ON THE CHARACTERISTIC LOCAL LATTICE DISPLACEMENTS IN THE HIGH Tc OXIDES

Author(s):  
N.L. SAINI ◽  
A. BIANCONI ◽  
H. OYANAGI
Keyword(s):  
High Tc ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Yuehai Liang ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Luchun Wang ◽  
Yong Yian ◽  
Xiaoqing Pan ◽  
...  

HREM study on the defects in high Tc superconductor YBaCuO discovered recently was reported. It was found that there are large amounts of local lattice distortions, point defects and misarrangements of Y or Ba atoms within the specimens observed. HREM images of grain boundaries and interfaces between the crystal state and so-called intermediate ordered state have been obtained. The tripled period lattice image has local distortion, especially near the interfaces.


Author(s):  
H.-J. Ou ◽  
J. M. Cowley

Using the dedicate VG-HB5 STEM microscope, the crystal structure of high Tc superconductor of YBa2Cu3O7-x has been studied via high resolution STEM (HRSTEM) imaging and nanobeam (∽3A) diffraction patterns. Figure 1(a) and 2(a) illustrate the HRSTEM image taken at 10' times magnification along [001] direction and [100] direction, respectively. In figure 1(a), a grain boundary with strong field contrast is seen between two crystal regions A and B. The grain boundary appears to be parallel to a (110) plane, although it is not possible to determine [100] and [001] axes as it is in other regions which contain twin planes [3]. Following the horizontal lattice lines, from left to right across the grain boundary, a lattice bending of ∽4° is noticed. Three extra lattice planes, indicated by arrows, were found to terminate at the grain boundary and form dislocations. It is believed that due to different chemical composition, such structure defects occur during crystal growth. No bending is observed along the vertical lattice lines.


Author(s):  
John Silcox

Determination of the microstructure and microchemistry of small features often provides the insight needed for the understanding of processes in real materials. In many cases, it is not adequate to use microscopy alone. Microdiffraction and microspectroscopic information such as EELS, X-ray microprobe analysis and Auger spectroscopy can all contribute vital parts of the picture. For a number of reasons, dedicated STEM offers considerable promise as a quantitative instrument. In this paper, we review progress towards effective quantitative use of STEM with illustrations drawn from studies of high Tc superconductors, compound semiconductors and metallization of H-terminated silicon.Intrinsically, STEM is a quantitative instrument. Images are acquired directly by detectors in serial mode which is particularly convenient for digital image acquisition, control and display. The VG HB501A at Cornell has been installed in a particularly stable electromagnetic, vibration and acoustic environment. Care has been paid to achieving UHV conditions (i.e., 10-10 Torr). Finally, it has been interfaced with a VAX 3200 work station by Kirkland. This permits, for example, the acquisition of bright field (or energy loss) images and dark field images simultaneously as quantitative arrays in perfect registration.


Author(s):  
S. Hillyard ◽  
Y.-P. Chen ◽  
J.D. Reed ◽  
W.J. Schaff ◽  
L.F. Eastman ◽  
...  

The positions of high-order Laue zone (HOLZ) lines in the zero order disc of convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns are extremely sensitive to local lattice parameters. With proper care, these can be measured to a level of one part in 104 in nanometer sized areas. Recent upgrades to the Cornell UHV STEM have made energy filtered CBED possible with a slow scan CCD, and this technique has been applied to the measurement of strain in In0.2Ga0.8 As wires.Semiconductor quantum wire structures have attracted much interest for potential device applications. For example, semiconductor lasers with quantum wires should exhibit an improvement in performance over quantum well counterparts. Strained quantum wires are expected to have even better performance. However, not much is known about the true behavior of strain in actual structures, a parameter critical to their performance.


Author(s):  
Yoichi Ishida ◽  
Hideki Ichinose ◽  
Yutaka Takahashi ◽  
Jin-yeh Wang

Layered materials draw attention in recent years in response to the world-wide drive to discover new functional materials. High-Tc superconducting oxide is one example. Internal interfaces in such layered materials differ significantly from those of cubic metals. They are often parallel to the layer of the neighboring crystals in sintered samples(layer plane boundary), while periodically ordered interfaces with the two neighboring crystals in mirror symmetry to each other are relatively rare. Consequently, the atomistic features of the interface differ significantly from those of cubic metals. In this paper grain boundaries in sintered high-Tc superconducting oxides, joined interfaces between engineering ceramics with metals, and polytype interfaces in vapor-deposited bicrystal are examined to collect atomic information of the interfaces in layered materials. The analysis proved that they are not neccessarily more complicated than that of simple grain boundaries in cubic metals. The interfaces are majorly layer plane type which is parallel to the compound layer. Secondly, chemical information is often available, which helps the interpretation of the interface atomic structure.


