Scaffolds in tissue engineering of blood vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Pankajakshan ◽  
Devendra K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Hemodynamic Forces ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds

Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. It involves in vitro seeding of cells onto a scaffold on which the cells attach, proliferate, and differentiate while secreting the components of extracellular matrix that are required for creating the tissue. The scaffold should provide the initial requisite mechanical strength to withstand in vivo hemodynamic forces until vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts reinforce the extracellular matrix of the vessel wall. Hence, the choice of scaffold is crucial for providing guidance cues to the cells to behave in the required manner to produce tissues and organs of the desired shape and size. Several types of scaffolds have been used for the reconstruction of blood vessels. They can be broadly classified as biological scaffolds, decellularized matrices, and polymeric biodegradable scaffolds. This review focuses on the different types of scaffolds that have been designed, developed, and tested for tissue engineering of blood vessels, including use of stem cells in vascular tissue engineering.

Engineering blood vessels and vascularized tissues: technology trends and potential clinical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prafulla Chandra ◽  
Anthony Atala
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Technology Trends

Abstract Vascular tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including providing in vitro generated vascularized tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Since the first report on the construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers are using biomimicry to generate functional vascular grafts and vascular networks. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used that includes biomaterials, cells, pro-angiogenic factors and microfabrication technologies. Techniques to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization include use of topographical engineering and controlled-release of growth/pro-angiogenic factors. Use of decellularized natural scaffolds has gained popularity for engineering complex vascularized organs for potential clinical use. Pre-vascularization of constructs prior to implantation has also been shown to enhance its anastomosis after implantation. Host-implant anastomosis is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood. However, it will be a critical factor in determining the in vivo success of a TEVGs or bioengineered organ. Many clinical studies have been conducted using TEVGs, but vascularized tissue/organ constructs are still in the research & development stage. In addition to technical challenges, there are commercialization and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with a focus on technology trends, challenges and potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Bioresorbable silk grafts for small diameter vascular tissue engineering applications: In vitro and in vivo functional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerak Gupta ◽  
Katherine L. Lorentz ◽  
Darren G. Haskett ◽  
Eoghan M. Cunnane ◽  
Aneesh K. Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Applications

Surface Modification by Nanobiomaterials for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Shan Hung ◽  
Shan-hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Vascular Biomaterials

Treatment of cardiovascular disease has achieved great success using artificial implants, particularly synthetic-polymer made grafts. However, thrombus formation and restenosis are the current clinical problems need to be conquered. New biomaterials, modifying the surface of synthetic vascular grafts, have been created to improve long-term patency for the better hemocompatibility. The vascular biomaterials can be fabricated from synthetic or natural polymers for vascular tissue engineering. Stem cells can be seeded by different techniques into tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro and implanted in vivo to repair the vascular tissues. To overcome the thrombogenesis and promote the endothelialization effect, vascular biomaterials employing nanotopography are more bio-mimic to the native tissue made and have been engineered by various approaches such as prepared as a simple surface coating on the vascular biomaterials. It has now become an important and interesting field to find novel approaches to better endothelization of vascular biomaterials. In this article, we focus to review the techniques with better potential improving endothelization and summarize for vascular biomaterial application. This review article will enable the development of biomaterials with a high degree of originality, innovative research on novel techniques for surface fabrication for vascular biomaterials application.

scholarly journals Effective decellularisation of human saphenous veins for biocompatible arterial tissue engineering applications: Bench optimisation and feasibility in vivo testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204173142098752
Author(s):  
Nadiah S Sulaiman ◽  
Andrew R Bond ◽  
Vito D Bruno ◽  
John Joseph ◽  
Jason L Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Replacement Model ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Vascular Scaffolds

Human saphenous vein (hSV) and synthetic grafts are commonly used conduits in vascular grafting, despite high failure rates. Decellularising hSVs (D-hSVs) to produce vascular scaffolds might be an effective alternative. We assessed the effectiveness of a detergent-based method using 0% to 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to decellularise hSV. Decellularisation effectiveness was measured in vitro by nuclear counting, DNA content, residual cell viability, extracellular matrix integrity and mechanical strength. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human and porcine cells. The most effective SDS concentration was used to prepare D-hSV grafts that underwent preliminary in vivo testing using a porcine carotid artery replacement model. Effective decellularisation was achieved with 0.01% SDS, and D-hSVs were biocompatible after seeding. In vivo xeno-transplantation confirmed excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility with recruitment of host cells without mechanical failure, and a 50% patency rate at 4-weeks. We have developed a simple biocompatible methodology to effectively decellularise hSVs. This could enhance vascular tissue engineering toward future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ana Santos ◽  
Yongjun Jang ◽  
Inwoo Son ◽  
Jongseong Kim ◽  
Yongdoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

