Comparison of the degradation patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in Aroclors byPseudomonasstrain LB400 after growth on various carbon sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Billingsley ◽  
C. Juneson ◽  
O. P. Ward ◽  
S. M. Backus
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Aroclor 1242 ◽  
Time Courses

Resting cells of Pseudomonas strain LB400, grown on biphenyl, transformed 80, 50, and 17% of Aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260, respectively. Resting cells grown on glucose or glycerol also transformed these polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures to the extent of 60, 35, and 9% for Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260, respectively. Time courses of the transformation of the separated individual congeners in the Aroclors were plotted and used to determine the transformation rate constants (k). By analysis of the rate constants, it was concluded that the order of degradation of the different congeners in an Aroclor were similar regardless of the growth substrate. In general, k values for the conversion of a particular congener were lower for cells grown on glucose or glycerol compared with cells grown on biphenyl. Generally, k values for the transformation of the same congener in different Aroclors were not the same: rate constants had highest values for the congener in Aroclor 1242 and lowest values in Aroclor 1260. The data allowed congeners to be grouped according to their relative rates of degradation. The ratio of k values for transformation of individual congeners in Aroclors by cells grown on biphenyl and glucose were not constant.Key words: Pseudomonas strain LB400, polychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclors, transformation, resting cells.

Studies on the transformation of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by Pseudomonas strain LB 400

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Billingsley ◽  
O. P. Ward ◽  
S. M. Backus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Degradation Medium

Resting cells of Pseudomonas strain LB400 are known to transform polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when the cells are previously grown on biphenyl. In this study, PCB transformation was also observed in resting cells grown on other substrates such as glucose and glycerol. The presence of PCB congeners in the growth medium increased the lag phase for the growth of cells on a biphenyl substrate but not on a glycerol substrate. Supplementation of the degradation medium with biphenyl dramatically decreased the rate of PCB congener transformation, while the presence of glycerol or glucose had little or no effect on PCB transformation rates. Removal rates with biphenyl-grown cells in the standard degradation medium for 2,4,2′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,4,5,2′,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl were 1.06, 1.66, and 224 μmol/(L∙h), respectively. Relative rates of transformation of 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl by biphenyl-, glucose-, and glycerol-grown cells were 100:36:36 and were similar to the relative rates of transformation of 2,4,5,2′,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (100:33:42). The presence of PCBs adversely affected cell viability of biphenyl-grown cells over a 48-h incubation period and may explain the decline observed in PCB conversion capacity over the same incubation period. A major objective of this study was to investigate the significance of using biphenyl as the carbon source for growth of Pseudomonas strain LB400 cells capable of PCB transformation. Our findings indicate that, whereas higher rates of transformation of PCBs are observed with biphenyl-grown cells, cells grown on other carbon sources retain PCB-transforming enzymes. In addition, it has been demonstrated that biphenyl inhibits transformation of PCBs by the organism, whereas glycerol or glucose does not.Key words: Pseudomonas strain LB400, polychlorinated biphenyls, degradation, biphenyl.

Production of metabolites from chlorobiphenyls by resting cells ofPseudomonasstrain LB400 after growth on different carbon sources

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Billingsley ◽  
S M Backus ◽  
O P Ward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Metabolite Formation ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acids ◽  
General Order

Cells of Pseudomonas strain LB400, grown on biphenyl, glucose, or glycerol, transformed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners into chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) metabolites. Transformation of the PCB congeners, 2,3-chlorobiphenyl (CBP), 2,2'-CBP, 2,5,4'-CBP, and 2,4,2',4'-CBP, produced the metabolites, 2,3-CBA, 2-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,4-CBA, respectively. Rates and extents of PCB transformation and metabolite formation were highest with biphenyl-grown cells. Intermediate rates of metabolite production were observed with glycerol-grown cells, and lowest rates of production were found with glucose-grown cells. Regardless of carbon source, the rate of degradation of congeners was faster than the rate of production of CBAs. Relative rates of PCB transformation and metabolite production from different congeners with cells grown on a particular substrate followed the same general order, 2,3-CBA (from 2,3-CBP) > 2-CBA (from 2,2'-CBP) > 4-CBA (from 2,5,4'-CBP) > 2,4-CBA (from 2,4,2',4'-CBP). Pseudomonas strain LB400 appeared unable to grow on any of the chlorobenzoic acids. However, Pseudomonas strain LB400 cells grown on biphenyl appeared capable of degrading 2-CBA and 2,3-CBA but not 4-CBA nor 2,4-CBA. Cells grown on glycerol appeared unable to metabolize any CBAs.Key words: polychlorinated biphenyls, metabolites, Pseudomonas LB400.