Author(s):  
A.Q. He ◽  
G.W. Qiao ◽  
J. Zhu ◽  
H.Q. Ye

Since the first discovery of high Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor by Maeda et al, many EM works have been done on it. The results show that the superconducting phases have a type of ordered layer structures similar to that in Y-Ba-Cu-O system formulated in Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO2n+4 (n=1,2,3) (simply called 22(n-1) phase) with lattice constants of a=0.358, b=0.382nm but the length of c being different according to the different value of n in the formulate. Unlike the twin structure observed in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system, there is an incommensurate modulated structure in the superconducting phases of Bi system superconductors. Modulated wavelengths of both 1.3 and 2.7 nm have been observed in the 2212 phase. This communication mainly presents the intergrowth of these two kinds of one-dimensional modulated structures in 2212 phase.


Author(s):  
Shozo Ikeda ◽  
Hirotoshi Hayakawa ◽  
Daniel R. Dietderich

Pb addition makes easier to form the high Tc phase in the BSCCO system. However, Pb easily vaporized at high temperature. A controlled Pb potential method has been applied to grow the high Tc phase in films. Initially, films are deposited on cleaved MgO substrates using an rf magnetron sputtering system. These amorphous as-deposited films are heat treated in a sealed gold capsule along with a large pellet of Pb-added BSCCO. Details of the process and characterization of the films have been reported elsewhere (1). Films trated for 0.5h at 850° C contain mainly the low Tc phase with a small amount of the high Tc phase. Hawever, films treated for 3h at 850°C consist mainly of the high Tc phase. This film is superconductive with a Tc(zero) of 106K. The Pb/Bi ratio of the films, analysed by SEM- EDS, are 0.12 and 0.18 for heat tratment times of 0.5 and 3h, respectively. The present study investigates the modulated structures of these films using HREM.


Author(s):  
D. R. Liu ◽  
D. B. Williams

The secondary electron imaging technique in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used first by Millman et al. in 1987 to distinguish between the superconducting phase and the non-superconducting phase of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors. They observed that, if the sample was cooled down below the transition temperature Tc and imaged with secondary electrons, some regions in the image would show dark contrast whereas others show bright contrast. In general, the contrast variation of a SEM image is the variation of the secondary electron yield over a specimen, which in turn results from the change of topography and conductivity over the specimen. Nevertheless, Millman et al. were able to demonstrate with their experimental results that the dominant contrast mechanism should be the conductivity variation and that the regions of dark contrast were the superconducting phase whereas the regions of bright contrast were the non-superconducting phase, because the latter was a poor conductor and consequently, the charge building-up resulted in high secondary electron emission. This observation has since aroused much interest amoung the people in electron microscopy and high Tc superconductivity. The present paper is the preliminary report of our attempt to carry out the secondary electron imaging of this material in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) rather than in a SEM. The advantage of performing secondary electron imaging in a TEM is obvious that, in a TEM, the spatial resolution is higher and many more complementary techniques, e.g, diffraction contrast imaging, phase contrast imaging, electron diffraction and various microanalysis techniques, are available.


Author(s):  
Hamish L. Fraser

The topic of strain and lattice parameter measurements using CBED is discussed by reference to several examples. In this paper, only one of these examples is referenced because of the limitation of length. In this technique, scattering in the higher order Laue zones is used to determine local lattice parameters. Work (e.g. 1) has concentrated on a model strained-layer superlattice, namely Si/Gex-Si1-x. In bulk samples, the strain is expected to be tetragonal in nature with the unique axis parallel to [100], the growth direction. When CBED patterns are recorded from the alloy epi-layers, the symmetries exhibited by the patterns are not tetragonal, but are in fact distorted from this to lower symmetries. The spatial variation of the distortion close to a strained-layer interface has been assessed. This is most readily noted by consideration of Fig. 1(a-c), which show enlargements of CBED patterns for various locations and compositions of Ge. Thus, Fig. 1(a) was obtained with the electron beam positioned in the center of a 5Ge epilayer and the distortion is consistent with an orthorhombic distortion. When the beam is situated at about 150 nm from the interface, the same part of the CBED pattern is shown in Fig. 1(b); clearly, the symmetry exhibited by the mirror planes in Fig. 1 is broken. Finally, when the electron beam is positioned in the center of a 10Ge epilayer, the CBED pattern yields the result shown in Fig. 1(c). In this case, the break in the mirror symmetry is independent of distance form the heterointerface, as might be expected from the increase in the mismatch between 5 and 10%Ge, i.e. 0.2 to 0.4%, respectively. From computer simulation, Fig.2, the apparent monocline distortion corresponding to the 5Ge epilayer is quantified as a100 = 0.5443 nm, a010 = 0.5429 nm and a001 = 0.5440 nm (all ± 0.0001 nm), and α = β = 90°, γ = 89.96 ± 0.02°. These local symmetry changes are most likely due to surface relaxation phenomena.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document