Nutritional Antioxidants as Therapeutic and Preventive Modalities in Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Exercise Induced

Several mechanisms have been forwarded to explain the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damage. Free-radical mediated processes appear to be an important component of the inflammatory mediated response. Free radicals have also been demonstrated to be a contributing factor in the loss of calcium homeostasis within the cell. Therefore, one of the proposed treatments for preventing or reducing the extent of this damage is the intervention of free-radical mediated processes. Antioxidants are agents that typically work to prevent free-radical mediated alterations within cells by quenching free radicals. The traditional dietary antioxidants most commonly investigated to inhibit free-radical damage are vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta carotene. Other nutritional agents have also been noted to posses antioxidant properties. Isoflavonoids and some phytochemicals have been proposed to contain antioxidant properties. This paper briefly reviews some aspects of these agents and their role, either proven or proposed, in the prevention of oxidative stress and muscle damage. Key words: vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, genistein, oxidative stress

Estrogen and Gender Effects on Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Tiidus
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Gender Based

Information suggests that there may be gender-based differences in skeletal muscle responses to damaging exercise. Evidence demonstrates that estrogen has strong antioxidant properties and may be an important factor in maintaining postexercise membrane stability and limiting creatine kinase (CK) leakage from damaged muscle in female animals. Research demonstrates effects of estrogen and possible gender differences in other morphological and biochemical indices of postexercise muscle damage and leukocyte invasion. Nevertheless, there are conflicting findings suggesting that in some in vivo exercise models, estrogen administration has limited ability to affect exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage and max cause loss of tissue vitamin C. Gender differences appear to exist in tissue levels of other important antioxidants such as vitamin E and glutathione. More research is needed to fully define the potential for estrogen to influence postexercise muscle damage and the inflammatory response and to determine the mechanisms by which it may operate. Key words: exercise, neutrophils, creatine kinase, vitamin E, vitamin C

scholarly journals Comparison of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with Vitiligo and Healthy Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Agrawal ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
TK Dhali ◽  
SK Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Destruction Of Melanocytes ◽  
And Control

Background Vitiligo is a well-recognized pigmentary disorder of the skin and /or mucous membrane characterized by circumscribed ivory or chalky white macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex and still not well understood. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies.Objective To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo and of healthy controls by measuring levels of the oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes.Method A total of 80 clinically diagnosed cases of vitiligo and 80 control subjects were included in the study to assess the activity of MDA, vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and CAT in erythrocytes of patients and controls by using the spectrophotometric assay.Result There was statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA in patients with vitiligo compared to the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the levels of vitamin C (p=0.411) and vitamin E (p=0.771) between the patients with vitiligo and control group. The levels of CAT in the vitiligo patients were found to be significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.001).Conclusion Increased oxidative stress and decreased catalase have been observed in vitiligo patients and the data suggesting that the free radicals may be involved in the destruction of melanocytes or dysregulation of melanogenesis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 132-136

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahan Stepanyan ◽  
Melissa Crowe ◽  
Nagaraja Haleagrahara ◽  
Bruce Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Selection Of

