Myocardial lipid metabolism in cardiac hyper- and hypo-function. Studies on triiodothyronine-treated and transplanted rat hearts

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Vasdev ◽  
B. Korecky ◽  
R. B. Rastogi ◽  
R. L. Singhal ◽  
K. J. Kako
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Hearts

Lipid composition of the myocardium and in vitro lipid metabolism were studied in hearts from young rats after 30 days of treatment with triiodothyronine (100 μg/kg per day) and in heterotopically isotransplanted hearts of inbred adult rats 6 days after surgery. The former served as an experimental model of cardiac hyperfunction, while the latter, empty beating hearts, served as a model of cardiac hypofunction. In hearts from hyperthyroid animals the concentration of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, and the incorporation of 14C-labelled palmitic and erucic acid into these phospholipids were increased significantly as compared with controls. In contrast, the triglyceride concentration and the incorporation of palmitate into triglyceride were significantly decreased. In transplanted hearts, the phospholipid concentration and the incorporation of 14C-labelled fatty acids into phospholipids were significantly decreased as compared with the hearts of the inbred host rats of the same age. The results indicate that the mechanical performance of the heart affects the phospholipid composition, which maybe a reflection of increased or decreased proliferation of subcellular membranes in sustained cardiac hyper- or hypo-function.

scholarly journals PTRF/Cavin1 remodels phospholipid metabolism to promote tumor proliferation and suppress immune responses in glioblastoma by stabilizing cPLA2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaikai Yi ◽  
Qi Zhan ◽  
Qixue Wang ◽  
Yanli Tan ◽  
Chuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Tumor Proliferation

Abstract Background Metabolism remodeling is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) that regulates tumor proliferation and the immune microenvironment. Previous studies have reported that increased polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF) levels are associated with a worse prognosis in glioma patients. However, the biological role and the molecular mechanism of PTRF in GBM metabolism remain unclear. Methods The relationship between PTRF and lipid metabolism in GBM was detected by non-targeted metabolomics profiling and subsequent lipidomics analysis. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunoprecipitation were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of PTRF in lipid metabolism. A sequence of in vitro and in vivo experiments (both xenograft tumor and intracranial tumor mouse models) were used to detect the tumor-specific impacts of PTRF. Results Here, we show that PTRF triggers a cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-mediated phospholipid remodeling pathway that promotes GBM tumor proliferation and suppresses tumor immune responses. Research in primary cell lines from GBM patients revealed that cells overexpressing PTRF show increased cPLA2 activity —resulting from increased protein stability —and exhibit remodeled phospholipid composition. Subsequent experiments revealed that PTRF overexpression alters the endocytosis capacity and energy metabolism of GBM cells. Finally, in GBM xenograft and intracranial tumor mouse models, we showed that inhibiting cPLA2 activity blocks tumor proliferation and prevents PTRF-induced reduction in CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions The PTRF-cPLA2 lipid remodeling pathway promotes tumor proliferation and suppresses immune responses in GBM. In addition, our findings highlight multiple new therapeutic targets for GBM.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Impair FGF21 Action in HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Asrih ◽  
Christophe Montessuit ◽  
Jacques Philippe ◽  
François R. Jornayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Background/Aims: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key mediator of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the beneficial effects of exogenous FGF21 administration are attenuated in obese animals and humans with elevated levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFA). Methods: We investigated in vitro how FFA impact FGF21 effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. Results: In the absence of FFA, FGF21 reduced lipogenesis and increased lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells. Inhibition of lipogenesis was associated with a down regulation of SREBP-1c, FAS and SCD1. The lipid-lowering effect was associated with AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, and up regulation of CPT-1α expression. Further, FGF21 treatment reduced TNFα gene expression, suggesting a beneficial action of FGF21 on inflammation. In contrast, the addition of FFA abolished the positive effects of FGF21 on lipid metabolism. Conclusion: In the absence of FFA, FGF21 improves lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells and reduces the inflammatory cytokine TNFα. However, under high levels of FFA, FGF21 action on lipid metabolism and TNFα gene expression is impaired. Therefore, FFA impair FGF21 action in HepG2 cells potentially through TNFα.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Components of Ovine Erythrocyte Lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Connellan ◽  
CJ Masters
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
And Function ◽  
Erythrocyte Lipids

As part of a study of comparative lipid metabolism, the distribution of fatty acids has been investigated in a number of mammalian tissues (Horgan and Masters 1963; Masters 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Connellan and Masters 1965), a major aim of these studies being to facilitate correlation between lipid composition and function. In this context, it is widely recognized that membranes playa fundamental role in cellular metabolism, and that lipid is an essential component of these biomembranes (Stein and Danielli 1956). The study of structure-function relationships in this situation, however, has been hindered by the difficulty of isolating specific membranes without contamination by other lipids. The mature mammalian erythrocyte possesses advantageous characteristics for this type of investigation because of the lack of sub-cellular particles, and the resultant presence of only a single membrane type (Kogl et al. 1960). As an extension of previous investigations, then, the fatty acid composi-tion of ovine erythrocytes has been determined.

