Effects of remediation on the bacterial community of an acid mine drainage impacted stream

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1316-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Ghosh ◽  
Moumita Moitra ◽  
Christopher J. Woolverton ◽  
Laura G. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Reference Stream

Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents a global threat to water resources, and as such, remediation of AMD-impacted streams is a common practice. During this study, we examined bacterial community structure and environmental conditions in a low-order AMD-impacted stream before, during, and after remediation. Bacterial community structure was examined via polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Also, bacterial abundance and physicochemical data (including metal concentrations) were collected and relationships to bacterial community structure were determined using BIO-ENV analysis. Remediation of the study stream altered environmental conditions, including pH and concentrations of some metals, and consequently, the bacterial community changed. However, remediation did not necessarily restore the stream to conditions found in the unimpacted reference stream; for example, bacterial abundances and concentrations of some elements, such as sulfur, magnesium, and manganese, were different in the remediated stream than in the reference stream. BIO-ENV analysis revealed that changes in pH and iron concentration, associated with remediation, primarily explained temporal alterations in bacterial community structure. Although the sites sampled in the remediated stream were in relatively close proximity to each other, spatial variation in community composition suggests that differences in local environmental conditions may have large impacts on the microbial assemblage.

scholarly journals Hydraulic retention time affects bacterial community structure in an As-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) biotreatment process

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (22) ◽  
pp. 9803-9813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Fernandez-Rojo ◽  
Corinne Casiot ◽  
Vincent Tardy ◽  
Elia Laroche ◽  
Pierre Le Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine

scholarly journals Extremely Acidophilic Protists from Acid Mine Drainage Host Rickettsiales-Lineage Endosymbionts That Have Intervening Sequences in Their 16S rRNA Genes

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5512-5518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. Baker ◽  
Philip Hugenholtz ◽  
Scott C. Dawson ◽  
Jillian F. Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acid Mine

ABSTRACT During a molecular phylogenetic survey of extremely acidic (pH < 1), metal-rich acid mine drainage habitats in the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, Calif., we detected 16S rRNA gene sequences of a novel bacterial group belonging to the order Rickettsiales in the Alphaproteobacteria. The closest known relatives of this group (92% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity) are endosymbionts of the protist Acanthamoeba. Oligonucleotide 16S rRNA probes were designed and used to observe members of this group within acidophilic protists. To improve visualization of eukaryotic populations in the acid mine drainage samples, broad-specificity probes for eukaryotes were redesigned and combined to highlight this component of the acid mine drainage community. Approximately 4% of protists in the acid mine drainage samples contained endosymbionts. Measurements of internal pH of the protists showed that their cytosol is close to neutral, indicating that the endosymbionts may be neutrophilic. The endosymbionts had a conserved 273-nucleotide intervening sequence (IVS) in variable region V1 of their 16S rRNA genes. The IVS does not match any sequence in current databases, but the predicted secondary structure forms well-defined stem loops. IVSs are uncommon in rRNA genes and appear to be confined to bacteria living in close association with eukaryotes. Based on the phylogenetic novelty of the endosymbiont sequences and initial culture-independent characterization, we propose the name “Candidatus Captivus acidiprotistae.” To our knowledge, this is the first report of an endosymbiotic relationship in an extremely acidic habitat.

Assessing arsenic bioremediation potential of epilithic biofilms affected by acid-mine drainage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Zecchin ◽  
Nicoletta Guerrieri ◽  
Evelien Jongepier ◽  
Leonardo Scaglioni ◽  
Gigliola Borgonovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Epilithic Biofilm ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Epilithic Biofilms

