DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF LIQUID SULPHUR DIOXIDE, ETHYL CHLORIDE, AND ETHYLENE OXIDE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Nickerson ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Liquid Sulphur

Dielectric constants of sulphur dioxide, ethyl chloride, and ethylene oxide have been measured over the frequency range 9 to 92 Mc./second and at temperatures between −35° and +20 °C. Dipole moments computed from the Debye, Onsager, and Kirkwood equations are reported and compared with the moments which are known from measurements on the gaseous substances.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF VAPORS ADSORBED ON ACTIVATED SILICA

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (6) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McIntosh ◽  
L. McLeod ◽  
H. S. Johnson ◽  
N. Hollies
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Capacity Change

A measure of the dielectric constants of several substances adsorbed on silica gel has been obtained by measuring the change in the capacity of an electrical condenser when measured amounts of the substances were adsorbed on silica gel situated between the plates of the condenser. The substances examined were ethyl chloride, n-butane, and ethylene oxide. The plot of capacity change vs. amount adsorbed was found, in all cases, to consist of two or more quite distinct sections, each approximating to linearity. The temperature coefficients of dielectric constant were evaluated. The dielectric constant calculated for adsorbed n-butane was close to that calculated for the bulk liquid, whereas the value calculated for adsorbed ethyl chloride was significantly lower than the value calculated for the liquid.

AN APPARATUS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF ADSORBED GASES AT FREQUENCIES UP TO 100 Mc./Sec.

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Waldman ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Frequency Range

The design of an apparatus suitable for the measurement of dielectric constants at frequencies up to 106 Mc./sec. is shown. The apparatus was used to measure changes in capacitance with volume adsorbed for the system sulphur dioxide – rutile at about 3.5 °C. and for frequencies of 13, 36, and 106 Mc./sec. The results failed to reveal any dispersion due to the adsorbed matter in this frequency range. The dielectric behavior observed is the same, within experimental error of a few per cent, as that found by Channen and McIntosh for the same system at 3.7 Mc./sec.

scholarly journals A hybrid broadband metalens operating at ultraviolet frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Serap Aksu
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Berry Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Frequency Range

AbstractThe investigation on metalenses have been rapidly developing, aiming to bring compact optical devices with superior properties to the market. Realizing miniature optics at the UV frequency range in particular has been challenging as the available transparent materials have limited range of dielectric constants. In this work we introduce a low absorption loss and low refractive index dielectric material magnesium oxide, MgO, as an ideal candidate for metalenses operating at UV frequencies. We theoretically investigate metalens designs capable of efficient focusing over a broad UV frequency range (200–400 nm). The presented metalenses are composed of sub-wavelength MgO nanoblocks, and characterized according to the geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase method using FDTD method. The presented broadband metalenses can focus the incident UV light on tight focal spots (182 nm) with high numerical aperture ($$\hbox {NA}\approx 0.8$$ NA ≈ 0.8 ). The polarization conversion efficiency of the metalens unit cell and focusing efficiency of the total metalens are calculated to be as high as 94%, the best value reported in UV range so far. In addition, the metalens unit cell can be hybridized to enable lensing at multiple polarization states. The presented highly efficient MgO metalenses can play a vital role in the development of UV nanophotonic systems and could pave the way towards the world of miniaturization.

Improved Rotational Constants and Dipole Moment and a Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Analysis of 2-Cyanothiophene and Dipole Moment of 2-Cyanofurane

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiese ◽  
L. Engelbrecht ◽  
H. Dreizler
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Quadrupole Coupling Constant ◽  
Rotational Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Quadrupole Coupling ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole

Results of a microwave investigation of the molecules 2-Cyanothiophene and 2-Cyanofurane are reported. The microwave spectrum of 2-Cyanothiophene was examined in the frequency range of 13 -40 GHz mainly to get a more accurate rotational constant A from the assignment of μb-btransitions. From the resolved hyperfine structure due to nuclear quadrupole coupling of the 14N-nucleus the quadrupole coupling constant X+=Xbb + Xcc was determined for 2-Cyanothiophene. No information for X- was available from the measured transitions.From Stark effect studies the dipole moments were determined for both molecules. The nuclear quadrupole coupling as a perturbation of the second order Stark effect was included in the Stark effect analysis

scholarly journals PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices—Technical Approach

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jewłoszewicz ◽  
Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz ◽  
Wojciech Przybył ◽  
Agnieszka Iwan ◽  
Ireneusz Plebankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Energy Bandgap

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s.

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