Temperature Acclimation Effects on Carp Nerve: a Comparison of Nerve Conduction, Membrane Fluidity and Lipid Composition

1990 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. HARPER ◽  
P. W. WATT ◽  
N. A. HANCOCK ◽  
A. G. MACDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Homeoviscous Adaptation ◽  
Brain Membrane ◽  
Arrhenius Plots

1. This paper describes the effects in vitro of temperature (5–35°C) on the conduction properties of vagus nerves from freshwater carp Cyprinus carpio L., either cold-(8°C) or warm-(28°C) acclimated. The results are related to changes in the physical state and lipid composition of brain membrane fractions. 2. The temperature dependence of the conduction velocity of the C (unmyelinated) component of the compound action potential (AP) were determined using Arrhenius plots. The relationship between log time-to-peak AP and the reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/K) is best described by two linear components. The grouped data for the warm-acclimated group had a break point at 23.6°C. At temperatures above 24°C the activation energy Ea was 18.3±8.33KJ mol−1 and below 24°C Ea was 49.7±3.78kJmol−1. The break-point for cold-acclimated nerves was 17.4°C with Ea values of 41.2±2.65 and 13.2±3.63 kJmol−1 below and above this temperature, respectively. 3. The Arrhenius plots of the fast—conducting A (myelinated) component of the AP for the warm- and for the cold-acclimated group were better fitted by two linear relationships with Ea values of 42.0±2.16 and 86.9±4.55kJmol−1 above and below the break at 13.1°C for the warm-and cold-activated nerves, respectively, and Ea values of 18.0-5.45 and 58.8-4.08 kJmol−1 above and below the break point, 19.3°C, for warm-and cold-acclimated nerves, respectively. 4. Steady-state fluorescent polarization of l,6-diphenyl-l,3,5-hexatriene-(DPH) labelled synaptosomal and myelin fractions of carp brain indicated partial homeoviscous adaptation in the membranes. Since there were no appreciable differences in their fatty acids, changes in membrane composition other than in the phospholipid fatty acids presumably occurred.

scholarly journals Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Savoini ◽  
Fabio Omodei Zorini ◽  
Greta Farina ◽  
Alessandro Agazzi ◽  
Donata Cattaneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Animal Products

Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.

scholarly journals Breed-specific factors influence embryonic lipid composition: comparison between Jersey and Holstein

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Baldoceda ◽  
Isabelle Gilbert ◽  
Dominic Gagné ◽  
Christian Vigneault ◽  
Patrick Blondin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
The Impact

Some embryos exhibit better survival potential to cryopreservation than others. The cause of such a phenotype is still unclear and may be due to cell damage during cryopreservation, resulting from overaccumulation and composition of lipids. In cattle embryos, in vitro culture conditions have been shown to impact the number of lipid droplets within blastomeres. Thus far, the impact of breed on embryonic lipid content has not been studied. In the present study were compared the colour, lipid droplet abundance, lipid composition, mitochondrial activity and gene expression of in vivo-collected Jersey breed embryos, which are known to display poor performance post-freezing, with those of in vivo Holstein embryos, which have good cryotolerance. Even when housed and fed under the same conditions, Jersey embryos were found to be darker and contain more lipid droplets than Holstein embryos, and this was correlated with lower mitochondrial activity. Differential expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and differences in lipid composition were found. These results show genetic background can impact embryonic lipid metabolism and storage.

INFLUENCE OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT OF ERUCIC ACID AND OTHER FATTY ACIDS ON FERTILITY IN THE RAT: STERILITY CAUSED BY ERUCIC ACID

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll ◽  
R. L. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Estrous Cycles

Male rats were raised on a diet of powdered Masters Meal with a supplement of 10% or more by weight of erucic acid. The animals suffered a progressive reduction in spermatogenesis and became completely sterile after about 5 months, despite their normal rate of growth and their apparently excellent state of health. Subsequent experiments have suggested that similar effects can be produced, though less readily, in adult rats on the same diet. Recovery of spermatogenesis apparently can take place provided testicular degeneration has not advanced too far. The impairment of spermatogenesis appears to be a specific effect of the erucic acid in the diet. The estrous cycles of female rats on the diet usually remained undisturbed but there was some interference with parturition. Few of the offspring survived for long because of deficient mammary development and lactation in the mother. The same impairment, occurred also when the animals were fed the diet with 15% by weight of oleic acid. The defects resemble those which occur in animals when fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids. The suggestion is offered, therefore, that erucic acid may interfere with reproduction by interfering with the metabolism of the essential fatty acids. The administration of erucic acid in the diet may afford a new lead for the control of fertility.

scholarly journals Lipid Composition of Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 Strain Grown on Glycerol as a Carbon Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Stela Križanović ◽  
Damir Stanzer ◽  
Gordana Čanadi Jurešić ◽  
Elizabeta Kralj ◽  
Karla Hanousek-Čiča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis

Research background. In this study the content and composition of lipids in ergosterol-reduced Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 strain grown on glycerol as a carbon source is determined. Blocking the ergosterol synthesis route in yeast cells is a recently proposed method for increasing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production. Experimental approach. The batch cultivation of M12 yeast was carried out under aerobic conditions in a laboratory bioreactor with glycerol as carbon source, and with pulsed addition of methionine. Glycerol and SAM content were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, while fatty acid composition of different lipid classes, separated by solid phase extraction, was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion. Despite the reduced amount of ergosterol in yeast cells, thanks to the reorganized lipid metabolism, M12 strain achieved high biomass yield and SAM production. Neutral lipids prevailed (making more than 75 % of total lipids), but their content and composition differed significantly in the two tested types of yeast. Unsaturated and C18 fatty acids prevailed in both the M12 strain and wild type. In all fractions except free fatty acids, the index of unsaturation in M12 strain was lower than in the wild strain. Our tested strain adjusts itself by changing the content of lipids (mainly phospholipids, sterols and sterol esters), and with desaturation adjustments, to maintain proper functioning and fulfil increased energy needs.Novelty and scientific contribution. Reorganization of S. stipitis lipid composition caused by blocking the metabolic pathway of ergosterol synthesis was presented. A simple scheme of actual lipid metabolism during active SAM production in S. stipitis, grown on glycerol was constructed and shown. This fundamental knowledge of lipid metabolic pathways will be a helpful tool in improving S. stipitis as an expression host and a model organism, opening new perspectives for its applied research.

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