Tocopherols (commonly referred to as “vitamin E”) are frequently studied antioxidants in exercise research. However, the studies are highly heterogeneous, which has resulted in contradicting opinions. The aim of this review is to identify similar studies investigating the effects of tocopherol supplementation on exercise performance and oxidative stress and to perform minimally biased qualitative comparisons and meta-analysis. The literature search and study selection were performed according to Cochrane guidelines. A 2-dimensional study execution process was developed to enable selection of similar and comparable studies. Twenty relevant studies were identified. The high variability of study designs resulted in final selection of 6 maximally relevant studies. Markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and muscle damage (creatine kinase) were the 2 most frequently and similarly measured variables. Meta comparison showed that tocopherol supplementation did not result in significant protection against either exercise-induced lipid peroxidation or muscle damage. The complex antioxidant nature of tocopherols and low accumulation rates in muscle tissues could underlie an absence of protective effects.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Clinical Consequences and Basic Principles of Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Antić ◽  
Nevena Draginić ◽  
Tomislav Nikolić ◽  
Nevena Jeremić ◽  
Dejan Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients who undergo regular hemodialysis. Oxidative stress is a non-traditional risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in this population of patients. It is defined as tissue damage caused by balance disturbance between the formation of free radicals and the function of protective antioxidative systems. The superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are precursors in the formation of stronger oxidants, such as: hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite and hypochloric acid. Superoxide dismutase is the first line of antioxidant protection while catalase, glutathione peroxidase, trace elements, vitamin C, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and coenzyme Q10 also have a significant antioxidative role. Hemo-dialysis is itself a trigger for the increased formation of oxygen free radicals. The two main pathophysiological mechanisms of the increased formation of free oxygen radicals during the hemo-dialysis session are: bionicompatibility of the dialysis membrane and the presence of endotoxins in the hemodialysis solution. The measurement of myeloperoxidase concentration in a patient’s serum during hemodialysis is an indicator of the severity of oxidative stress induced by the dialysis membrane (an indicator of the biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane). The main clinical consequences of oxidative stress include: atherosclerosis, erythropoietin resistance, malnutrition and amyloidosis associated with hemodialysis. The evaluation of oxidative stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis is performed by measuring the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malonyldialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, TBARS, F2-isoprostane, oxLDL), protein oxidation (AOPP), protein gelling (AGE), and oxidation of nucleic acids (8-OHdG). The antioxidant treatment strategy consists of replenishing vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, N-acetylcysteine and coenzyme Q10. On-line hemodialysis, a biocompatible vitamin E-coated dialysis membrane, an ultra-pure solution for hemodialysis, prevent oxidative stress, reduce the rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and improve life quality of patients treated with regular hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Lycopene - tomato's secret weapon against oxidative stress

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Sarkar ◽  
A Sahu ◽  
T Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Quenching ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tomato Products

Back ground: Lycopene, 40 carbon acyclic carotenoid containing 11 conjugated double bonds, is a phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Oxygen derived free radicals are the most reactive species and as an antioxidant lycopene has a singlet oxygen quenching ability twice as high as that of ?-carotene and 10 times higher that of ?-tocoferol, lycopene participate in a host of chemical reactions to protect critical cellular biomolecules including lipid, proteins and DNA. Materials and Methods: The present study include 30 subjects having oxidative stress, age between 40-60 years, nonsmoker, with no history of chronic systemic illness and no medication were taken as patients.30 patients matched healthy subjects were taken as control. All subjects were selected from outpatient department of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur M.P. After estimation of base line antioxidant enzyme and vitamins, we supplement 180 gm of tomato (products like soup, paste. ketchup) contain 12 mg of lycopene to the patient group. After 60 days of lycopene supplementation oxidative stress biomarkers like SOD, GPX, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation product MDA and other antioxidant vitamins A, vitamin C, vitamin E were estimated in patient's blood sample. Results: The main result of the study revealed that lipid per oxidation product MDA was found to be decreased significantly but after lycopene supplementation levels were improved. The results of SOD , GPX, GR, GSH,Vitamin A ,Vitamin E and Vitamin C were significantly increased after lycopene supplementation, it indicates the improved antioxidant profile after the supplementation of lycopene. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in oxidative stress after the supplementation of lycopene therefore the study suggest that body's internal production of antioxidant is not enough to neutralize all free radicals, so increased dietary intake of antioxidant lycopene in the form of tomato products is beneficial, which is easily available in developing country like India. Key Words: Oxidative stress; Lycopene; MDA; GSH; SOD; Vitamin C; Vitamin E DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9500 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 275-279

The benefit of a supplement with the antioxidant melatonin on redox status and muscle damage in resistance-trained athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Leonardo-Mendonça ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Tomás de Haro ◽  
Carlos de Teresa-Galván ◽  
Eduardo Guerra-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Exercise Induced

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals One-electron oxidation of ergothioneine and analogues investigated by pulse radiolysis: redox reaction involving ergothioneine and vitamin C

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter ASMUS ◽  
René V. BENSASSON ◽  
Jean-Luc BERNIER ◽  
Raymond HOUSSIN ◽  
Edward J. LAND
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
The One

