Structure and composition of the alkali-insoluble cell wall fraction of Coprinus macrorhizus var. microsporus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey B. Bottom ◽  
Donald J. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The alkali-insoluble (R-) fraction from the cell walls of Coprinus macrorhizus var. microsporus is a highly branched glucan, containing α-(1 → 4), β-(1 → 3), and β-(1 → 6) linkages as shown by methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, and enzymic hydrolysis. The α-(1 → 4)-linked segments are joined by occasional β-(1 → 3) links as suggested by the identification of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl erythritol in the hydrolysate of the reduced, periodate-oxidized glucan. Hydrolysis of the permethylated glucan gave nearly equimolar amounts of 2,4-di- and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose. Methylation analysis of the residue from enzymic hydrolysis, the "CORE-fraction," indicated the presence of glucose residues in this fraction linked through positions O1, O3, O4, and O6. Hydrolysates of the R-fraction contained mannose, glucosamine, and amino acids in addition to glucose.

Studies on the cell wall of Schizophyllum commune. Permethylation and enzymic hydrolysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

Two polysaccharide fractions S-glucan and R-glucan were isolated from the cell walls of Schizophyllum commune. S-Glucan is primarily alinear 1,3-α-glucan with occasional 1,6-αlinkages as shown by permethylation and partial acid hydrolysis. The glucan fraction also contains a small amount of xylose. The R-glucan fraction is a mixture of two polysaccharides, chitin and a highly branched glucan with linear 1,6-β and 1,3-β segments and 1,6-β branching. This conclusion is based on permethylation studies and enzymic hydrolyses.

scholarly journals Bacteriolytic enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus. Specificity of action of endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase

1970 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wadström ◽  
K. Hisatsune
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Bacteriolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bacteriolytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Digest ◽  
Micrococcus Lysodeikticus ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The bacteriolytic enzyme with an isoelectric point of 9.5 that is produced by all strains of Staphylococcus aureus investigated was purified from strain M18 (Wadström & Hisatsune, 1970). This enzyme released reducing groups from cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and was thus shown to be a bacteriolytic hexosaminidase. Although dinitrophenylation and acid hydrolysis of cell walls hydrolysed by a partially purified enzyme gave DNP-alanine and DNP-glycine from staphylococcal peptidoglycan, which indicated the presence of a peptidase and probably also an N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase, hydrolysis of cell walls by the extensively purified enzyme did not give any DNP-amino acids. The enzyme digest was purified by Amberlite CG-120 and Sephadex G-10 chromatography. Reduction by sodium borohydride of the disaccharide obtained was followed by acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography. Glucosamine completely disappeared after this treatment and a new spot identical with glucosaminitol appeared. The muramic acid spot remained unchanged. The purified enzyme was found to be devoid of exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. These results are compatible with the action of a bacteriolytic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. It is also proposed that this enzyme is probably identical with the staphylococcal lysozyme. The mode of action of this has not previously been investigated.

Compositional studies on the cell walls of the synnema and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Harris ◽  
Willard A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Hyphal Wall ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The composition of the cell walls of synnemal and vegetative hyphae of Ceratocystis ulmi was studied by fractionation and assay of released compounds. Residues after enzymatic hydrolyses were examined by electron microscopy. The synnemal wall was found to have 67% carbohydrate, 4.52% amino sugar, 5.02% protein, 1.6% lipid, and 0.59% ash, which accounted for 78.7% of the cell wall. The vegetative hyphal wall contained 56% carbohydrate, 3.44% amino sugar, 7.92% protein, 4.5% lipid, and 1.45% ash, which totaled 73.3% of the wall weight. Sugars identified were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and L-rhamnose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both wall types by cellulase and laminaranase indicated the presence of beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 linkages of glucose polymers. N-acetylglucosamine was liberated by chitinase. Most of the 16 amino acids detected in each wall type were at least twice as abundant in vegetative hyphal walls as in synnemal hyphal walls. Cellulase and laminaranase treatment of cell walls revealed a fibrillar structure. Chitinase-treated walls did not appear as fibrous, suggesting that the fibrous structure may be mostly chitinous. Synnemal cell walls are covered by electron-dense granules which may correspond to the pigment in the synnemal hyphae.

Polysaccharides from the Flowers of Malva Mauritiana L.: Structure of an Arabinogalactan

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2112-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Capek ◽  
Alžbeta Kardašová
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
C Nmr

A water-soluble arabinogalactan composed of D-galactose and L-arabinose in the mole ratio 1 : 1.4 has been isolated from the flowers of Malva mauritiana L. Partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were employed in structure elucidation. The arabinogalactan was shown to have a highly branched structure. The core consisted of 1,6-linked β-D-galactopyranose units, about 65% of which were substituted in position C-3 by side-chains of mainly 1,5-linked α-L-arabinofuranosyl residues.

Covalent attachment of amino acids to casein. 1. Chemical modification and rates of in vitro enzymic hydrolysis of derivatives

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine J. Puigserver ◽  
Lourminia C. Sen ◽  
Elvira Gonzales-Flores ◽  
Robert E. Feeney ◽  
John R. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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