Intra- and inter-individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams

Intraspecific variation in egg size, clutch size, and timing of laying was studied in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) maintained under conditions of constant temperature, humidity, photoperiod (14 h light: 10 h dark), and ad libitum food supply. Individual variation was marked in the experimental population: egg size 0.915–1.342 g, clutch size 2–7 eggs, and laying interval 4–13 days; however, within individual females egg size (r = 0.742) and clutch size (r = 0.588) were highly repeatable between first and second clutches. Body condition explained only 8% of egg size variation, and clutch size and laying interval were independent of body condition. Clutch size was negatively related to laying interval: females laying later relative to pairing laid smaller clutches (b = −0.175 eggs/day). Body mass of breeding females decreased by 1.57 g (9% of initial mass) during laying of first clutches; mass loss was positively related to initial body condition (R2 = 27.8%) and total clutch mass (R2 = 7.6%). Mass loss was lower (0.47 g) during laying of second or replacement clutches than during laying of first clutches. Individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches is very similar to that in free-living avian populations. Laboratory studies on captive-breeding species can provide a valuable approach for the study of proximate physiological mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation in reproduction.

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Wada ◽  
Katrina G. Salvante ◽  
Christine Stables ◽  
Emily Wagner ◽  
Tony D. Williams ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Arct ◽  
Joanna Rutkowska ◽  
Rafał Martyka ◽  
Szymon M. Drobniak ◽  
Mariusz Cichoń

The differential allocation theory predicts that females should invest more in offspring produced with attractive partners, and a number of studies support this prediction in birds. Females have been shown to increase reproductive investment when mated to males showing elaborated sexual traits. However, mate attractiveness might also depend on the interaction between male and female genotypes. Accordingly, females should invest more in offspring sired by individuals that are genetically dissimilar or carry superior alleles. Here, we show in zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) that pairs of unfamiliar genetic brothers and sisters are less likely to reproduce in comparison with randomly mated pairs. Among the brother–sister pairs, those that attempted to breed laid smaller clutches and of lower total clutch mass. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that females adjust their reproductive effort in response to the genetic similarity of their partners. Importantly, these results imply a female ability to assess relatedness of a social mate without prior association.


2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1561) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Waas ◽  
Patrick W. Colgan ◽  
Peter T. Boag

The hypothesis that social stimulation, derived from the presence and activities of conspecifics, can hasten and synchronize breeding in colonies of birds was tested. A modified playback/recorder system was used to continuously exaggerate the amount of colony sound available to zebra finches throughout their courtship period. Males that heard ‘sound supplements’ generated from their own colony sang more than males in control colonies that did not receive playback; males that heard samples from a different colony, sang at an intermediate level. Females that were exposed to the vocalizations of their mate and playback from a colony other than their own, laid eggs earlier and more synchronously than females in control colonies. Females that heard the vocalizations of their mate along with playback samples generated from their own colony, laid eggs more synchronously but not earlier than control females. Both acoustic treatments caused females to lay larger clutches. Social stimulation influences the breeding schedule and clutch size in zebra finch colonies. If there are advantages associated with these effects, social stimulation may contribute to the maintenance of colonial breeding systems.


The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mainguy ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jean-François Giroux

Abstract A spring hunt was implemented on the staging areas of Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) in Quebec in 1999 and 2000. We evaluated whether this activity, which occurred during the period of spring nutrient storage, may have affected the body condition and reproductive effort of laying geese. We collected laying females in years with a spring hunt (1999–2000, n = 34) and compared them with birds collected in years without a hunt (1989–1990, n = 10). All indices of body condition and clutch size were significantly lower in years with a hunt than in years without, and laying dates were delayed. Tracking of radio-marked females on the staging and breeding areas showed that a lower proportion of females reached the nesting areas in years with a hunt (28% in 1999–2000, n = 80) than in years without (85% in 1997–1998, n = 80) and that fewer females nested (9% vs. 56%, respectively). Our results suggest that the spring hunt negatively affected nesting geese. ¿Son Afectadas por la Cacería de Primavera la Condición Física y el Esfuerzo Reproductivo de Chen caerulescens atlantica? Resumen. La cacería de primavera fue implementada en áreas de escala de Chen caerulescens atlantica en Quebec en 1999 y 2000. Evaluamos si la cacería, que se llevó a cabo durante el período primaveral de acumulación de nutrientes, pudo haber afectado la condición fisica y el esfuerzo reproductivo de los gansos. Colectamos hembras que estuvieran poniendo huevos en años con cacería de primavera (1999–2000, n = 34) y las comparamos con aves colectadas en años sin cacería (1989–1990, n = 10). Todos los índices de la condición física y del tamaño de la nidada fueron significativamente menores en años con cacería que en años sin cacería, y se retrasaron las fechas de puesta. El seguimiento de hembras marcadas con radio en áreas de escala y cría mostró que una menor proporción llegó a las áreas de nidificación en años con cacería (28% en 1999–2000, n = 80) que en años sin cacería (85% en 1997–1998, n = 80), y que menos hembras nidificaron (9% vs. 56%, respectivamente). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la cacería de primavera afecta negativamente a los gansos nidificantes.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-516
Author(s):  
Michael C. Zicus ◽  
David P. Rave ◽  
Michael R. Riggs