&lt;p&gt;Arsenic is a toxic but naturally abundant metalloid that globally leads to contamination in groundwater and soil, exposing millions of people to cancer and other arsenic-related diseases. In several areas in Northern Italy arsenic in soil and water exceeds law limits (20 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 10 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively), due to both the mineralogy of bedrock and former mining activities. The Rio Rosso stream, located in the Anzasca Valley (Piedmont) is heavily affected by an acid mine drainage originated from an abandoned gold mine. Arsenic, together with other heavy metals, is transferred by the stream to the surrounding area. The stream is characterized by the presence of an extensive reddish epilithic biofilm at the opening of the mine and on the whole contaminated waterbed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms allowing the biotic fraction of this biofilm to cope with extreme arsenic concentrations. The composition and functionality of the microbial communities constituting the epilithic biofilms sampled in the close proximity and downstream the mine were unraveled by 16S rRNA genes and shotgun Illumina sequencing in relation to the extreme physico-chemical parameters. In parallel, autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial populations were characterized &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; by enrichment cultivation and isolated strains were tested for their ability to perform arsenic redox transformation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Preliminary analyses indicated that the biofilm accumulated arsenic in the order of 6 &amp;#183; 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, in contrast to 0.14 mg L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, measured in the surrounding water. The main chemical parameter affecting the composition of the microbial community was the pH, being 2 next to the mine and 6.7 in the downstream sampling point. In both sampling sites iron- and sulfur-cycling microorganisms were retrieved by both cultivation and molecular methods. However, the diversity of the microbial community living next to the mine was significantly lower with respect to the community developed downstream. In the latter, autotrophic &lt;em&gt;Cyanobacteria&lt;/em&gt; belonging to the species &lt;em&gt;Tychonema&lt;/em&gt; were the dominant taxa. A complete arsenic cycle was shown to occur, with heterotrophic bacteria mainly responsible for arsenate reduction and autotrophic bacteria performing arsenite &amp;#160;oxidation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These observations indicate that the epilithic biofilm living in the Rio Rosso stream represents a peculiar ecosystem where microorganisms cope with metalloid toxicity likely using diverse mechanisms. Such microbial metabolic properties might be exploited in bioremediation strategies applied in arsenic-contaminated environments.&lt;/p&gt;

Molecular Identification of Iron Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Acid Mine Drainages in Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Abanto ◽  
Nicolaza Pariona ◽  
Julio Calderon ◽  
Gregory Guerra ◽  
Rina Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
The North ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Iron Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage Generation

Acidophilic iron-oxidizing microorganisms are important in both environmental and biotechnological applications. These microorganisms are known to accelerate the dissolution of sulfur minerals such as pyrite (FeS2), leading to the acid mine drainage generation , a serious pollution problem, that makes these microorganisms essential to the commercial processing of minerals and sulfur. In order to answer this question, diversity of native acidophilic bacteria isolated from acid mine drainage of Peru was evaluated. The samples were collected from Yanacocha mining (3000 m.a.s.l.) located in the North of Cajamarca region, Yanamina mining (4440 m.a.s.l.) located in the middle of Huancavelica region; finally, SPCC mining (2000 m.a.s.l.) located in the South of Moquegua region. We isolated 11 strains from which three were identified asAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, two asAt. ferrivorans, two asAt. ferridurans,three asLeptospirillum ferrooxidansand one asAcidiphilium sp.by comparative sequencing of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that some of the strains isolated are closely related to other already known, but there are some with similarities lower than < 95 percent. Our results provide the first study on the diversity of iron-oxidizing bacteria isolated from acid mine drainage of Peru.

scholarly journals Bacterial community structure in High-Arctic snow and freshwater as revealed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette K. Møller ◽  
Ditte A. Søborg ◽  
Waleed Abu Al-Soud ◽  
Søren J. Sørensen ◽  
Niels Kroer
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes

scholarly journals The Effect of a Sublethal Temperature Elevation on the Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated with the CoralPorites compressa

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Salerno ◽  
Dan R. Reineman ◽  
Ruth D. Gates ◽  
Michael S. Rappé
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Evidence points to a link between environmental stressors, coral-associated bacteria, and coral disease; however, few studies have examined the details of this relationship under tightly controlled experimental conditions. To address this gap, an array of closed-system, precision-controlled experimental aquaria were used to investigate the effects of an abrupt 1°C above summer ambient temperature increase on the bacterial community structure and photophysiology ofPorites compressacorals. While the temperature treatment rapidly impacted the photophysiology of the coral host, it did not elicit a statistically significant shift in bacterial community structure from control, untreated corals as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Two of three coral colonies harbored more closely related bacterial communities at the time of collection and, despite statistically significant shifts in bacterial community structure for both control and treatment corals during the 10-day acclimation period, maintained this relationship over the course of the experiment. The experimental design used in this study proved to be a robust, reproducible system for investigating coral microbiology in an aquarium setting.

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