3D Coculture of Human Endothelial Cells and Myofibroblasts for Vascular Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A. A. Pullens ◽  
Maria Stekelenburg ◽  
Carlijn V. C. Bouten ◽  
Frank P. T. Baaijens ◽  
Mark J. Post
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Mechanical Conditioning ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Limited Life

Cardiovascular disease is still the number one cause of death in the industrialized world. Diseased small diameter blood vessels are frequently replaced by native grafts. However, these vessels have a limited life time [1], for example the patency at 10 year after coronary artery bypass grafting of saphenous vein grafts is 57% [2]. Tissue engineering (TE) of small diameter blood vessels seems a promising approach to overcome these shortcomings or address the increasing need for substitutes during follow up surgery. Mechanical conditioning of myofibroblast (MFs) seeded constructs appears to be beneficial for functional tissue properties, such as cell proliferation, ECM production and mechanical strength [3,4]. Without a functional endothelial cell (ECs) layer however, patency may be compromised by thrombogenecity. Construction of an EC layer might on the other hand affect the tissue composition during culture, as was shown for bovine ECs, which influenced proliferation and ECM production of smooth muscle cells [5].

Simulation of the Role of Oscillatory Shear Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production in Engineered Heart Valve Tissue Formation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
João S. Soares ◽  
Trung B. Le ◽  
Fotis Sotiropoulos ◽  
Michael S. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Hemodynamic Performance ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves ◽  
Oscillatory Shear Stress

Living tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) may circumvent ongoing problems in pediatric valve replacements, offering optimum hemodynamic performance and the potential for growth, remodeling, and self-repair [1]. TEHV have been constructed by seeding vascular-derived autologous cells onto biodegradable scaffolds and exhibited enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) development when cultured under pulsatile flow conditions in-vitro [2]. After functioning successfully for up to 8 months in the pulmonary circulation of growing lambs, TEHV underwent extensive in vivo remodeling and structural evolution and have demonstrated the feasibility of engineering living heart valves in vitro [3]. The employment of novel cell sources, which are clinically obtainable in principle such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is key to achieve viable clinical application [4].

scholarly journals Vascular Tissue Engineering: Polymers and Methodologies for Small Caliber Vascular Grafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna B. J. Leal ◽  
Naohiro Wakabayashi ◽  
Kyohei Oyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Kamiya ◽  
Daikelly I. Braghirolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Engineering Polymers ◽  
Autologous Grafts

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. In severe cases, replacement or revascularization using vascular grafts are the treatment options. While several synthetic vascular grafts are clinically used with common approval for medium to large-caliber vessels, autologous vascular grafts are the only options clinically approved for small-caliber revascularizations. Autologous grafts have, however, some limitations in quantity and quality, and cause an invasiveness to patients when harvested. Therefore, the development of small-caliber synthetic vascular grafts (&lt;5 mm) has been urged. Since small-caliber synthetic grafts made from the same materials as middle and large-caliber grafts have poor patency rates due to thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia within the graft, newly innovative methodologies with vascular tissue engineering such as electrospinning, decellularization, lyophilization, and 3D printing, and novel polymers have been developed. This review article represents topics on the methodologies used in the development of scaffold-based vascular grafts and the polymers used in vitro and in vivo.

Insight on the endothelialization of small silk-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Cordelle ◽  
Sara Mantero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

Along with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, there is a strong need for small-diameter vascular grafts. Silk has been investigated as a biomaterial to develop such grafts thanks to different processing options. Endothelialization was shown to be extremely important to ensure graft patency and there is ongoing research on the development and behavior of endothelial cells on vascular tissue-engineered scaffolds. This article reviews the endothelialization of silk-based scaffolds processed throughout the years as silk non-woven nets, films, gel spun, electrospun, or woven scaffolds. Encouraging results were reported with these scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo when implanted in small- to middle-sized animals. The use of coatings and heparin or sulfur to enhance, respectively, cell adhesion and scaffold hemocompatibility is further presented. Bioreactors also showed their interest to improve cell adhesion and thus promoting in vitro pre-endothelialization of grafts even though they are still not systematically used. Finally, the importance of the animal models used to study the right mechanism of endothelialization is discussed.

scholarly journals Self-recovering dual cross-linked hydrogels based on bioorthogonal click chemistry and ionic interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 5912-5920
Author(s):  
Henan Zhan ◽  
Shanshan Jiang ◽  
Anika M. Jonker ◽  
Imke A. B. Pijpers ◽  
Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Click Chemistry ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ionic Interactions

The biocompatible, injectable and high water-swollen nature of dual cross-linked hydrogels makes them a popular candidate to imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo.

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