Collaborative Study of the Recovery and Gas Chromatographic Quantitation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chicken Fat and Polychlorinated Biphenyl–DDT Combinations in Fish

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon D Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Aroclor 1242

Abstract Nine laboratories collaborated on the analyses of PCBs in chicken fat and DDT-PCB combinations in fish. Existing AOAC multipesticide methodology with GLC quantitation was employed. One solution containing a mixture of Aroclors 1254 and 1260 was analyzed by GLC only. The fish samples were subjected to a published silicic acid procedure for separating the DDT-PCB mixtures. The DDT analogs were quantitated before and after the separation. The PCB content was quantitated by total peak height and total area comparisons against appropriate Aroclor(s), using electron capture GLC, and additionally in 6 laboratories by total area comparisons, using halogen-specific detection. The electron capture GLC data demonstrated better accuracy and precision. The following PCB recoveries were obtained by using total peak height comparisons: 5 ppm mixed Aroclor solution, 100±4%; 8 ppm Aroclor 1242-fortified chicken fat, 101±13%; 7.5 ppm Aroclor 1248-fortified chicken fat, 96±9%; incurred Aroclor 1242 chicken fat, 9.2 ppm±8%; 6 ppm Aroclor 1254-fortified fish, 75±14%; 6 ppm Aroclor 1260-fortified fish, 75±15%; and an environmentally incurred residue in fish, 4.5 ppm±20%. The 2 Aroclor-fortified fish samples were concurrently spiked with the p,p′-isomers of DDE, TDE, and DDT at levels of 4, 1, and 3 ppm, respectively. After silicic acid separation the combined recoveries for these 2 samples were: DDE, 86±13%; TDE, 89±20%; and DDT, 84±17%. Environmentally incurred-DDT residues were recovered at 4.1 ppm±14% for p,p′-DDE, 0.7 ppm±24% for o,p′-DDT, and 2.7 ppm±17% for p,p′-DDT. The DDT values calculated before the silicic acid separation compared favorably with those summarized. The multiresidue method for chlorinated pesticides, 29.001–29.027, has been adopted official first action to include polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry fat and fish.

Biological activity associated with noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls after microbial dechlorination of aroclor 1242® and aroclor 1254®

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Ganey ◽  
John F. Quensen ◽  
Mahmoud A. Mousa ◽  
Stephen A. Boyd ◽  
Margaret A. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Aroclor 1242 ◽  
Microbial Dechlorination

scholarly journals Construction of a Bioluminescent Reporter Strain To Detect Polychlorinated Biphenyls

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 5023-5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Layton ◽  
M. Muccini ◽  
M. M. Ghosh ◽  
G. S. Sayler
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Reporter Strain ◽  
Aroclor 1242 ◽  
Minimum Detection Limits

ABSTRACT A bioluminescent reporter strain, Ralstonia eutrophaENV307(pUTK60), was constructed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls by inserting the biphenyl promoter upstream of the bioluminescence genes. In the presence of a nonionic surfactant, which enhances the solubility of chlorinated biphenyls, bioluminescence was induced three- to fourfold over background by biphenyl, monochlorinated biphenyls, and Aroclor 1242. The minimum detection limits for these compounds ranged from 0.15 mg/liter for 4-chlorobiphenyl to 1.5 mg/liter for Aroclor 1242.

Cleanup of Pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Fish Extracts by Gel Permeation Chromatography

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L Stalling ◽  
Roger C Tindle ◽  
James L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Gel Permeation

Abstract Gel permeation chromatography was found to be an efficient and reproducible technique for removing lipids from fish extracts. Recoveries of DDT, DDD, DDE, methoxychlor, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, malathion, and parathion were found to be greater than 95%. Pesticide concentrations were equivalent to 0.01-1.0 ppm, based on the original fish tissue. Pesticide analysis was by gas chromatography, using an electron capture detector, and by liquid scintillation. Less than 0.5% of the lipids originally present in the fish extract was recovered in the pesticide-containing eluate. Several solvent and lipophilic gel systems were evaluated. A chromatographic system using cyclohexane and Bio Beads S-X2 gave the most satisfactory separations. Polychlorinated biphenyls were also recovered in good yields. When this technique was used in conjunction with the polychlorinated biphenyl separation technique of Armour and Burke, excellent results were obtained. The system, as described, may be adapted for automatic sample cleanup and may be used as the sole cleanup technique with some samples.

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