Modeling trends in stem quality characteristics of loblolly pine trees in unthinned plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1446-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungkee Choi ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Pine Trees

Trends in stem quality characteristics of loblolly pine trees were investigated by using data from unthinned control plots established in plantations across 12 southern states in the United States and measured at 3 year intervals. At each measurement, the stem quality was classified into (i) single stem or forked, (ii) normal top or broken top, (iii) straight or sweep (bole sweep, butt sweep, short crook), and (iv) no disease or disease. Data through the first 15 years of observation showed that, on average, 4% of the trees were forked, 5% had broken tops, 41% had sweep, and 12% had disease or insect damage; 48% exhibited single stem, normal top, straight, and no disease or insect damage. Recovery rates out of forked, broken top, sweep, and disease classes were 37%, 83%, 30%, and 11%, respectively, over the 15 years. Multicategorical logit models were developed to predict stem quality characteristics from stand-and tree-level variables. Forked trees were related with tree diameter; broken tops were related with stand density, DBH, and relative height; sweep was related with stand age. Significant predictor variables for the incidence of disease or insect attack were not found. The occurrence of undamaged and disease-free trees can be predicted from DBH and relative height.

scholarly journals Effect of Hardwoods and Pine Density on Natural Loblolly Pine Yields and Product Distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Graham H. Brister
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Yield Function ◽  
Variable Threshold ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Abstract Data from 75 yield plots in natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands from the Georgia Piedmont were used to investigate the effects of hardwood and pine stand density on pine yields and product distribution. A yield function incorporating percentage of total basal area in hardwoods and the number of pine trees per acre, and a modifying equation to estimate merchantable volume to any top diameter limit above variable threshold diameters, were developed and used to evaluate these effects. There was a slight decrease in total yield as pine trees per acre increased, but the percentage of total yield in sawtimber decreased dramatically above 100 trees/ac. Hardwoods also decreased yields with virtually all of the decrease coming from sawtimber. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):99-102.

Foliage biomass distribution of loblolly pine as affected by tree dominance, crown size, and stand characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Xu ◽  
Timothy B Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Horizontal and vertical distributions of foliage biomass of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were analyzed for 30 trees in a plantation that had developed 12 years after several site-preparation treatments in the Georgia Piedmont, U.S.A. Regression analyses indicated that foliage biomass of individual branches increased with branch diameter and with branch relative height. Weibull models were used to characterize foliage biomass distributions and analyses revealed that branch foliage biomass distribution varied with branch-level, tree-level, and stand-level variables. Results indicate that the proportion of foliage biomass occurring within the inner crown increased with branch diameter and relative height. For trees of greater dominance, branch foliage biomass was more evenly distributed across the branch length. With increasing crown ratio of a tree, branch foliage biomass shifted from the inner to the outer crown. For trees of greater dominance, the vertical distribution of crown foliage biomass was more even, whereas less dominant trees shifted their foliage to the top of the crown. For trees of similar dominance, crown foliage tended to shift upward as stand leaf area index increased.

Influence of stand density on log quality of lodgepole pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Ballard ◽  
James N. Long
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Branch Size ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between stand density and stem quality characteristics for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta). The influence of initial stand density on end of rotation log quality was inferred by analyzing data from unmanaged, rotation-age stands. Quality characteristics examined included first log branch diameters, taper, wood density, and the proportion of sapwood. After differences in diameter at breast height were accounted for, only branch size was strongly influenced by stand density. A strong negative exponential relationship was found between the mean of the five largest branches per first log and number of trees per hectare.

Efficacy of five herbicide treatments for control of Pyrus calleryana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
James T. Vogt ◽  
David R. Coyle ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Chris Barnes ◽  
Christopher Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Callery Pear ◽  
Cut Stump

Abstract Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is rapidly spreading in the United States, gaining attention in the last two decades as a serious invasive pest. Recommended control methods include foliar, basal bark, cut stump, and hack-and-squirt application of herbicides, but there are few published studies with replicated data on efficacy. Four readily available herbicidal active ingredients and a combination of two active ingredients were tested for control efficacy against P. calleryana in old-field areas and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) understory. Basal bark applications (triclopyr, triclopyr + aminopyralid), foliar applications (glyphosate, imazapyr), and a soil application (hexazinone) effectively killed P. calleryana with the exception of hexazinone at one site, where rainfall may not have been optimal. Foliar application of glyphosate provided the most consistent control. Our results demonstrate efficacy of registered herbicide formulations for P. calleryana control in two geographic locations and two habitat types. The need for development of integrated pest management programs for P. calleryana is discussed.

Long-term effects of stand density management and genotype on wood properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the mid-South USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 491 ◽  
pp. 119176
Author(s):  
Michael A. Blazier ◽  
Thomas Hennessey ◽  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Scott Abbey ◽  
Ryan Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stand Density Management ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

scholarly journals High Throughput Screening of Elite Loblolly Pine Families for Chemical and Bioenergy Traits with Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Gifty Acquah ◽  
Brian Via ◽  
Tom Gallagher ◽  
Nedret Billor ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
The United States ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Chemical Traits

Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) dominates 13.4 million ha of US southeastern forests and contributes over $30 billion to the economy of the region. The species will also form an important component of the renewable energy portfolio as the United States seeks national and energy security as well as environmental sustainability. This study employed NIR-based chemometric models as a high throughput screening tool to estimate the chemical traits and bioenergy potential of 351 standing loblolly pine trees representing 14 elite genetic families planted on two forest sites. The genotype of loblolly pine families affected the chemical, proximate and energy traits studied. With a range of 36.7% to 42.0%, the largest genetic variation (p-value < 0.0001) was detected in the cellulose content. Furthermore, although family by site interactions were significant for all traits, cellulose was the most stable across the two sites. Considering that cellulose content has strong correlations with other properties, selecting and breeding for cellulose could generate some gains.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of thinning on height development of dominant and codominant loblolly pine trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Michael Smith ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals An Acaromyces Species Associated with Bark Beetles from Southern Pine Has Inhibitory Properties Against Raffaelea lauricola, the Causal Pathogen of Laurel Wilt Disease of Redbay

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu Olatinwo ◽  
Stephen Fraedrich
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Redbay Ambrosia Beetle

Laurel wilt is a destructive disease of redbay (Persea borbonia) and other species in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), cointroduced into the United States around 2002. During assessments of fungi associated with bark beetles from loblolly pine, an unknown fungus was isolated that appeared to have broad-spectrum antifungal activities. In this study, we identified the unknown fungus and determined the inhibitory effect of its secondary metabolites on R. lauricola. DNA analysis identified the fungus as Acaromyces ingoldii (GenBank accession no. EU770231). Secondary metabolites produced by the A. ingoldii completely inhibited R. lauricola mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates preinoculated with A. ingoldii and reduced R. lauricola growth significantly on malt extract agar plates preinoculated with A. ingoldii. R. lauricola isolates inoculated on PDA plates 7 days after A. ingoldii were completely inhibited with no growth or spore germination. Direct evaluation of A. ingoldii crude extract on R. lauricola spores in a multi-well culture plate assay showed inhibition of spore germination at 10% and higher concentrations. Secondary metabolites from A. ingoldii could be potentially useful in managing the future spread of laurel wilt.

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