Abstract Many bird eggs lose ∼15% of their fresh mass before pipping, but individual species have been reported to lose 10–23%. Most published estimates have been imprecise due to small sample sizes. Moreover, published estimates of within- or among-species variance components of mass loss are virtually unknown. We modeled the influence of nest type, clutch size, and egg size on daily mass loss of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) eggs and compared fractional mass loss among species. Mallard eggs in artificial nest cylinders lost more mass than those in ground nests, but were unaffected by nest initiation date. Average-sized eggs in Mallard ground nests, Mallard cylinder nests, and Common Goldeneye and Hooded Merganser nest boxes lost 7.9 g (15.2%), 10.8 g (20.3%), 10.3 g (15.5%), and 9.2 g (15.8%) of fresh mass, respectively. For all species, daily mass loss increased as incubation progressed and was affected by an interaction between egg size and incubation time, but was not influenced by clutch size. Depending on species, smallest eggs lost 1.0–4.0% more of their fresh mass than did the largest. Egg-mass variability was partitioned into years, nests within years, and eggs within nests and years. Variability was evenly distributed among the variance components in Mallard ground nests; however, among-eggs within-nest variance predominated in nest cylinders. In contrast, among-nests variation was the dominant source for goldeneyes and mergansers. Nest-site selection and egg size likely involve trade-offs among optimum egg-mass loss and nest and hatchling survival. Factores que Influencian la Pérdida de Peso de los Huevos durante la Incubación en Tres Especies de Aves Acuáticas Resumen. Muchas aves pierden aproximadamente el 15% de su peso fresco antes de iniciar la ruptura del cascarón, pero se ha reportado que esto varía entre especies entre el 10 y el 23%. La mayoría de los estimados publicados han sido imprecisos debido a tamaños de muestra pequeños. Más aún, los estimados de los componentes de la varianza dentro de especies o entre especies en la pérdida de peso son virtualmente desconocidos. En este estudio modelamos la influencia del tipo de nido, el tamaño de la nidada y tamaño del huevo sobre la pérdida diaria de peso en huevos de Anas platyrhynchos, Bucephala clangula y Lophodytes cucullatus, y comparamos la fracción de peso perdida entre especies. Los huevos de A. platyrhynchos perdieron más peso en nidos cilíndricos artificiales que en nidos en el suelo, pero no fueron afectados por la fecha de iniciación de la nidificación. Huevos de tamaño promedio de A. platyrhynchos puestos en nidos en el suelo y en cilindros, y huevos de B. clangula y L. cucullatus puestos en cajas de nidificación, perdieron 7.9 g (15.2%), 10.8 g (20.3%), 10.3 g (15.5%) y 9.2 g (15.8%) de su peso fresco, respectivamente. Para todas las especies, la pérdida diaria de peso se incrementó a medida que progresó la incubación y fue influenciada por una interacción entre el tamaño de los huevos y el tiempo de incubación, pero no por el tamaño de la nidada. Dependiendo de la especie, los huevos más pequeños perdieron entre 1.0 y 4.0% más de su peso fresco que los huevos más grandes. La variabilidad en el peso de los huevos estuvo repartida entre años, entre nidos de un mismo año y entre huevos de un mismo nido en cada año. La variabilidad estuvo igualmente distribuida entre sus distintos componentes en los nidos de A. platyrhynchos del suelo. Sin embargo, la varianza entre huevos de un nido predominó en los nidos puestos en cilindros. En contraste, la variación entre nidos fue la más importante en B. clangula y L. cucullatus. La selección de sitios de nidificación y el tamaño de los huevos probablemente involucran una solución de compromiso entre los niveles óptimos de pérdida de peso de los huevos y de supervivencia de los nidos y pichones.


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