Risk analysis in environmental systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhadi Shakshuki ◽  
Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ◽  
Tassew Wodaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Uncertainty is an inherent feature of environmental systems, which makes probabilistic models important. Environmental risk assessment is an important but time consuming task. For large-scale systems, use of linear systems with uncertainty information on parameters and inputs is one of the few possible methods to assess risk. To estimate risk, it is necessary to have at least the first two moments of output variables. This paper describes an efficient method developed for second-moment analysis of linear systems with uncertain coefficients. The main objective is to provide the means and the variances of the output and to provide efficient formulation and automation of the moment equations. This method is demonstrated in two real-world applications of environmental modeling.Key words: uncertainty, second-moment methods, risk analysis, reliability, linear systems.

Decoupling of Large Scale Systems

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak C. Shah ◽  
Mahmoud E. Sawan ◽  
Minh T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Systems

Zeitstrukturen im Jazz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Jazz Music ◽  
The Moment

Wie erlebt der Hörer Jazz? Bei dieser Frage geht es unter anderem um die Art und Weise, wie Jazz die Zeit des Hörens gestaltet. Ein an klassischer Musik geschultes Ohr erwartet von musikalischer Zeitgestaltung, den zeitlichen Rahmen, der durch Anfang und Ende gesetzt ist, von innen heraus zu strukturieren und neu zu konstituieren. Doch das ist keine Erwartung, die dem Jazz gerecht wird. Im Jazz wird der Moment nicht im Hinblick auf ein Ziel gestaltet, das von einer übergeordneten Struktur bereitgestellt wird, sondern so, dass er den Bewegungsimpuls zum nächsten Moment weiterträgt. Wie wirkt sich dieses Prinzip der Zeitgestaltung auf die musikalische Form im Großen aus? Der Aufsatz untersucht diese Frage anhand von Beispielen, an denen sich der Weg der Transformation von einer klassischen zu einer dem Jazz angemessenen Form gut nachverfolgen lässt.<br><br>How do listeners experience Jazz? This is a question also about how Jazz music organizes the listening time. A classically educated listener expects a piece of music to structure, unify and thereby re-constitute the externally given time frame. Such an expectation is foreign to Jazz music which doesn’t relate the moment to a goal provided by a large scale structure. Rather, one moment is carried on to the next, preserving the stimulus potentially ad infinitum. How does such an organization of time affect the large scale form? The paper tries to answer this question by analyzing two examples which permit to trace the transformation of a classical form into a form germane to Jazz music.

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