Redox reactions of endogenous and exogenous sulphur-containing compounds are involved in protection against oxidative damage arising from the incidence and/or treatment of many diseases, including cancer. We have investigated, via pulse radiolysis, the one-electron oxidation of ergothioneine, a molecule with antioxidant properties which is detected at millimolar concentrations in certain tissues and fluids subject to oxidative stress, including erythrocytes and plasma. The spectrum of the transient species, assigned to the product of one-electron oxidation, observed after reaction of ergothioneine with the oxidizing radicals OH•, N3• and CCl3O2• has a maximum absorption at 520 nm and is very similar to that obtained by oxidation of analogous molecules such as 2-mercaptoimidazole, 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole, S-methyl- and S,N-dimethyl-ergothioneine. In the presence of vitamin C, the oxidized form of ergothioneine is repaired by a rapid reduction (k = 6.3×108 M-1·s-1) producing ascorbyl radicals. This co-operative interaction between ergothionine and ascorbate, similar to that previously observed between vitamin E and ascorbate, may contribute to essential biological redox protection.

scholarly journals Free radicals and vitamin antioxidants in health and lung diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Narayan Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
The Impact

Several lung diseases have undergone oxidative stress due to free radical insult. Consequently, antioxidant vitamin C and vitamin E play important role in defense against cellular injury by scavenging free radicals. This article reviews the potential mechanism of free radicals generation and vitamin antioxidant defense to link amongst various lung diseases. One of the manifestations of free radical mediated process is lipid peroxidation subsequently producing malondialdehyde (MDA) in these patients. Supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E as an adjuvant therapy as well as high intake of fresh fruits and vegetables appear to have a beneficial effect on lung health. Moreover, their consumption should be recommended on a daily basis. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy in patients with lung diseases.

Free Radicals, Exercise, and Antioxidant Supplementation

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell M. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Exercise Induced

Free radicals have been implicated in the development of diverse diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cataracts, and recent epidemic-logical data suggest an inverse relationship between antioxidant intake and cardiovascular disease risk. Data also suggest that antioxidants may delay aging, Research has indicated that free radical production and subsequent lipid peroxidation are normal sequelae to the rise in oxygen consumption with exercise. Consequently, antioxidant supplementation may detoxify the peroxides produced during exercise and diminish muscle damage and soreness. Vitamin E, beta carotene, and vitamin C have shown promise as protective antioxidants. Other ingestible products with antioxidant properties include selenium and coenzyme. The role (if any) that free radicals play in the development of exercise-induced tissue damage, or the protective role that antioxidants may play, remains to be elucidated. Current methods used to assess exercise-induced lipid peroxidation are not extremely specific or sensitive; research that utilizes more sophisticated methodologies should help to answer many questions regarding dietary antioxidants.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Vitamin C Intake on Muscle Damage in Male Adolescents Performing Strenuous Physical Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreef G. N. Gabrial ◽  
Marie-Christine R. Shakib ◽  
Gamal N. Gabrial
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

BACKGROUND: Strenuous non-regular exercise increases reactive oxygen species ROS level leading to an impaired balance between the endogenous antioxidant defence system and the free radicals production. Antioxidants intake can detoxify the peroxides produced during exercise, attenuating the inflammatory responses and therefore may prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of vitamin C intake in attenuating markers of muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in male adolescents performing the non-regular strenuous exercise. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty recreationally active male adolescents were assigned to participate in the study. Eligible subjects performed strenuous recreational exercise (2-3 times per week) were randomly divided into two groups: The vitamin C (VC) group that consumed 500 mg of capsulated vitamin C after breakfast for a period of 90 days and the placebo (PL) group that consumed identical capsules in form and aspect that contained 500 mg of maltodextrin for the same period. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed for muscle damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was evaluated as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Plasma creatinine, uric acid and urea were determined to monitor kidney function. C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation was also measured. RESULTS: In comparison between PL and VC groups, the plasma concentrations of muscle damage markers, oxidative stress markers, kidney function and inflammatory markers showed no significant difference in their baseline values (P > 0.05). The plasma concentrations of CK, LDH, MDA, urea, uric acid and CRP were significantly decreased in the VC group (P < 0.05) as compared to their values before the intake of vitamin C. CONCLUSION: The present results support the intake of vitamin C as an antioxidant for attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in male adolescents performing the strenuous physical activity.

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