

scholarly journals A populational survey of 45S rDNA polymorphism in the Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Bi ◽  
James P. Bogart ◽  
Jinzhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Ambystoma Jeffersonianum ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Rdna Polymorphism

Abstract The chromosomal localization of 45S ribosomal RNA genes in Ambystoma jeffersonianum was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA fragment as a probe (FISH-rDNA). Our results revealed the presence of rDNA polymorphism among A. jeffersonianum populations in terms of number, location and FISH signal intensity on the chromosomes. Nine rDNA cytotypes were found in ten geographically isolated populations and most of them contained derivative rDNA sites. Our preliminary study provides strong indication of karyotypic diversification of A. Jeffersonianum that is demonstrated by intraspecific variation of 45S rDNA cytotypes. rDNA cytotype polymorphism has been described in many other caudate amphibians. We predict that habitat isolation, low dispersal ability and decline of effective population size could facilitate the fixation and accumulation of variable rDNA cytotypes during their chromosome evolution.

scholarly journals Filamentous Bacterium Eikelboom Type 0092 in Activated Sludge Plants in Australia Is a Member of the Phylum Chloroflexi

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Speirs ◽  
Tadashi Nittami ◽  
Simon McIlroy ◽  
Sarah Schroeder ◽  
Robert J. Seviour
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Filamentous Bacterium ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Intracellular Aggregates ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Sequences

ABSTRACT Molecular data show that the filamentous bacterium Eikelboom type 0092, frequently seen in Australian activated sludge plants, is a member of the phylum Chloroflexi. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes designed against cloned 16S rRNA sequences from a full-scale enhanced biological phosphate removal-activated sludge plant community, where this was a dominant filament morphotype, suggest that it can exist as two variants, differing in their trichome diameter. When applied to samples from several treatment plants in eastern Australia, each FISH probe targeted only the type 0092 filament morphotype against which it was designed. The patterns of FISH signals generated with both were consistent with the ribosomes not being evenly distributed but arranged as intracellular aggregates. The FISH survey data showed that these two variants appeared together in most but not all of the plants examined. None stained positively for intracellular presence of either poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates or polyphosphate.

In situ hybridization in Actinidia using repeat DNA and genomic probes

1997 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yan ◽  
R. G. Atkinson ◽  
A. R. Ferguson ◽  
M. A. McNeilage ◽  
B. G. Murray
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repeat Dna ◽  
Genomic Probes

The Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Its Components in Recurrent Chordoma of the Spine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810
Author(s):  
Reza Akhavan-Sigari ◽  
Amanda Angelika Harcej ◽  
Stephan Herlan ◽  
Leonidas Trakolis
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Spinal Chordoma ◽  
The University

Objective Chordomas are uncommon primary malignant tumours that have a high rate of recurrence. They are thought to form along the spine from remains of the embryonic notochord. Treatment for recurrent tumours is complicated and contentious.They are unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chordomomas simply lack a viable chemotherapeutic standard. Throughout the fetus's development, the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathways connecting a variety of processes involved in tissue and organ expansion and differentiation. To investigate the role of signalling the hedgehog in recurrent spinal chordomas, immunohistochemistry was used to identify SHH and GLI1 levels. In situ hybridization was also used to differentiate PTCH1 and GLI1 expressions. Methods From 1997 to 2020, we looked at 23 paraffin-embedded recurrent spinal chordoma samples from 23 patients (9 men, 14 women; median age: 63 years). All the patients were treated at the University Medical Center Goettingen in Germany and Azad University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. This study only included patients who had been diagnosed with conventional chordoma. Results SHH expression (+) and GLI1 expression were discovered in all 23 cases (+) immunohistochemically. GLI1 and SHH levels were markedly increased by recurrent spinal chordoma scores. In the recurrent spinal chordoma, in situ hybridization demonstrated positive responses for PTCH1 and GLI1. Conclusion The Shh sample that represents is believed to play a role in spinal chordoma recurrence.The increased amounts of SHH and GLI1 activity in all chordoma samples, according to the study, indicate an autocrine ligand-dependent activation of the conventional HH signalling cacade. It's hard to rule out a non-canonical or paracrine pathway. Hedgehoginhibitors, such as SHH- and GLl-inhibitors, are believed to be associated in our findings, could be a promising approach for treating recurrent spinal chordomas.

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